Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement about chromosome duplications is TRUE?
Which statement about chromosome duplications is TRUE?
Which of the following accurately describes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?
Which of the following accurately describes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?
What type of chromosome mutation results in a decrease of genetic material by one copy from each of two non-homologous chromosomes?
What type of chromosome mutation results in a decrease of genetic material by one copy from each of two non-homologous chromosomes?
Which statement about quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is INCORRECT?
Which statement about quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is INCORRECT?
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Which of the following is an effect of chromosome duplications?
Which of the following is an effect of chromosome duplications?
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Which statement about the acquisition stage of the original prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas system is true?
Which statement about the acquisition stage of the original prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas system is true?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the recognition sequence for EcoRI?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the recognition sequence for EcoRI?
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Which statement about gene duplication and neofunctionalization is accurate?
Which statement about gene duplication and neofunctionalization is accurate?
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What is a correct statement regarding next-generation sequencing techniques like Illumina?
What is a correct statement regarding next-generation sequencing techniques like Illumina?
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Which option accurately describes reverse transcriptase's role in cDNA synthesis?
Which option accurately describes reverse transcriptase's role in cDNA synthesis?
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Which statement about polyploidy is incorrect?
Which statement about polyploidy is incorrect?
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Which statement regarding the causes of Down syndrome is false?
Which statement regarding the causes of Down syndrome is false?
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What is a correct statement about chromosomal mutations?
What is a correct statement about chromosomal mutations?
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Chromosome duplications likely have a significant impact on phenotype due to the gain of extra genetic material.
Chromosome duplications likely have a significant impact on phenotype due to the gain of extra genetic material.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) commonly occur every hundred thousand base pairs in the human genome.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) commonly occur every hundred thousand base pairs in the human genome.
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Monosomy describes a condition where only one copy of a single chromosome is present in an organism's cells.
Monosomy describes a condition where only one copy of a single chromosome is present in an organism's cells.
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The linear phase of qPCR cannot be used to infer template abundance because it is not stable over time.
The linear phase of qPCR cannot be used to infer template abundance because it is not stable over time.
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A dye that fluoresces less strongly when bound to double-stranded DNA is effective in tracking the growth of PCR product in qPCR.
A dye that fluoresces less strongly when bound to double-stranded DNA is effective in tracking the growth of PCR product in qPCR.
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In the acquisition stage of the original prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas system, foreign viral DNA becomes incorporated as a repeat in the CRISPR locus.
In the acquisition stage of the original prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas system, foreign viral DNA becomes incorporated as a repeat in the CRISPR locus.
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The sequence 5’CTGCAG3’ can be recognized by the restriction endonuclease EcoII.
The sequence 5’CTGCAG3’ can be recognized by the restriction endonuclease EcoII.
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The recognition sequence for EcoRI includes the cleave site indicated by an asterisk.
The recognition sequence for EcoRI includes the cleave site indicated by an asterisk.
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Neofunctionalization cannot occur following a gene duplication event.
Neofunctionalization cannot occur following a gene duplication event.
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Next-generation sequencing techniques, such as Illumina, utilize reversible terminators during DNA synthesis.
Next-generation sequencing techniques, such as Illumina, utilize reversible terminators during DNA synthesis.
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During cDNA synthesis, reverse transcriptase initiates DNA synthesis without needing a primer.
During cDNA synthesis, reverse transcriptase initiates DNA synthesis without needing a primer.
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Polyploidy is a phenomenon that occurs both in plants and animals.
Polyploidy is a phenomenon that occurs both in plants and animals.
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The most common cause of Down syndrome is a translocation of chromosome 21 that is inherited.
The most common cause of Down syndrome is a translocation of chromosome 21 that is inherited.
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Study Notes
CRISPR-CAS System
- In the acquisition stage of the original prokaryotic CRISPR-CAS system, foreign viral DNA is incorporated as a repeat in the CRISPR locus.
- This statement is TRUE.
Restriction Endonuclease Recognition
- Could 5'CTGCAG3' be the recognition sequence for a restriction endonuclease?
- This statement's answer is FALSE.
EcoRI Restriction Enzyme
- The recognition sequence for the Type II restriction endonuclease EcoRI is 5'G*AATTC3'.
- The * indicates the location where the DNA sequence is cleaved by the enzyme.
- The following DNA sequence is an example of a sequence cut by the enzyme:
- 5′...G3′
- 3'...СТТАA5′
- This statement is TRUE.
Neofunctionalization
- Neofunctionalization can occur following a gene duplication event.
- This statement is TRUE.
Next-Generation Sequencing
- Next-generation sequencing, like Illumina, determines DNA sequences by DNA synthesis involving fluorescently labeled non-reversible terminators.
- This statement is TRUE.
Reverse Transcriptase in cDNA Synthesis
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During cDNA synthesis, reverse transcriptase performs specific actions.
- It catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the 5'-OH and the 3'-phosphate on adjacent nucleotides in the growing DNA polymer. This is the correct function of reverse transcriptase.
- It does not synthesize a new DNA strand based directly on amino acid sequences.
- It does not initiate DNA synthesis independently of a primer.
- It creates a DNA copy of the RNA template and then replaces the RNA strand with a DNA version.
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The correct answer is A
Polyploidy
- Polyploidy is a common phenomenon in plant species, but also occurs in animal species.
- Hybrids of two species with the same number of chromosomes as their parents are fertile because the hybrids have the exact same number of chromosomes as their parent species.
- Mitotic nondisjunction in somatic cells can lead to the production of a polyploid organism.
- Polyploidy plays a major role in plant speciation
- Triploids can be fertile, but not always because they don't always produce balanced gametes.
Down Syndrome
- Down syndrome can be caused by chromosomal translocations.
- Down syndrome can be caused by aneuploidy. (an incorrect number of chromosomes)
- The most typical cause of Down syndrome is a translocation of chromosome 21 that passes within families.
- Older women are more inclined to give birth to children with Down syndrome.
- The majority of Down syndrome occurrences stem from a nondisjunction event in the mother.
- The incorrect statement is C.
Chromosomal Mutations
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Reciprocal translocation produces an unbalanced gene dosage.
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Chromosome duplications typically have no effect on the phenotype as long as no genetic material is lost.
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The gain of an extra sex chromosome is generally fatal.
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Chromosome mutations arising in germline cells (sperm or egg-producing cells) will be passed on to the next generation.
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Duplication of chromosome segments can result in pseudogenes, which are non-functional copies of genes.
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The correct statement is E
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
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Any two unrelated humans typically differ at several thousand SNPs.
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SNPs occur approximately every million base pairs.
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While SNPs may theoretically have more than two alleles, most SNPs only have two.
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Haplotypes are combinations of SNPs where only one copy of an allele for each SNP is present.
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The correct statement is C
Chromosome Mutation - Monosomy
- Monosomy is a type of chromosomal mutation where an organism loses one copy of each of two non-homologous chromosomes.
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)
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The number of cycles required for the PCR product to become detectable (Cq) provides a method for determining template abundance.
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The linear phase of the reaction can be used to estimate template abundance.
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A double-stranded DNA-binding dye that fluoresces can be utilized to monitor PCR product amplification.
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The lag phase in qPCR refers to the time before any amplification occurs.
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The incorrect statement is B.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in genetics including the CRISPR-CAS system, restriction endonucleases, and next-generation sequencing. This quiz will challenge your knowledge on the mechanisms of gene manipulation and the functions of various enzymes involved in DNA processing.
