Week 4 State and Government PDF

STATE AND GOVERNMENT WEEK 4 GEED20023 Saturday 10:30 am – 1:30 pm LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to: 1. Define the meaning of State 2. Enumerate and discuss the elements and origin of state 3. Define and understand the different...

STATE AND GOVERNMENT WEEK 4 GEED20023 Saturday 10:30 am – 1:30 pm LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to: 1. Define the meaning of State 2. Enumerate and discuss the elements and origin of state 3. Define and understand the different forms of government WHAT IS A STATE? 1. Community of persons more or less numerous. 2. Permanently occupying a definite portion of territory 3. Having a government of their own 4. Enjoying freedom from external control  ELEMENTS OF STATE PEOPLE It refers to the inhabitants living in the state TERRITORY It is the domain of the state may be described as terrestrial, fluvial, maritime and aeria GOVERNMENT It refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out. SOVEREIGNTY It is the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from people within its jurisdiction, and to have freedom from external control. Two Manifestions: Internal and External  ORIGIN OF THE STATE DIVINE RIGHT NECESSITY OR PATERNALISTIC SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY FORCE THEORY THEORY THEORY It holds that the It maintains that the It attributes the It asserts that the early state is of divine State must have origin of states to the states must have been creation and the been created enlargement of the formed by deliberate ruler is ordained by through force, by family which and voluntary compact God to govern the some great warriors remained under the among the people to people. who imposed their authority of the form a society and will upon the weak. father or mother. organize government for their common good. STATES DISTINGUISHED FROM NATION 1) The state is a political concept, while nation is an ethnic concept. 2) A state is not subject to external control while nation may or may not be independent of external control. 3) A single state may consist of one or more nations; a single nation may be made up of several states.  STATE DISTINGUISHED FROM GOVERNMENT 1) In common speech, they are usually regarded as identical. As ordinarily, the acts of the government (within the limits of the delegation of powers) are the acts of the state, the former is meant when the latter is mentioned, and vice versa. 2) The government is only the agency through which the states articulate its will. The former is the agent, the latter is the principal. 3) A state cannot exist without a government, but it is possible to have a government without a state. 4) A government may change, its form may change, but the state, as long as its elements are present, remains the same.  FORMS OF GOVERNMENT 1. AS TO NUMBER OF PERSONS EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWERS: Monarchy or one in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a Aristocracy - the political power is single person. It is classified into two: exercised by a few privileged class Absolute monarchy - ruler rules which is known as an aristocracy or by divine right. oligarchy. Limited monarchy - ruler rules in accordance with the constitution.  FORMS OF GOVERNMENT 1. AS TO NUMBER OF PERSONS EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWERS: 1. Direct or pure democracy - will of the state is formulated or expressed directly through the people in a mass meeting or assembly rather than though delegates or Democracy - in which political representatives. power is exercised by the a majority of the people. Democratic 2. Indirect, representative or republican democracy - government classified into: the will of the people is formulated or expressed through the agency of a small and select body of individual chosen by people to act as their representative. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT 2. AS TO EXTENT OF POWERS EXERCISED BY THE CENTRAL OR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT Unitary government - control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government. Federal government - powers of government are divided between two sets of organ, one for national affairs and other for local affairs.  FORMS OF GOVERNMENT 3. AS TO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT: Parliamentary government - the executive power belongs in the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. Under this system, the Cabinet or ministry is immediately and legally responsible to the legislature and immediately or politically responsible to the electorate. Presidential government - the executive power is exercised by a single president elected by popular vote. He holds his office for a specific period of time as fixed by the constitution. Appoints member of his cabinet as his alter egos. PURPOSE AND NECESSITY OF GOVERNMENT 1. Advancement of the public welfare (a) the protection of society and its members, the security of persons and property, the administration of justice, the preservation of the state from external danger, dealings of the state with foreign powers. (b) the advancement of the physical, economic, social, and cultural well being of the people.  PURPOSE AND NECESSITY OF GOVERNMENT 2. Consequence of absence It is obvious that without an organized structure of government, anarchy and disorder, and a general feeling of fear and insecurity will prevail in society, progress and development will not be possible, and values taken for granted in a free modern society such as truth, freedom, justice, equality, rule of law, and human dignity can never be enjoyed.