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8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Which of the following represents an effective test-cross for plant height? Tall (T) is...

8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Which of the following represents an effective test-cross for plant height? Tall (T) is dominant to short (t). A. Phenotypically tall x Tt C. Phenotypically tall x tt B. Phenotypically tall x TT C. Phenotypically tall x tt D. Phenotypically short x tt E. Phenotypically short x TT Which of the following is a function of histamine? A. Reduces tissue swelling B. Activates mast cells C. Dilates capillaries C. Dilates capillaries D. Decreases the inflammatory response E. Increases blood pressure dilating Histamine increases blood flow to an area by ___ capillaries. swelling Tissue ___ is increased by histamine. If 2n = 8, how many chromatids are present in each daughter cell during metaphase II? A. 2 C. 8 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16 All of the following cellular structures can be found in a plant cell EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Central vacuole E. Centrioles B. Plastids C. Nucleus D. Ribosomes E. Centrioles Which part of the brain maintains cortical arousal? A. Cerebrum C. Reticular formation B. Cerebellum C. Reticular formation D. Hypothalamus The _____ are neurons found throughout the brainstem that are involved in cortical arousal and reticular formation consciousness. Frogs produce eggs that develop and hatch after they have been expelled from the mother. What is this an example of? A. Viviparity D. Oviparity B. Omniparity C. Ovoviviparity D. Oviparity describes the mode of reproduction in which embryos develop inside eggs that are ovoviparity retained within the mother's body until they are ready to hatch https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 17/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet An otherwise healthy mother who consumes insufficient dietary vitamin B has four offspring that all produce insufficient growth hormone. What is the most likely connection? A. Epistatic link D. Epigenetic link B. Polygenic link C. Common pleiotropic allele D. Epigenetic link E. No link, it was random - study of cellular traits that are heritable to daughter cells, despite the fact that they do Epigenetic link not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. - affected by development, chemicals or drugs, diet, and aging. In which of the following can simultaneous transcription and translation be observed? A. Virus B. Bacteria B. Bacteria C. Protista D. Fungi E. Plantae In ____, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytosol. prokaryotes / eukaryotes In ____, transcription occurs in the nucleus, after which translation occurs in the cytoplasm. A young puppy learns to ignore an alarm call from one puppy who frequently signals false alarms. This is an example of A. sensitization. C. habituation. B. imprinting. C. habituation. D. classical conditioning. is when an animal minimizes its response to a stimulus that is not relevant or has no Habituation consequence. Sensitization is when an animal learns to react more often or more strongly to a repeated stimulus. A substance that binds to an allosteric site of an enzyme is called a A. ribozyme. B. competitive inhibitor. C. noncompetitive inhibitor. C. noncompetitive inhibitor. D. substrate. E. zymogen. Which of the following organisms has a predominantly haploid lifecycle? A. Mollusca B. Ferns D. Fungi C. Chordata D. Fungi E. Annelids Which of the following describes how DNA is packaged? A. DNA binds to RNA to form a helix C. DNA is coiled around histone proteins B. Histone proteins are integrated into DNA sequence C. DNA is coiled around histone proteins D. A single histone subunit wraps the length of DNA https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 18/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Which technique can be used to make many copies of a DNA sequence? A. DNA microarray B. Polymerase chain reaction B. Polymerase chain reaction C. ELISA D. Western blot E. SDS-PAGE is a way for researchers to see which genes are and are not being expressed in an A DNA microarray organism. It would not help in separating a group of DNA fragments. is a technology to determine if a specific antigen exists in a person. Antibodies are placed into a microtiter plate and if they bind to the specific antigen that is being tested Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for, there will be a color change in the microtiter plate. This indicates that the person has the disease/antigen. Although ____ can be used to detect the presence of proteins in a person, it cannot be used to visualize proteins inside a cell. Western blotting is a laboratory technique that quantifies the amount of target protein in a sample is a highly similar technique to gel electrophoresis in that it separates molecules SDS-PAGE according to size and charge. However, it is used for proteins rather than DNA. DNA contains of each of the following types of forces EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Covalent bonds C. Disulfide bonds B. Hydrogen bonds C. Disulfide bonds D. Phosphodiester bonds E. Van der Waals forces Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis? A. Anaphase I B. Anaphase II D. Prophase I C. Metaphase II D. Prophase I E. Prophase II Antibiotic resistant bacteria colony A is left to sit on an agar plate. After some time, C. Transformation bacteria colony A is removed and antibiotic susceptible bacteria colony B is added to the plate. Bacteria colony B gains antibiotic resistance while sitting on the plate. What In the scenario above, bacteria colony B phenomenon best describes what has occurred? picked up free-floating DNA (from bacteria A. Transduction colony A) and incorporated it into its B. Conjugation chromosome, thereby acquiring antibiotic C. Transformation resistance. D. Mutation