F24_Wright PRACTICE Exam 1 BIOL 107 PDF

BIOL107 PRACTICE EXAM 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Naturally occurring iron (Fe) consists of four stable isot...

BIOL107 PRACTICE EXAM 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Naturally occurring iron (Fe) consists of four stable isotopes. Which of the following differs between the four isotopes? A) number of electrons B) number of protons C) atomic number D) number of neutrons 2) What is deductive reasoning? A) hypothesis based science that utilizes the scientific method B) a scientific approach that makes generalizations based on observations C) descriptive science that derives generalizations from observed patterns D) discovery based science in which the flow of information if from specific to general 3) The field of biology that summarizes evolutionary relationships and attempts to identify closely related organisms is called A) archeology B) taxonomy C) ancestrology D) phylogeny 4) Which of the following best describes diffusion? A) movement of water molecules across channel proteins embedded in the plasma membrane B) movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across the plasma membrane C) energy requiring transport of macromolecules across the plasma membrane D) transport of substances through proteins from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration 5) What is the valency of carbon? A) 8 B) 2 C) 6 D) 4 6) Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? A) rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane B) rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → nucleus C) Golgi → rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane D) rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane 7) Under the 3 domain system, developed in the 1990's, bacteria and archaea are separated into two separate domains. Which of the following is a defining characteristic separating these two domains? A) presence of a nucleus B) lack of a cell wall C) sexual vs. asexual reproduction D) cell membrane composition 8) Which class of macromolecules is NOT a polymer? A) carbohydrates B) proteins C) lipids D) nucleic acids 9) How does the polarity of water impact its physical and chemical properties? A) It causes water molecules to interact with each other making water very dense when it freezes. B) It creates cohesion between water molecules which contributes to water's surface tension and capillary action. C) It causes the attraction of water molecules to non-polar molecules. D) It makes water a poor solvent because it reduces water's ability to dissolve ionic compounds. 10) The plasma membrane is best described as A) a rigid structure that acts as a gate keeper for the cell B) a dynamic structure that allows things to freely pass in and out of the cell C) an inflexible structure that provides structural support for the cell D) a fluid structure that controls what comes in and out of the cell 11) The energy for primary active transport comes from ____________________ and the energy for secondary active transport comes from ____________________. A) ATP; ATP B) electrochemical gradient; electrochemical gradient C) ATP; electrochemical gradient D) electrochemical gradient; ATP 12) Which subatomic particle has negligible mass and determines the chemical behavior of an atom? A) photon B) neutron C) electron D) proton 13) Is a solution that has a [H+] concentration of 1x10-4 acidic or basic and what is the pH of the solution? A) acidic; pH = 4 B) basic; pH = 4 C) basic; pH = 10 D) acidic; pH = 10 14) Which of the following would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? A) sucrose B) O2 C) a protein D) Na+ 15) In animals, glucose molecules are stored in liver and fat cells in the form of A) cellulite B) starch C) glycogen D) cellulose 16) Most bacteria reproduce asexually by a process called ____________________. A) cellularization B) fragmentation C) budding D) binary fission 17) When a transport vesicle carries a newly synthesized protein to the plasma membrane, where it fuses with it and releases the protein out of the cell, this is an example of ____________________. A) phagocytosis B) pinocytosis C) endocytosis D) exocytosis 18) Suppose an organism has 25g of carbon-14 at its time of death. Approximately how much carbon-14 remains after 11,400 years? (half-life of carbon-14 = 5,700 years) A) 0.25g B) 6.25g C) 12.5g D) 2g 19) Which class of macromolecules provides structural support, catalyzes biochemical reactions, and transports other molecules? A) lipids B) proteins C) nucleic acids D) carbohydrates 20) The main "fabric" of the plasma membrane is composed of ____________________ with a mosaic of other molecules. A) phospholipids B) proteins C) triglycerides D) carbohydrates 21) Cells placed in a hypertonic solution would most likely ____________________. A) swell B) shrivel C) burst D) stay the same 22) All of the following contain polar covalent bonds EXCEPT A) H2O B) NaOH C) CH4 D) -COOH 23) Mitochondria are found in A) all cells including archaea. B) plant and animal cells. C) only animals cells. D) plant, animal, and bacterial cells. 