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8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Which of the following classifications do sponges belong to? A. Rotife...

8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Which of the following classifications do sponges belong to? A. Rotifera B. Cnidaria D. Porifera C. Annelida D. Porifera E. Platyhelminthes Innate immunity provides protection through which of the following mechanisms? A. Inducing apoptosis via cytotoxic T cells B. Memory of previous pathogenic infections E. Inflammatory response C. Clonal proliferation of B cells D. Tagging of pathogens via antibodies E. Inflammatory response All of the following are post-zygotic barriers EXCEPT for one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. F1 breakdown C. Gamete incompatibility B. F2 breakdown C. Gamete incompatibility D. Hybrid inviability E. Hybrid sterility Habitat Isolation: occupying different habitats. Temporal Isolation: reproducing at different times/seasons. Behavioral Isolation: different courtship rituals. prezygotic isolation Mechanical Isolation: male and female genitalia are not compatible. Gamete Isolation: gametes do not recognize / fertilize each other (eg. zona pellucida on mammalian oocytes). Hybrid Mortality (inviability): hybrid zygote is not viable and does not survive past the embryonic stage (often due to different chromosome numbers). postzygotic isolation Hybrid Sterility: hybrid zygote sterile (infertile). Hybrid F1/F2 Breakdown: offspring of hybrids have decreased fitness. A farmer has two true-breeding apples, one dominant and one recessive. The color red is dominant, and the spotted skin appearance is recessive. The farmer crosses the two apples to create F1, and all the apples are red. One of the F1 apples is then crossed with C. 1 red : 1 spotted a spotted apple. What is the ratio of red to spotted apples in F2? A. 4 red : 0 spotted Tt x tt B. 3 red : 1 spotted C. 1 red : 1 spotted D. 1 red: 3 spotted E. 0 red : 4 spotted True-breeding organisms are ___ for all the genes of interest related to a given homozygous phenotype. What is the purpose of a linkage map? A. Probability two genes get inherited together A. Probability two genes get inherited B. Probability that linkage occurs at a specific chromosomal location together C. Find genes that cross over in meiosis D. Find genes linked on different chromosomes map units A linkage map uses ___ ___ to infer the probability that two genes get inherited together. Excessive bone resorption will lead to which of the following? A. Decreased blood phosphorus levels C. Increased blood calcium levels B. Decreased circulating calcitonin C. Increased blood calcium levels D. Increased circulating parathryroid hormone https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 25/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet ___ ____ is the process by which osteoclasts break down bone tissue, leading to increased Bone resorption / calcium / phosphorus blood ___ and ____ levels. What is the product of indeterminate cleavage? A.Animal pole B. Totipotent cell B. Totipotent cell C. Pluripotent cell D. Vegetal pole E. Multipotent cell A ___ cell is able to develop into any cell type, including extraembryonic membranes. totipotent / indeterminate This is associated with ___ cleavage A ___ cell is able to develop into any cell type but is not able to develop into extraembryonic tissues, such as the placenta, that are necessary for an entire organism pluripotent / determinate to grow. This is associated with ___ cleavage Which of the following will yeast produce in an anaerobic environment that they do NOT produce in the presence of oxygen? A. Lactic acid E. Ethanol B. ATP C. Glucose D. Pyruvate E. Ethanol acetaldehyde During anaerobic alcohol fermentation, ___ is the terminal electron acceptor. acetaldehyde ____ is then converted into ethanol, a process that frees up ____ which can then continue NAD+ glycolysis. During depolarization, Na+ channels are ___ and K+ channels are ____. open / closed closed / open During repolarization, Na+ channels are ____ and K+ channels are ____. The process during the action potential when sodium is rushing into the cell causing the depolarization interior to become more positive. Repolarization Period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron making it more negative The overall chemical equation of photosynthesis is the inverse of which metabolic process? A. Krebs cycle C. Cellular respiration B. Oxidative phosphorylation C. Cellular respiration D. Photorespiration E. Oxidative deamination A cell is grown in the presence of radioactive sulfur. Which of the contents will be radioactively labeled? A. DNA C. Proteins B. mRNA C. Proteins