E. Translation ____ occurs when a bacterial cell takes up extracellular DNA from its environment and Transformation incorporates it into its chromosome. All of the following are secondary messengers used in signal transduction EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Cyclic AMP E. GTP B. Diacylglycerol C. Inostiol triphosphate D. Calcium E. GTP https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 19/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet What happens to a bacterial cell if its cell wall is removed and it is placed in distilled water? A. Lyse because the bacterial cell is hyperosmotic to the distilled water A. Lyse because the bacterial cell is B. Lyse because the bacterial cell is hypoosmotic to the distilled water hyperosmotic to the distilled water C. Shrivel because the bacterial cell is isotonic to the distilled water D. Shrivel because the bacterial cell is hypoosmotic to the distilled water E. Shrivel because the bacterial cell is hyperosmotic to the distilled water ___ is when a plant cell shrivels and pulls away from the cell wall due to a lack of water Plasmolysis inside the cell; ____ does not burst the plant cell. What enzyme removes phosphate groups from a protein? A. Phosphorylase B. Kinase C. Phosphatase C. Phosphatase D. Protease E. Catalase ____ is released from the presynaptic motor neuron onto the muscle fiber, which Acetylcholine stimulates contraction. Where does filtration take place in the excretory system? A. Proximal tubule and glomerulus B. Distal tubule and collecting duct D. Bowman's capsule and glomerulus C. Ascending limb and descending limb D. Bowman's capsule and glomerulus E. Proximal tubule and descending limb What part of the developing blastocyst contributes to the placenta? A. Inner cell mass B. Trophoblast B. Trophoblast C. Ectoderm D. Blastocoel E. Epiblast The ___ is the outer layer of the embryo and will form the developing embryo's trophoblast contribution to the placenta. inner cell mass The ____ will form the embryo. A loss-of-function mutation in the gene that produces which of the following would B. Calcitonin lead to an increase in blood calcium levels? A. Osteoid A genetic defect in the gene that produces B. Calcitonin calcitonin would thus lead to increased C. Vitamin D blood calcium levels. D. Parathyroid hormone E. Oxytocin ____ depresses osteoclasts, leading to uninhibited osteoblast function and decreasing Calcitonin blood calcium levels. In which blood vessel is blood pressure the highest? A. Capillaries B. Arteries B. Arteries C. Veins D. Lymph vessels arterioles Pressure drops the most in the ___ because of the high resistance that is found there. https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 20/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet A species exhibits a type I survivorship curve. What is another characteristic that is true of this species? A. High carrying capacity E. Increasing mortality with increasing age B. Large amount of offspring C. Short lifespan D. Quick maturation period E. Increasing mortality with increasing age Type I survivorship curves are associated with ____ species, which invest a large amount K-selected of time into raising few offspring. The offspring of K-selected species have ___ mortality rates during their early years but low / higher will have ___ mortality rates as their age increases. Where is carbon dioxide produced? A. Glycolysis in the cytosol C. Citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial B. Pyruvate manipulations in the intermembrane space matrix C. Citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix D. Electron transport chain in the mitochondrial matrix Which of the following initiates the heartbeat? A. Sinoatrial node B. Atrioventricular node A. Sinoatrial node C. Purkinje fibers D. Intercalated discs E. Bundle of His Sinoatrial node the 'pacemaker' of the heart that initiates each heartbeat. atrioventricular node adds a brief delay between the contractions of the atria and ventricles. Which of the following would require a transporter to pass through the lipid bilayer? A. CO2 B. Glycerol C. Insulin C. Insulin D. Cortisol E. Testosterone Which plant hormone is responsible for fruit ripening? A. Ethylene B. Auxins A. Ethylene C. Gibberellins D. Cytokinins E. Abscisic acid cause cell growth auxins work with cytokinins plat tropisms regulate cell division and differentiation with auxins Cytokinins prevent aging/senesence stem and shoot elongation Giberellins elimination of dormancy of seed flowering, fruit production, leaf/fruit death Which cell type is responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid in the stomach? A. Kupffer cells B. Goblet cells E. Parietal cells C. Chief cells D. Mucous cells E. Parietal cells https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 21/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet are specialized cells of the liver that destroy old/useless red blood cells and bacteria in Kupffer cells the blood. These cells are not involved in digestion. Which of the following controls respiration? A. Cerebral cortex C. Medulla oblongata B. Cerebellum C. Medulla oblongata D. Hypothalamus Phosphofructokinase _____ is the key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. Which layer of the epidermis is only present in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet? A. Stratum lucidum A. Stratum lucidum B. Stratum corneum C. