BIOL 2030 Unit 3 Exam Practice Questions PDF

BIOL 2030 UNIT 3 EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS Wednesday, December 4, 2024 (Questions only version) In the acquisition stage of the original prokaryotic CRISPR-CAS system, foreign viral DNA becomes incorporated as a repeat in the CRISPR locus. A. TRUE B. FALSE Could this be the recognitio...

BIOL 2030 UNIT 3 EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS Wednesday, December 4, 2024 (Questions only version) In the acquisition stage of the original prokaryotic CRISPR-CAS system, foreign viral DNA becomes incorporated as a repeat in the CRISPR locus. A. TRUE B. FALSE Could this be the recognition sequence for a restriction endonuclease? 5’CTGCAG3’ A. TRUE B. FALSE The recognition sequence for the Type II restriction endonuclease EcoRI is 5’G*AATTC3’ (where the * indicates where the DNA sequence is cleaved by the enzyme). The following DNA sequence shows one end of a DNA sequence cut by this enzyme: 5’…G3’ 3’…CTTAA5’ A. TRUE B. FALSE Neofunctionalization can occur following a gene duplication event. A. TRUE B. FALSE Next-generation sequencing, like Illumina, determines DNA sequences by DNA synthesis involving fluorescently labeled non- reversible terminators. A. TRUE B. FALSE Which of the following correctly completes the statement: During the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA), reverse transcriptase … A...catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 5′-OH and the 3′- phosphate group of adjacent nucleotides in the growing DNA polymer. B...synthesizes the new strand from the sequence of amino acids. C...initiates DNA synthesis without a primer. D...first makes a DNA sequence complementary to the RNA template, then replaces the original RNA strand with a DNA strand. Which of the following statements about polyploidy is CORRECT? A. Polyploidy is common in plants but never occurs in animals. B. Hybrids of two species that have the same number of chromosomes are always fertile because the hybrids have the same number of species as the parents. C. Mitotic nondisjunction in somatic cells can lead to the production of a polyploid organism. D. Polyploidy can play a very significant role in plant speciation. E. Triploids are fertile as they always produce balanced gametes. Which of the following statements about Down syndrome is INCORRECT? A. Can be caused by chromosomal translocations. B. Can be caused by aneuploidy. C. The most common cause is a translocation of chromosome 21 that is passed down across generations within families. D. Older women are more likely to have a child with the syndrome. E. Most cases of Down syndrome originate from a non-disjunction in the mother. Which of the following statements concerning chromosomal mutations is CORRECT? A. Reciprocal translocation produces unbalanced gene dosage. B. Chromosome duplications likely have no effect on phenotype because no genetic material is lost. C. The gain of an extra sex chromosome is usually lethal. D. Chromosome mutations that arise in germline cells will not be passed on to the next generation. E. Duplication of chromosome segments can lead to the formation of pseudogenes. Which statement about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is CORRECT? A. Any two unrelated humans will usually differ at several thousand SNPs. B. They occur every million base pairs or so in the human genome. C. Although four alleles are possible, most SNPs only have two. D.The term ‘haplotypes’ refers to SNPs for which only one copy of an allele is present. Which type of chromosome mutation decreases the amount of genetic material by one copy of each of two non-homologous chromosomes? A. haploidy B. monosomy C. double monosomy D.polysomy E. nullisomy What statement about quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is INCORRECT? A. The number of cycles at which the PCR product first becomes detectable (Cq) provides a measure of template abundance. B. The ‘linear phase’ of the reaction cannot be used to infer template abundance. C. A dye that fluoresces more strongly when bound to double-stranded DNA can be used to track the growth of PCR product. D. ‘Lag phase’ refers to the period before any amplification occurs.