Types of Political Organizations PDF

**Types of Political Organizations:** **Bands** are societies that were composed of fairly small and nomadic groups of people. In band, the local group or community is the largest group that acts as a political unit. This political organization is typically small with less than a hundred people bu...

**Types of Political Organizations:** **Bands** are societies that were composed of fairly small and nomadic groups of people. In band, the local group or community is the largest group that acts as a political unit. This political organization is typically small with less than a hundred people but occupies a large territory. A formal and permanent leader typically does not exist. **Tribal Organization** are a distinct people, dependent on their land for their livelihood, who are largely self-sufficient, and not integrated into the national society. It is perhaps the term most readily understood and used by the general public. The term tribe use to refer the whole society but a tribal political system does not permit the entire society to act as a unit, all the communities in a tribal society may be linked only occasionally for some political purpose. **Chiefdom Organization** is a form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families and "houses". It is sometimes hereditary and permanent. **State Organization** is an autonomous political unit, encompassing many communities within its territory and having a centralized government with the power to collect taxes, draft men to work or war, and decree and enforce laws. According to Max Weber, a state is a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintain a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain territory. **Types of Government:** **DEMOCRACY-** government legitimacy is derived from the popular perception that the elected government abides by democratic principles in governing and thus accountable to its people. **MONARCHY-** establishes the political legitimacy of the rule of the monarch (king or queen). **AUTOCRACY-** a government in which power to govern is held by one person. **Presidential Democracy:** **Executive**- President **Judiciary-** Supreme Court **Legislative-** Senates and Congress **5 Domains of Health** **Physical Health** Refers to the way that your body functions. This includes eating right, getting regular exercise, and being at your recommended body weight**.** **Psychological Health** Is the ability to recognize reality and cope with the demands of everyday lives**.** **Emotional Health** Is expressing your emotion in a positive and non destructive way**.** **Social Health** Is the quality of your relationshis with family, friends, teachers and classmates and others the child is in contact**.** **Spiritual Health** Refers to maintaining harmonious relationships with other living things and having spiritual direction and purpose. **DEPED-** Department of Education **ALS**- Alternative Learning System **CHED**- Commission on Higher Education **DOJ**-Department of Justice **UNESCO**- United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. Religion and Belief System All societies have a belief system that can be grouped into the term religion. Religion is the set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices pertaining to supernatural power, whether they are gods, spirit, ghost or demons which are supernatural beings. Supernatural being have two categories, non-human origin and human origin. Example of non-human origins are gods. Gods are sometimes anthropomorphic which means that it is conceived in the image of the person. Gods are believed to have created to themselves. For human origins are ghost, ghost are supernatural beings who were once human and ancestor spirits are ghosts of dead relatives. **Kinds of Religion in the World** **Supernatural Beings** Have two categories non-human origin and human origin. **ANIMISM** Animism-is a belief system of some indigenous tribal or peoples especially prior to development of organized religion. Although each culture has its own different mythologies and rituals, "animism" is said to describe the most common foundational thread indigenous peoples "spirituals" or "supernatural" perspectives. **POLYTHEISM** Polytheism refers to the worship of or belief in multiple gods usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses, along with their own religion and rituals. **MONOTHEISM** Generally means a religion with one god. It is a belief with one personal and transcendent God. **HENOTHEISM** **-** it normally means the exclusive worship of a tribal national deity which does not deny the reality of patron deities of other peoples, while elsewhere it often becomes a synonym for monolatry, that is belief in or the worship of one god without denying the existence of others. **KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE** Marriage means a socially approved sexual and economic union, usually between man and women. There are lot of rules governing types of marriages: **1. Monogamy** - it is a form of marriage in which one man marries one women. **2. Polygamy** - it is a form of marriage in which one is entitled to marry more partners. **1 Polygyny** - it is a form of marriage in which one man marries more than one woman at a given time. **Sororal Polygyny** - it is a type of marriage in which the wives are invariably the sisters. **Non-sororal Polygyny** - it is atype of marriage in which the wives are not related as sisters. **2 Polyandry** - it is the marriage of one woman with more than one man **Fraternal Polyandry -** when several brothers share the same wife the practice can be called alelphic or fraternal polyandry. **Non-Fraternal Polyandy** - in this tyoe the husband need not have any close relationship prior to the marriage. The wife goes to spend some time with each husband. 3\. **Group Marriage** - it means the marriage of two or more women with two or more men. **Endogamy and Exogamy** **Endogamy**- it is a rule of marriage in which the life partners are to be selected within the group. **Exogamy** - it is a rule of marriage in which an individual has to marry outside his own group. **CLANS** It is a set of kin whose members believe themselves to be descended from common ancestor but not specified. **Bank Account** One more way of transaction is through your bank accounts. Also known as a TRANSACTION ACCOUNT these types of account are deposit accounts held in a bank or any other financial institution that allow individuals available access to money through cash withdrawals, checks, and debit. Self-actualizing Person Is described to focus on concerns outside of themselves they appreciate the world around them with the sense of awe and wonder. **EDUCATION** Education is a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms. Every nation in the world is equipped with some form of education system, though those systems vary greatly. Education maybe formal or informal. **Formal education** describes the learning of academic facts and concepts through a formal curriculum. **Informal education** describes learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors by participating in a society. **Functions of Education in the Society** It is quite evident in the mindset of people that "**EDUCATION IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS**". Education is an essential part of the development of any country and society as this is the primary way of enlightening an individual with each face of life. The essential qualities that a person must have in order to sustain a good lifestyle are introduce to them early on in education. **Culture Specific Syndromes and Illnesses** **Bughat** is described as something that happens to a person that has recently healed from a sickness but then shortly gets sick again. **Usog**. This happens when an unsuspecting stranger greets you with an " Evil Eye". Usually usog happens to young children. Symptoms of usog are usually a development of fever and sometimes convulsions. Usog is caused by distress in the child with the visitors in his/her house. The theory states that a stranger inside the Childs house may cause distress and fear within the child. Thus the child is overpowered or nauusog by the stranger and may feel afraid or get sick. **TRADITIONAL MEDICINES and HEALING TREATMENT** The World Health Organization defines traditional medicines as " the sum total of the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement, or treatment of physical and illness. **WESTERN MEDICINE** These types of healing are the modern day practices of the medical world and are typically referred to as medical science. Surgery is a well-known forefront in western medicines. **ALTERNATIVE HEALING** Alternative medicine is a healing practice that has the effect of medicine but does not necessarily originate from medical practices or a scientific method. It consist of a wide range of healing practices, healthcare, therapies, and the like. These alternative healings are not backed-up by scientific facts but has still proven successful in healing illnesses and psychological strains. Example of these are Christian faith healing, traditional Chinese medicines, naturopathy, homeopathy, chiropractors and the like. **CORPORATIONS** Is known as a body of people acting as a single entity. It is created by a group of shareholders who have ownership of the corporation. **TRADE UNION** Were organized by workers to share in a mutual benefits between members. It is also known as Labor unions, are organization composed of workers and laborers who band together to protect the integrity of their trade, improve safety standards of their works, and achieve higher pay. **SOCIAL STATIFICATION** Is a society's categorization of people into socio economic strata based on their occupation, income, wealth and social status or derived power. **SOCIAL INEQUALITY** Patterns of an equal access to social resources.