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum spinosum come - corneum epidermis mneumonic lets - lucidum get - granulosum some - spinosum beer - basale The ____ is the inner layer that is closest to the growing embryo. It forms a membrane amnion / amniotic fluid around the embryo and secretes the ___ ___ which gives a water cushion and protects the embryo from damage. What are the products of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis? A. C6H12O6, NADPH, and ATP B. C6H12O6, NADP+, and ADP E. O2, NADPH, and ATP C. CO2, NADPH, ATP D. O2, NADP+, and ADP E. O2, NADPH, and ATP glucose, ADP, NADP+ products of the light independent reactions A mother is affected by a genetic disease and the father is a carrier for the condition. If 50% of their children are affected by the disease, what is the pattern of inheritance? A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive B. Autosomal recessive C. X-linked dominant D. X-linked recessive E. Y-linked dominant If a condition is ___ ____, then an affected mother and carrier father will result in 50% of autosomal recessive their children having the condition. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? A. Regulation of blood pH B. Rising levels of estrogen stimulate a surge of luteinizing hormone A. Regulation of blood pH C. Blood platelet accumulation in blood vessels D. Release of oxytocin during childbirth E. Release of oxytocin during lactation Negative feedback loops are often used to maintain ___. Say that a signal is given to homeostasis produce a certain molecule; when negative feedback occurs, an excess of that molecule inhibits the original signal. https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 22/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet If a human cell has 46 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis, then at the end of meiosis I each cell would have A. 23 chromatids B. 46 chromatids B. 46 chromatids C. 46 chromosomes D. 92 chromatids E. 92 chromosomes During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate. At the end of meiosis I, each 23 / 46 daughter cell contains ___ chromosomes (___ chromatids). 23 / 23 During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate. At the end of meiosis II, each daughter cell contains ___ chromosomes (____ chromatids). Notochord 4 Chordate characteristics: Dorsal hollow nerve cord Gill slits Post-anal tail The ingestion of which of the following would stimulate the release of cholecystokinin? A. Carbohydrates B. Fats B. Fats C. Nucleic acids D. Inorganic compounds Cholecystokinin (CCK) is secreted by the small intestine as a response when _____ and ___ fats / proteins are ingested. Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the ____ to release bile and the ___ to release digestive gallbladder / pancreas / decreases enzymes; it also ___ the motility of the stomach to provide more time for fat digestion. What is the function of a major histocompatibility complex class II molecule? A. Rupture foreign cell membranes D. Display foreign antigens on the plasma B. Exocytose pathogens membrane C. Stimulate adjacent cells to prepare for infection D. Display foreign antigens on the plasma membrane E. Dilate blood vessels MHC class I molecules mainly present in ____ antigens, while MHC class II molecules intracellular / extracellular mainly present ____ antigens. ____ act as a bridge between innate and adaptive responses. ___ can express major Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules on their cell surface. Where does hematopoiesis predominantly occur? A. Epiphysis B. Diaphysis A. Epiphysis C. Synarthroses D. Lamellae E. Cortical bone Which of the following is unique to angiosperms when compared to gymnosperms? A. Taproot, vacuoles, and cell wall B. Embryo sac, pollen tube, and flowering B. Embryo sac, pollen tube, and flowering C. Unprotected seed, pollen tube, and xylem D. Heterosporous, cones, and reproduce with unprotected seeds Angiosperms are ____ tracheophytes that are flower-bearing, produce fruit, have non- seed-bearing flagellated sperm, produce a pollen tube, and exhibit double fertilization. https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 23/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Which of the following is true of a pair of homologous chromosomes? A. Contain different genes B. Contain distinct alleles B. Contain distinct alleles C. Separate during anaphase II of meiosis D. Connected by a centromere E. Differ in size While homologous chromosomes contain the same ___, they can have slight variations genes / alleles that are known as ___. All of the following are examples of active transport EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Neuron maintaining its sodium and potassium gradient E. H+ movement from the mitochondrial B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum transporting in calcium intermembrane space to the matrix C. Contractile vacuoles excreting excess water D. Cells exporting molecules through exocytosis E. H+ movement from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the matrix Protons diffuse across the inner membrane from the ____ ___ (high concentration of intermembrane space / mitochondrial matrix protons) to the ____ ____ (low concentration of protons). This powers the ATP synthase. the strand of DNA that is not used for transcription and is identical in sequence to mRNA, except it coding strand (sense strand) contains uracil instead of thymine The strand of DNA within a structural gene that is complementary to the mRNA. The noncoding strand template Strand/Antisense Strand is used as a template to make mRNA. Excessive consumption of iodine would most likely affect the function which of the following organs? A. Thyroid A. Thyroid B. Kidney C. Liver D. Parathyroid E. Pancreas Which of the following is a method marine fish use to maintain homeostasis? A. Swim towards freshwater B. Rarely drink water E. Constantly drink water C. Absorb salts through gills D. Constantly urinate E. Constantly drink water Fish in freshwater environments: hyperosmotic Are ____ relative to their environment. little Drink very ___ water. enters Salt ___ the gills via active transport. large Produce a ___ volume of urine. Fish in saltwater environments: hypoosmotic Are ____ relative to their environment. leaves Constantly drink water. low Salt ___ the gills via active transport. Produce a ____ volume of urine. https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 24/68