Philippine Government PDF

**Scope of Political Science** Political Theory - focus on the development of the people Public Law - people can create a law if wanted by majority. - money should not be involved in creating law - have different degree (presidential, republic act, ordinance) Public administration -...

**Scope of Political Science** Political Theory - focus on the development of the people Public Law - people can create a law if wanted by majority. - money should not be involved in creating law - have different degree (presidential, republic act, ordinance) Public administration - how government implement theory/law - public service, good governance **Elements of State** - People - has no specific count/population - Government - a system - Territory - Vatican (smallest), Canada (biggest), not determined by population - Soveriegnty External - can communicate to other country Internal - control inside the country **Origin of State** - Divine Right Theory - based on divine providence. Evil is present when we live to remove the evil is to stop living - Social Contract Theory - created because people believe they have their own state - Paternalistic/Maternalistic Theory - may liberado, whoever the oldest gets to be the leader - Necessity/Force Theory - based on needs, ex. a group needs a leader Democratic principle - 50% + 1 Indigenous people - legitimate owner of land but no title Taiwan - not a state because has no external soveriegty **Forms of Government** According to Aristotle +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Positive** | | **Negative** | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Monarchy | 1 rulers | Tyrant | | | | | | 2 types: | | \- the leader make | | | | all the decision. | | 1. limited - have | | Don't care about the | | law that they | | welfare. Concubine. | | follow | | | | | | | | 2. absolute | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Aristrocracy | Few rulers | Oligarchy | | | | | | -have law everyone | | \- group would be the | | should be successful | | only one that benefit | | ex. Singapore | | e.g. Columbia | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Democracy | Many rulers | Mobocracy | | | | | | \- Philippines | | \- ruler doesn't | | | | exist to them e.g. | | | | Myanmar | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ Government during pre-colonial Baranganic - Balangay - 20 tao, 10 bernean datu Ruler 1. Datu 2. Rajah 3. Hadji 4. Hari 5. Sultan 6. Lakan - executive, malacanang (may lakan doon) 7. Council of elders - congress 8. Babaylan - justice, supreme court **Early Laws** Maragtas Code - may the best man win, trial by ordeal Kalantsaw Code - proper punishment depending on the gravity of the offense **Social Classses** 1. Maharlika - ruling elite 2. Women 3. Timawa - freeman 4. Alipin - namamahay -saguigilid Pamahalaan - from word bathala **Principle in 1917 constitution** -concepts of constitution \- constitutions of law vs. international law (supreme, \>) **Preamble -** institution of 1987 constitution 1. Almighty god 2. Sovereignty of the people **Revolutionary** 1. De Jure Government - legal/ thru electorial process 2. De Pacto Government - illegitimate, use of force, changing the constitution 3. Prenounciation of War - no war, will not start a war, accept war in defensive manner 4. Supremacy of civilian society than military 5. Separation of church and state 6. Recognition of importance of family as the basic social institution vital role of youth in nation building 7. Guarantee of human rights -liberty -due process when deprived -property 8. Rights to vote 9. Separation of powers 10. Local autonomy 11. Public service morality -respect your client 12. Rule of majority **Concept of Constitution** **-**Supreme of the land -Constitution law over International law **Other law** R.A. - republic act P.D. - presidential decree A.O. - administrative order E.O. - executive order Ordinance- from municipality/brgy. M.C. - memorandum circular **Constitution** ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- **Origin** **Form** **Manner of Arrangement** Conventional Enacted - unity of people Written in constitution, can change Rigid inelastic - can't be change, has position and amendment Cumulative Evolve Unwritten, verbal, can't be change Flexible elastic - can be change anytime ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------- **Main Parts of 1987 Constitution** Preamble - to walk away; not really a part Article I - National territory Article II - Principles of state Article III - Bill of Rights **CEN -** people need to meet **CEV -** from the decisions of their court **Removed laws in the constitution** 1. Historical Claim - Sabah Malaya 2. Debt - some provision were changed **Article I** - National territory **-**Philippine is an Archipelago - surrounded by bodies by water -has doctrine -UNCLOS -12 nautical miles - territory of ph; PAR; from shore to 12N \- 9 dash line of China is ineffective -V.F.A -visiting forces agreement **3 main domains** 1. Terrestrial - all land 2. Fluvial - bodies of water, territorial sea, insular shelves, subsoil, submarine areas ex. sea mount 3. Aerial - himpapawid, need clearance from CAAP **Article II** Declaration of Principles and State Policies -Democratic sec. I -State values every person; dignity sec. II -constructive dismissal -violates sec. II -protects the dignity of the person -Acknowledge women -section 14 -recognize role of women in nation building -adultery and concucbine -equal protection -Consciousness -sec. 15 -Labor force -Public service -free clearances -sec. 26 -Honesty, integrity, free from graft and corruption **Article III** -Bill or rights -Declaration of human rights CLASSES OF BILL OF RIGHTS 1. Natural - given by almighty -right to live, right to love 2. Constitutional Political - filing of candidacy, vote, suffrage (sec. 4) Civil - own name, education, divorce, annulment Socio-economic - own home, work 3. Statutory - own home, work **Sec I. No person must deprived life without due process** 1. Life - to live 2. Liberty - freedom 3. Property 4. Due process - by law 1. 2. - Illegal evidences are not accepted and convicted to forgery - No merit, no caught of action **Sec II. Unreasonable search** **Sec III. Privacy** 1. Communication -Permit -Waived of right has consent -Under of track/tap 2. Correspondence **Sec 4. Freedom** **-**Expression -Speech -Press -The right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances **Sec 5. Religious Freedom** -Can choose any religion **Sec 6. Liberty of abode and changing state** 1. Right to travel **Sec 8. The right of the people to form unions and association** **Sec 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.** 1. Power of eminent domain 2. Police Power 3. Power of taxation **Section 10. Contract** 1. Obligation of contract - know the content of contract