TME 100 1st Exam Coverage PDF

**TME 100 - 1^ST^ EXAM COVERAGE** LESSON 1: **What is Tourism?** - One of the fastest-growing and largest industries. - Defined as a "Social, cultural, and economic phenomenon" - Time-bound (24 hours but should not be a year) - Result in Tourism Expenditure - Means visitors should n...

**TME 100 - 1^ST^ EXAM COVERAGE** LESSON 1: **What is Tourism?** - One of the fastest-growing and largest industries. - Defined as a "Social, cultural, and economic phenomenon" - Time-bound (24 hours but should not be a year) - Result in Tourism Expenditure - Means visitors should not be compensated while in the area visited **Components of Tourism System** **Tourism Impacts** - Economic - Socio-cultural - Environmental **Economic Impacts** **Positive:** - Employment - Income - Investment and Development **Negative:** - Inflation - Economic Instability **Socio-cultural Impacts** **Positive:** - Improvement in the standards of living a better educational opportunities. - Increased knowledge and appreciation of other. **Negative:** - Social Crimes - Loss of innate culture. - Employment distortion/underemployment. - Overdependence on Tourism. **Environmental Impacts** **Positive:** - Awareness of preservation and conservation - Provision of Infrastructure **Negative:** - Congestion - Overcrowding - Pollution - Accumulation of garbage - Damage to Natural Landscapes - Intrusion of Natural Habitats and Wildlife Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality Industry - Often interchange, but tourism is bigger than hospitality. - Largest sector of tourism: Hospitality LESSON 2: **What are the tourism sectors?** - Accommodations - Transportation - Destination - Attractions - Intermediaries **ACCOMODATIONS** - known as the HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY, to provide room for or a place to sleep. - The food and beverage service aspect of the industry is availed by travelers at all points. - Major impacts are felt in the hospitality industry, but mostly on economic and environmental aspects. **TRANSPORTATION** - Most integral part of tourism as it involves travel. - **Three components of transportation:** origin, movement, and destination. - **Transportation results in the three impacts:** economic, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects. **INTERMEDIARIES** - Act as the go-between or middlemen in transactions between the tourists and the suppliers of the Tourism Industry. - Have little effect on the tourism environmental impacts, but are largely felt in the economic and socio-cultural aspects **DESTINATION** - Main locations that travelers intend to visit. - **Tourist Destination Region** will supply the needs and activities of the tourists and will achieve their purpose for traveling. - Where the tourism impacts are felt the most. **ATTRACTIONS** - Pocket activities and/or places that visitors do and see once at the destination. - **Two main classifications of attractions:** natural or man-made. **LESSON 3:** **The Tourist Experience** - A tourist consumes an experience -- holistic experience. - When the tourist goes back home, he brings with him memories of his experience made up of the food he ate, the transportation he used, the hotel he slept in, the sites that he saw, and the souvenirs that he bought. **Types of Tourism Based on Purpose of Travel:** - Leisure - Business - Education - Special Interest Tourism **Types of Tourism Based on Activities Engaged In:** - Visiting Friends and Relatives - Religious - Culture and Heritage - Adventure - Nature-based - Ecotourism - Shopping - Sports - Gaming **LESSON 4:** **Definition of Tourism Products and Services** - **Product** -- anything of value that meets a specific need. It may come in a form of: 1. **Necessity** -- something we cannot do without; or 2. **Luxury** -- something that we can forego if we do not have the budget for it. - In consumer marketing, a PRODUCT is anything that can be offered to market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy a want or need. - Tourism products are products and services that are not consumed on a daily basis. These products and services may be combined to make up the overall tourism product. - A tourism product refers not only to tangible products but to service as well. A service is something that a customer cannot see prior to purchase. **Characteristics of Tourism Product** - **Intangible** -- products that cannot be touched, smelled, tested, felt, or heard prior to purchase. - **Inseparable** -- products that cannot be separated from the consumer. - **Variable** -- tourism experience is likely to be different depending on the time the product is availed. - **Perishable** -- unlike consumer products with which unsold inventory can be kept and stored for sale again the next day, most tourism products cannot be carried over to the next day. **Components of the Tourism Product** - **Destination Attractions** -- elements of tourism product that pulls people to a destination. - **Destination Facilities** -- these will help the tourists enjoy the destination attractions. - **Accessibility** -- infrastructure services and transportation systems should be put in place. - **Images** -- helps the visitors form expectations of what they will experience when they are in the destination. - **Price** -- it allows consumers to determine the level of services they may receive in the destination. **Product Types** - **Core products** -- products that consumer is really buying. (E.g., hotel