24) Which component of the plasma membrane is found only in animal cells? A) peripheral proteins B) integral proteins C) steroids D) cholesterol 25) Use the diagram below to answer the following questions. The cell shown would most likely be from which of the following organisms? A) tree B) bacteria C) human D) bear 26) In the diagram of the cell shown above, the Golgi apparatus is represented by which letter? A) B) C) D) 27) In a eukaryotic cell, which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins? A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum B) nucleus C) ribosomes D) peroxisomes 28) Anions _______________ electrons and carry a _______________ charge. A) lose; positive B) gain; positive C) lose; negative D) gain; negative 29) In the diagram of the cell shown below, the organelle labeled "5" is the A) nuclear envelope B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) rough endoplasmic reticulum D) nucleolus 30) Most organisms are made of which 4 elements? A) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen B) oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen C) oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, calcium D) carbon, hydrogen, calcium, and nitrogen 31) For the following question, match the labeled component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description. Which component in the figure is a carbohydrate? A) F B) E C) C D) A 32) Why are ruminant animals, such as cows, sheep, buffalo, and goats, able to breakdown cellulose? A) they are the only animals with an acidic stomach environment B) microbes in their rumen (stomach) produce the required enzyme C) the stomachs of ruminant animals produce the required enzyme D) salivary enzymes in their mouth and their unique flat teeth break it down 33) A hypothesis must be A) testable and provable B) predictable and reproducible C) testable and falsifiable D) provable and falsifiable 34) In its most abundant form, how many subatomic particles are found in an atom of cobalt? A) 27 protons, 32 neutrons, 32 electrons B) 27 protons, 59 neutrons, 27 electrons C) 32 protons, 27 neutrons, 32 electrons D) 27 protons, 32 neutrons, 27 electrons 35) In an animal cell, which organelle is responsible for breaking down macromolecules? A) vacuoles B) vesicles C) lysosomes D) ribosomes 36) What is the molecular weight of glucose (C6H12O6)? A) 29g/mol B) 174g/mol C) 32g/mol D) 180g/mol 37) What is the electrochemical gradient? A) The selective transport of ions across the cell membrane based on their size and shape. B) The production of electrical energy through chemical reactions.  C) The difference in charge between the nucleus and cytoplasm because DNA is negatively charged. D) Combined effect of differences in ion concentrations and electrical charge across the cell membrane. 38) What is the primary function of mitochondria? A) produce proteins B) fold and package proteins C) provide structural support D) produce energy for the cell 39) Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of cell theory? A) the cell is the basic unit of life B) all cells come from other cells C) all living things are made of cells D) all cells contain DNA 40) The following experiment is used for the following question. A microbiologist discovered a new species of bacteria and wants to determine the optimum temperature and pH for the organism (i.e. the temperature and pH at which the organism shows the fastest growth). To answer this question, the microbiologist transfers 10ul of bacterial culture into 12 tubes of sterile culture medium. The pH and incubation temperature are shown below. pH Temperature 4 25°C 4 37°C 4 45°C 6 25°C 6 37°C 6 45°C 8 25°C 8 37°C 8 45°C 10 25°C 10 37°C 10 45°C After incubating for 24 hours, the density of bacterial growth was measured using a spectrophotometer. Which of the following is an independent variable? A) incubation time B) amount of growth C) pH of the media D) type of culture media 41) Which of the following are found in ALL cells including plant, animal, and bacterial cells? A) ribosomes B) DNA and a nucleus C) cell wall and cell membrane D) mitochondria 42) The sodium-potassium pump is an example of primary active transport because A) it transports sodium out of the cell B) it transports potassium out of the cell C) it uses energy from ATP D) it moves ions across the cell membrane  1) D 2) A 3) D 4) B 5) D 6) D 7) D 8) C 9) B 10) D 11) C 12) C 13) A 14) B 15) C 16) D 17) D 18) B 19) B 20) A 21) B 22) C 23) B 24) D 25) A 26) B 27) C 28) D 29) D 30) B 31) C 32) B 33) C 34) D 35) C 36) D 37) D 38) D 39) D 40) C 41) A 42) C