D. Lipids E. Glucose https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 26/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet A lake contains two different species of fish. One species occupies the shallower water D. resource partitioning. while the other occupies the deeper water. This is an example of A. allopatric speciation. they are co-existing in the same habitat (the B. intraspecific competition. lake) and consuming the same resources C. fundamental niche. while living in two different niches D. resource partitioning. E. density-independent factors. ___ ____ is where two species occupy only slightly different niches due to limited Resource partitioning resources. renin / angiogestin converting enzyme Angiogestin --> ____ --> Angiogestin 1 --> _____ --> Angiogestin 2 Angiotensin II ___ Na+ reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule and stimulates the increases / release additional ___ of aldosterone. Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of sperm? C. Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas A. Ejaculatory duct, epididymis, seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, urethra, penis deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis B. Epididymis, seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis C. Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis SEVEn UP D. Vas deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, seminiferous tubules, urethra, penis What anatomical structure forms the lower border of the thoracic cavity? A. Pelvis B. Intestines C. Diaphragm C. Diaphragm D. Lungs E. Rib cage In a western blot, how is the separated sample detected? A. RNA probe D. Antibodies B. DNA probe C. Phase contrast microscopy D. Antibodies SDS PAGE / antibodies Western blotting quantifies the amount of target protein in a sample using ___ ___ and ___. What can be inferred from the following phylogenetic tree regarding Avians? A. Avians, turtles, and humans are amniotes B. Turtles and avians share a more recent B. Turtles and avians share a more recent common common ancestor than turtles and humans ancestor than turtles and humans C. Turtles, humans, and sharks represent a polytomy D. Avians represent an outgroup A ___ represents a branching point of a single group with its most recent ancestor and all clade of its descendants. A cell from an iguana embryo's tongue was removed and then placed onto its leg region. This resulted in surrounding cells of that region of the leg to differentiate into taste bud cells. What term best describes this phenomenon? B. Induction A. Metaplasia B. Induction C. Dysplasia D. Metamorphosis ___ is the process in which one group of cells influences what neighboring immature induction cells become in the future. https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 27/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Which of the following is indicated by the red arrow in the image below? A. M-line B. Z-line B. Z-line C. H-zone D. A-band The ___ phase is characterized by the development of the egg and secretion of follicular estrogen from the follicle. The ___ phase is characterized by the secretion of estrogen and progesterone from the luteal corpus luteum. Which best demonstrates that colonizing bacteria have become antibiotic-resistant? A. More bacteria contain R-factors A. More bacteria contain R-factors B. Bacteria increase protein synthesis C. Nuclear membrane blocks antibiotics from reaching DNA D. Most bacteria possess an F-plasmid R-factors ____ are plasmids that contain antibiotic-resistant genes. Macrophages are developed from which of the following cells? A. Basophils B. Eosinophils D. Monocytes C. Lymphocytes D. Monocytes E. Neutrophils A national anthem singer inhales to hit a lengthy and powerful high note during practice. Which of the following statements describes an event that will take place in the singer's body as the note is sung? B. The volume of air released may approach A. The lungs' residual volume decreases vital capacity B. The volume of air released may approach vital capacity C. Contraction of the diaphragm D. Air passes from the pharynx to the larynx ___ ___ is the maximum volume of air that could be expired following a maximum inhalation. Vital capacity Which of the following is the most abundant leukocyte? A. Basophils B. Monocytes C. Neutrophils C. Neutrophils D. B cells E. Macrophages During oogenesis, what stimulates a human egg to complete meiosis I? A. Apoptosis B. Ovulation B. Ovulation C. Formation of a polar body D. Fertilization E. Menstruation Immature ovum is arrested in meiosis I until ___. puberty During ovulation, a primary oocyte is stimulated to complete meiosis I, producing a polar body large secondary oocyte and a ___ ___. https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 28/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet In a nephron, which of the following changes would increase the concentration of the filtrate in the collecting duct? A. Increase of water in the blood D. Increase in antidiuretic hormone B. Decrease in aldosterone C. Increase in cortisol D. Increase in antidiuretic hormone ___ is released by the posterior pituitary to increase water reabsorption from the filtrate, ADH resulting in more water retention and a more concentrated filtrate. ____ increases sodium reabsorption from the filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule and Aldosterone collecting duct. Which of the following is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome? A. Transposon A. Transposon B. Sigma factor C. Operon D. Inversion ___ are DNA sequences that can move and integrate to different locations within a Transposons genome. A dog trainer claps every time she feeds her dogs a treat. Similarly, children clap to gain the animals' attention. The dogs learn to ignore the latter. Which of the following correctly describes this behavior in dogs? C. Stimulus discrimination A. Negative reinforcement B. Habituation C. Stimulus discrimination D. Spontaneous recovery ___ ___ is the ability of an animal to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and Stimulus discrimination other similar, but different, non-conditioned stimuli. Mitochondria produce ATP through ___ ___. Chloroplasts produce ATP through the light- oxidative phosphorylation / photosynthesis dependent reactions of ___. Parafollicular cells, also called C cells, are endocrine cells in the ___. thyroid / calcitonin The primary function of parafollicular cells (C cells) is to secrete ___. Which of the following is a transmembrane protein that sends signals to the cell about the extracellular environment? A. Proteoglycan C. Integrin B. Collagen C. Integrin D. Fibronectin E. Laminin What is the function of acetylcholinesterase? A. Competitive inhibitor B. Picks up leftover acetylcholine C. Hydrolyzes acetylcholine C. Hydrolyzes acetylcholine D. Blocks vesicle exocytosis E. Sympathetic preganglionic neurotransmitter ___ is a secondary messenger in the cytosol that activates calcium channels opening and IP3 calcium release. https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 29/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet The egg of an angiosperm is most analogous to which of the following? A. Zygote of an ostrich B. Unfertilized ostrich egg B. Unfertilized ostrich egg C. Uterus of an ostrich D. Sperm of an ostrich E. Ovary of an ostrich Which of the following represents the gametes of an individual with genotype AaBb if crossing over does not occur? A. ¼ AABB + ½ AaBb + ¼ aabb D. ¼ AB + ¼ Ab + ¼ aB + ¼ ab B. ½ Aa + ½ Bb C. ½ AB + ½ ab Cross Aa x Bb D. ¼ AB + ¼ Ab + ¼ aB + ¼ ab E. ¼ AB + ½ Ab + ¼ ab (3%) All of the following statements about gram-negative bacteria are correct EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Have a second, outer cell membrane C. Contain teichoic acids B. Stain pink C. Contain teichoic acids D. Have a thin peptidoglycan layer E. Contain lipopolysaccharide Which of the following is true of the human lungs? A. The left lung has 2 lobes A. The left lung has 2 lobes B. The right lung is smaller than the left lung C. The lungs are the largest internal organ in the human body D. Pleura reduce lung surface tension The nitrogenous bases of opposing DNA strands interact through ___ bonding for hydrogen complementary base pairing and are located within the DNA helix. What would be expected if the male parent contributed more energy to the reproductive process compared to the female parent? C. Males would place more emphasis on A. Males would seek more mates offspring quality B. Males would mate more regularly C. Males would place more emphasis on offspring quality D. Males would exhibit greater sexual dimorphism In a typical mating process, males focus on the ___ of offspring, whereas females focus quantity / quality on the ___ of offspring to increase their fitness. A pond starts with 15 species inhabiting it. One species is removed from the pond, and after a year only three species remain. What type of species must have been removed? A. Autotroph D. Keystone species B. Primary consumer C. Secondary consumer D. Keystone species E. Heterotroph play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem, helping to determine Keystone species the types and numbers of other species in the community. A newborn goose follows a trainer and recognizes her as its mother. Which of the following best describes this behavior? A. Fixed action pattern D. Imprinting B. Operant conditioning