room) - **Facilitating products** -- are goods and services that must be present for the guest to enjoy and use the core product. (E.g., check-in/check-out) - **Supporting products** -- add value to the core product and help differentiate it from its competitors (competitive advantage). (E.g., business center and room service) - **Augmented products** -- help the consumer consider the product over other products because these include product accessibility, geographical location and hours of operations, atmosphere, customer satisfaction, and customer interactions with each other. (E.g., interaction with service provider and other customers) **LESSON 5:** **Information-seeking Behavior of Customers** - Customers seek information mainly to help in the decision-making process. - Tourism products are considered to be high involvement products which is expensive, complex, and unrepeatable. - Complex products are also difficult to purchase. Travel packages can be considered as complex due to the variety of available products and services. - When one purchases travel products, sourcing of information is very important. The availability of different sources of information helps the consumer arrive at a good decision. **Traditional Sources of Information** **Traditional Sources of Information** **New Media Sources of Information** **Automated Information System** - combination of computer hardware, computer software, data, or telecommunications that performs functions such as collecting, processing, storing, transmitting, and displaying information. - In tourism, **online travel agency websites and airline websites** for online bookings may be considered as automated information systems. **Basic steps in operating an automated information system** - Identify an automated system that is reputable and easy to navigate. There are websites that consolidate information on various tourism products. A wide array of hotel and resort rooms are available in sites such as Hotels.com or TripAdvisor.com. - Using search engines such as Google and Yahoo, type in your website of choice.Click your item of interest. - Encode the date of travel since prices normally vary depending on the date of the booking as well as the date when the booking was made. **Points to remember when using automated information systems** - Online platforms are good places to research and compare product types, availability, cost and other pertinent information. - Take time to read the comments posted by various guests. This will help give prospective clients ideas on what to expect from the service provider. - Prices are subject to change if booking has not been finalized. - Save the information in a separate file for easier reference in the future. This may be done through copy-paste commands or print screen. - When using photos and information from websites to show to prospective clients, always acknowledge the source and when it was accessed. This way, it would be easy to get back to it in the future. Taking note of the date it was accessed will help keep track of probable changes in the site the next time you visit it. - Make sure you have encoded the accurate information before finalizing any quote or making a booking. **Stages of Decision-Making** **LESSON 6:** **What is Promotion?** - coordination of all seller-initiated efforts to set up channels of information and persuasion to sell goods and services or promote an idea. - Goal: close the sale. **Advertising** - Any paid form of non-personal communication about an organization, product, service, or idea by an identified sponsor. **Objectives of Advertising** - **Informative Advertising** -- used when introducing a new product to build up primary demand for the product. - **Persuasive Advertising** -- used when competition is stiff. - **Reminder Advertising** -- very important for products that have reached the maturity stage. **Direct Marketing** - An interactive system of marketing that uses one or more advertising media to affect a measurable response. **Elements of a direct marketing campaign** - **List** -- contains all the names and contact information of your target market. - It is important to customize and personalize the **Message.** - The **Offer** should be interesting and worth it for the prospective customer to consider making a purchase. **Measures of Success** - The number of inquiries generated; - The ratio of conversions or purchases realized from inquiries generated; and - Its communication impact. **Digital Marketing** - Computer-mediated communications that includes the use of internet for social media, company websites, travel websites, group buying sites, and online auctions. **TOP 10 MOST VISITED WEBSITES IN THE PHILIPPPINES** 1. Facebook 2. Google.com 3. Google.com.ph 4. YouTube 5. Yahoo 6. Blogspot 7. Wikipedia 8. Twitter 9. Olx 10. WordPress **Kinds of Digital Marketing** - Social Media (E.g., Facebook, Instagram, Twitter) - Company Websites - Travel Websites (E.g., TripAdvisor, Yahoo Travel, Expedia) - Group Buying Sites (Groupons) (E.g., CashCash Pinoy, Metro Deal, Deal Grocer) **Sales Promotion** - Direct inducement that offers an extra value or incentive for the product to the sales force, distributors, or the ultimate consumer with the primary objective of creating an immediate sale. **Types of Sales Promotion** - Coupons - PackSamples - Ages - Premiums - Patronage Rewards - Point Purchase - Contests and Games **Personal Selling** - Refers to individualized seeking to key accounts.