UCSP Module 7: Forms and Functions of State and Non-state Institution PDF

MODULE 7: Forms and Functions of State and Non-state Institution Understanding Culture, Society & Politics  STATE is an organized political community acting under a government and united by common set of laws. The State intends to be a strong actor in the performance of the thre...

MODULE 7: Forms and Functions of State and Non-state Institution Understanding Culture, Society & Politics  STATE is an organized political community acting under a government and united by common set of laws. The State intends to be a strong actor in the performance of the three important political functions. The state, in full form, 1. Maintains control over violence in its domain. 2. Allocates resources and rewards at its discretion, and 3. stands as the major focus of identity for the large majority of the people under its authority. Elements of the States  Elements of the States 1. POPULATION It is the people who make the state. Population is essential for the state. Without population there can be no state.  Elements of the States 2. Territory There can be no state without a fixed territory. People need territory to live and organize themselves socially and politically. It may be remembered that the territory of the states includes land, water and airspace.  Elements of the States 3. Government It is the organization or machinery or agency of the State which makes, implements, enforces, and adjudicates the laws of the state.  Elements of the States 4. Sovereignty It is the most exclusive elements of State. State has the exclusive title and prerogative to exercise supreme power over all its people and territory. It is the basis which the State regulates all aspects of the life of the people living in its territory. Forms of State a. Authoritarian Government Authoritarian governments differ in who holds power and in how control they assume over those who govern. Example of Authoritarian Government: Monarchy is a form of government in which supreme power is absolutely lodged with an individual, who is the head of the state, often for life or until abdication. Example of Authoritarian Government: Totalitarianism is a political system that strives to regulate nearly every aspect of public and private life. It theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the authority of the state B. Oligarchic Government An oligarchy is a form of government in which power effectively rests with a small- elite segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family, military, or religious hegemony. An oligarchy does not have one clear ruler, but several powerful people who rule. Example of Oligarchic Government: Theocracy Is a government by divine guidance or by official who are regarded as divinely guided. Leaders are members of the clergy, and the state’s legal system is based on religious law. Contemporary examples of theocracies include Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the Vatican. C. Democratic Government Democracy is a form of government in which the right to governs is held by the majority of citizens within a country or a state. All citizens have equal access to power and that all citizens enjoy universally recognized freedoms and liberties. Examples of democratic nations are Philippines, Norway, New Zealand, United States of America.  NONSTATE INSTITUTIONS are people and/ or organization that participate in international affairs and relations but are not affiliated with any state or nation. A. Banks Places or institutions where people place or deposit their money or saving with corresponding interest on a given period of time, or assets for safekeeping. FORMS OF BANK  Commercial Banks Financial deposit with security and convenience which could be in the form of credit cards, debit cards, and check. Provide business, individual, and personal loans, enabling commercial banks to earn interest  Investment Banks Financial intermediaries that performs a variety of services for businesses and some government. Make markets, facilities, mergers, and other corporate reorganizations B. Corporations It is a form of business operation that declares the business as a separate entity guided by a group of officers known as the Board of Directors.  TYPES OF CORPORATIONS  For-profit entities form most corporations, and they are formed to generate revenues and provide a return to their shareholders, according to their percentage of ownership in the corporation. Examples: HBO in partnership with International Rescue Committee, Ford Motors and Lynda.com.  Not-for-profit entities operate under the category of charitable organizations, which are dedicated to a particular social cause such as educational, religious, scientific, or research purposes. Human Rights Campaign is a very impressive example of using Facebook profile photos to spread the word far and wide about campaign.  Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are business organization that extends ownership, management, production, and sales activities into several or more countries. MNCs are boon to the economic growth and development of the states. C. Cooperatives Cooperatives are people-centers enterprises owned, controlled and run by and for their members to realize their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations. There are several common types of co-ops, including cooperatives owned and operated by: a. The people working there (worker cooperatives); b.The people buying the co-op’s goods or services (consumer cooperatives) c. The people collaborating to process and market their products (producer cooperatives); and d. Groups uniting to enhance their purchasing power (purchasing cooperatives) D. Trade Unions/ Labor Unions Trade Unions are organizations formed by workers from related fields that work for common interest of its members. They help workers in issues like fairness of pay, good working environment, hours of work and benefits. Functions of Trade Unions: 1. Advocating for fairness and equality for workers’ compensations 2. Securing better working conditions for workers 3. Trade Unions will organize strikes and demonstrations on behalf of worker demands 4. Fight for social welfare for workers 5. Promote and advocate for education and proper training for workers 6. Advocate and fight the government for legislative protections of the workers Functions of Trade Unions: 7. Promote and advocate for organizational growth and stability 8. Trade Unions acts as representatives of workers in national and international forums 9. Involved in collective bargaining agreements and disputes with management to settle any conditions on employment 10.Advising management on correct personnel policies and procedures 11.Involved in collective and personal collective grievances between management and workers. E. Transnational Advocacy Groups Groups/ networks that gives powerless constituents a voice in domestic and international lawmaking. Issues that motivates Advocacy networks: 1. Human Rights 2. Consumer rights 3. Women's rights 4. Enviromental rights 5. International peace Importance of Advocacy Groups They campaign on behalf of principled causes, sets of values and ideas, vulnerable constituencies, or environments. Provides a voice for civil society f. Development Agencies Development Agencies have been established to develop the cooperation between the public sector, private sector, and civil society. The common denominator among these organizations is the term development. These agencies concentrate on the growth, progression, and advancement of specific concerns, which can be infrastructure or social institutions.  TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES International Organization is an institution with membership drawn from two or more countries. Its activities transcend national boundaries as it facilitates cooperation among its members in the performance of one or more tasks.  2 main types of International Organization: Public organization - is an international government organization (IGO) with states as its members. Private organization - has a membership of individuals or groups and is an international nongovernment organization (INGO) that originate for reasons other than politics such as International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol). Non-government Organization is a non-profit group that functions independently of any government. It serves the social or political goals such as humanitarian and environmental causes. Interrelationship of Government and Non-state Institutions Government rules society. This reflects how powerful government institution can be. If nonstate institutions interfere with the governing body, two possible things can happen: 1. Integration among these two institutions may take place to achieve precise solution towards development 2. Conflict and tension may also arise because one could exceed the other in terms of societal control and influences (Penninx, 2013) Thank You for listening!