C. Associative learning D. Imprinting E. Stimulus generalization https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 30/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Where on a flower does pollen land for germination? A. Stamen C. Stigma B. Anther C. Stigma D. Filament The ___ is the female plant sex organ, composed of a stigma, style, and ovary. pistil / stamen The ___ is the male plant sex organ, composed of the anther and filament. A series of natural floods eliminates over half of the population of ducks. The remaining population has shorter beaks than the original population. What best describes the phenomenon the duck population has experienced? A. Population bottleneck A. Population bottleneck B. Artificial selection C. Founder effect D. Mutation E. Gene flow The supported theory of evolution is ___ ___, that there are long periods of rest and short punctuated equilibrium spurts of evolutionary changes. Which of the following best explains why a pair of monozygotic twins would have a different susceptibility to the same autoimmune disease? B. They have different epigenetics due to A. They have a different genetic code different environments B. They have different epigenetics due to different environments C. They have different single nucleotide polymorphisms D. They have different MHC molecules What is the function of the Casparian strip? A. Limits evaporation D. Control the flow of water through the B. Transports water throughout the plant roots C. Contributes to the cork cambium D. Control the flow of water through the roots E. Protects the apical meristem of the root The ___ ___ is a wax-like barrier found in plant roots that control the movement of water in Casparian strip roots. Route through the cell walls and intercellular spaces of plants by which water and apoplastic pathway dissolved substances are transported. route through the cytoplasm and plasmodesmata of plant cells by which water and symplastic pathway dissolved substances are transported. A newly formed zygote undergoes three cycles of division. What is the number of cells present and their size compared to the original zygote? A. 3 cells that are smaller D. 8 cells that are smaller 2^3=8 B. 3 cells that are larger C. 6 cells that are the same size D. 8 cells that are smaller E. 8 cells that are larger increases / decreases Cleavage ___ the number of cells while the size of each cell ___. All of the following are true of protein denaturation EXCEPT for one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Can occur due to pH changes D. Can retain partial function while B. Can be a reversible process denatured C. Temperature changes can induce denaturation D. Can retain partial function while denatured E. Primary structure is retained https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 31/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet What is the function of bile? A. Neutralize gastric juice B. Digest fats C. Emulsify fats C. Emulsify fats D. Secrete mucus E. Digest proteins Which of these cells is the most differentiated? A. Blastocyst B. Neoblast C. Myocyte (or Lymphocyte) C. Myocyte D. Morula E. Gastrula myocyte A ___ is a muscle cell It is the most specialized, and differentiated As an embryo develops, cells go from being ___ (stem cells) to being ___ (specialized, general / differentiated e.g. a lymphocyte or myocyte). If a host cell is infected by a virus, what might the host cell release to warn other nearby cells of the viral infection? A. Histamines D. Interferons B. Immunoglobulins C. MHC molecules D. Interferons E. Interleukins Embryonic mesoderm gives rise to which of the following structures in humans? A. Brain B. Skeletal muscle B. Skeletal muscle C. Epidermis D. Sweat glands E. Lining of the bladder What is the first intermediate formed during cellular respiration? A. Acetyl-CoA B. Pyruvate C. Glucose-6-phosphate C. Glucose-6-phosphate D. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) E. NADH Glycolysis, which produces G6P The first stage of cellular respiration Below is a diagram of a gene of interest. When the region indicated by the solid black box is bound by a transcription factor, expression of the gene product is reduced. Identify the solid black box and its transcription factor. B. Silencer, repressor A. Enhancer, repressor B. Silencer, repressor C. Enhancer, activator D. Silencer, activator The failure of which structure may lead to stomach contents entering the esophagus? A. Epiglottis B. Pharynx E. Cardiac sphincter C. Ileocecal sphincter D. Pyloric sphincter E. Cardiac sphincter pyloric sphincter The ___ ___ controls the release of contents from the stomach to the small intestine. https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 32/68