Articulation and Phonological Disorders PDF

Articulation and Phonological Disorders CHAPTER 1 The scope of the problem Articulation → motor based Phonology → ? (linguistically based) Speech Sound Disorders: Definition p. 3 “an umbrella term referring to any combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, and/or the phonological...

Articulation and Phonological Disorders CHAPTER 1 The scope of the problem Articulation → motor based Phonology → ? (linguistically based) Speech Sound Disorders: Definition p. 3 “an umbrella term referring to any combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, and/or the phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments…that impact speech intelligibility” The scope of the problem Asha’s Practice Portal: “Speech sound disorders is an umbrella term referring to any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments— including phonotactic rules governing permissible speech sound sequences in a language.” (Asha, n.d.) https://www.asha.org/PRPSpecificTopic.aspx?folderid=8589935321&section=Overview Speech Sounds Delay vs. Deviant (disorder) P. 3, 4 Delay refers to speech sound errors that are often noted as “normal” errors found in young children as they learn the proper use of sounds (e.g., lisps, misarticulations of /r/ or the affricates) but which persist in some children. Deviant refers to errors not typically observed in young children’s development (e.g., lateralization of sibilants, backing of alveolars,vowel errors) Why is studying articulation and phonological disorders important? → 75% of kindergartners referred for communication difficulties have articulation or intelligibility difficulties (Mullen & Schooling, 2010) Cause of the problem Mostly is Unknown! That’s why → need to categorize the disorders Speech Sounds Disorders https://www.asha.org/siteassets/pr actice-portal/speech-sounddisorders-articulation-andphonology/speech-sound-disordersumbrella.png The Structure of Language Speech: An organized set or system of sounds used for meaning. Language: A rule governed system to combine words into meaningful messages. Articulation: The act of producing sounds, major component of speech. Phoneme: sounds as part of a language system, p in English and not in Arabic. Morphemes: meaningful units in the language (combination of phonemes). Phonemic transcription: written between the slashes / /. In IPA and is less detailed. Phonetic transcription: written between brackets [ ]. In IPA and more detailed, will include allophones. Allophones: sound variation within a phoneme class (difference in the vowel a in man, bat) 2. Fundamental of articulation a. The Speech Mechanism: The Articulatory Anatomy- University of Iowa: https://soundsofspeech.uiowa.edu/ respiratory system → Larynx → Vocal tract (Speech Articulation). Controlled by the nervous system Cont. 2. Fundamental of articulation b. Vowels and Consonants: English Speech Sounds Website- University of Iowa: http://soundsofspeech.uiowa.edu/ Vowels are categorized in respect the the tongue position, High/Low, Front/back. Consonants are categorized in respect to manner, placement and voicing. Figure 2.8, p. 15 ASHA’s Phonemic Inventory English Phonemic Inventory https://www.asha.org/uploadedFiles/practice/multicultural/EnglishPhonemicInven tory.pdf Arabic Phonemic Inventory: https://www.asha.org/uploadedFiles/practice/multicultural/ArabicPhonemicInvent ory.pdf 1 2 3 4 5 6 Edwards, H.T. (1992). In the book, /r/ is classified as rhotic. Amayreh & Dyson (1998 & 2003) Cont. 2. Fundamental of articulation C. Suprasegmentals Also known as the (Prosodic features) Stress, intonation, loudness, pitch level, Juncture: vocal punctuation, Speaking rate. Activity: Read this phrase in 5 different ways using different suprasegmentals: I am going to the mall 3. Coarticulation Interaction of sounds in context. Influence of sounds on one another. E.g., the /s/ and /n/ in: He sneezed Vs. He snoozed (unrounding vs. rounding of the lips during the cluster production) Types: - Anticipatory Coarticulation: The vowel in man Vs. mat ◦ The quality is changed in preparation for following sound. - Retentive Coarticulation: The vowel in “me” is nasalized. ◦ The quality is kept after the influencing sound had occurred.