Region Ii: Cagayan Valley During Spanish Period PDF

REGION II CAGAYAN VALLEY DURING SPANISH PERIOD  PRESENTED BY: CHARLES JOSHUA D. PENES BSA-3B  Introduction BATANES Cagayan is one of the earl...

REGION II CAGAYAN VALLEY DURING SPANISH PERIOD  PRESENTED BY: CHARLES JOSHUA D. PENES BSA-3B  Introduction BATANES Cagayan is one of the earliest provinces established in the Spanish colonial period covering the whole northeastern part of the island of Luzon which includes the present provinces of Isabela, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Batanes and portions of Kalinga and Apayao, plus some small CAGAYAN islands on the Balintang channel, and was known as ‘La Provincia de Cagayan.’ ISABELA NEUVA VIZCAYA QUIRINO GEOGRAPHICAL Fr. Julian Malumbres in his Historia De Cagayan states that chronicles of Cagayan assert that the first Spanish explorers came into the Valley by way of the original mouth of the Cagayan River. It is said that at the time the mouth of the river as well as the shores of the lagoon abound with tagay trees, hence the place was known as Catagayan. Gradually, for convenience of pronunciation the shortened Cagayan. Region 2 or the Cagayan Valley is strategically located on the northeastern part of mainland Luzon. Land area of 26,388 square kilometers West-Cordillera Mountain range, East-Sierra Madre, South-Caraballo Mountains, and North-Luzon Strait.  GEOLOGICAL The bedrock foundation of the slopes of Cagayan is miocene to pliocene sedimentary bedding (formed 7 to 25 million years ago) which includes shale, sandstone, siltstone and limestone. Remnants of coral and other marine organisms are present in the bedding. CLIMANIC The provinces of the region have two seasons: dry from December to May and wet the rest of the year. Average annual rainfall is 2,500 millimeters. Due to the region´s high altitude and the interior position of its valleys, it has greater seasonal changes compared with other regions of the country.  RELIGION In 1581, Captain Juan Pablo Carreon arrived in Cagayan with a hundred fully equipped soldiers and their families by order of Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñaloza, the fourth Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines. The expeditionary force was sent to explore the Cagayan Valley, to convert the natives to Catholicism, and to establish ecclesiastical missions and towns throughout the valley. SOCIAL, CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL HISTORICAL During the Spanish era, Cagayan Valley had a larger territory than today, then named Provincia de Cagayan. Then it included the territories of the above-mentioned provinces and the eastern parts of the Cordillera provinces of Apayao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, Ifugao and Benguet, and the north part of Aurora. PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR IVATAN HOUSE The typical representation of an Ivatan house (heritage house of Batanes) is a house made of stone, lime, wood and thatch roof made of cogon. These structures use stones of varying sizes from gravel to boulders.. Stones are piled and bound together by applying lime mortar, forming a strong, interlocking edifice. The building system allows for a larger floor area and a two-storey frame. A reflection of the history of Batanes, the Ivatan houses were introduced by the Spanish conquerors and first appeared in the 18th century. Before Spaniards arrived in the Philippines, Ivatans built their houses from cogon grass. These homes were small, well- situated, and designed to protect against strong winds. PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR RAHAUNG This developed from the primitive kamadid or camarin, a basic shelter consisting of a two slope (Aframe) roof resting on the ground. Timber logs were used as posts to elevate the A-frame and thus emerged the Rahaung shelter. The roof construction is similar to the Lagatiti. Reeds are used to clamp the thatch. This time, however, more layers of alternating thatch and reeds are used forming a thicker roof system. It may have no walls, although in a variation of this house type, the front and rear areas of the Aframe sometimes have wall- like barriers made of thatch. This house type is used as a multi-purpose shelter to house boats or as a shed for various work activities PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR JINJIN Jinjin’s are primarily used as a seasonal shelter in fishing villages such as Diura Village in Batan Island. These houses provide refuge and sometimes serve as storage where smoked fish are cured during fishing season. They are left unoccupied when the tenants return to the mainland until the next fishing season starts.  PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR BASILICA MINORE OF OUR LADY OF PIAT is one of the twelve minor Basilicas in the Philippines, it is located in the outskirts of Piat in the Province of Cagayan. is a 16th-century Roman Catholic icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary enshrined in a minor basilica situated in Piat, Cagayan, Philippines. The Basilica of Our Lady of Piat is located in the town of Piat, 41 kilometers (25 mi) northwest of Tuguegarao City The Basilica of Our Lady of Piat features a unique entrance arch. It is located at the back of the church, and one has to go around from the entrance to see the church facade. The basilica has a simple facade flanked to the left by a tall belfry. The church structure is mainly made of red bricks.  PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR BASILICA MINORE OF OUR LADY OF PIAT The interiors have a curved ceiling made of wood with historical images and accounts at the top of the walls. Enshrined at the altar is the Blessed Virgin Mary covered in a glass case. At the back of the church is a staircase that leads to a window located behind the case of the Virgin Mary wherein devotees can touch the dress of Our Lady.  PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR SAINT MATTHIAS PARISH CHURCH It is a roman catholic church in the municipality of Tumauini Isabela, The church is known for its brick Baroque-style architecture. It became a separate parish independent from Cabagan under the advocacy of Saint Matthias in 1751. The first church made of nipa and other light materials was built by the Dominican priest Francisco Nuñez in 1707. It was completed in 1805. Tumauini is an ultra-baroque church known for its extensive use of red bricks on its exterior and interior ornamentations. The church building is made entirely of ornately designed red bricks in its façade and its interior walls.  PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR SAINT MATTHIAS PARISH CHURCH The façade is flanked by two pseudo-Corinthian columns and niches, one located above the entrance and the two remaining larger niches on each side of the columns. The church's circular pediment is unique relative to all other churches built during the Spanish Era. Belfry - Attached to the church's façade is a unique cylindrical belfry built in 1805, It is the only known Spanish colonial era cylindrical tower in the country. Convento-The ruins of the church's convento (clergy house) are located on the gospel side of the church  PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR SAINT DOMINIC DE GUZMAN CATHEDRAL Commonly known as Bayombong Cathedral, is an 18th-century, Baroque Roman Catholic church located at Brgy. Salvacion, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. The cathedral, which is the seat of the Diocese of Bayombong, is under the patronage of Saint Dominic and was originally founded in 1739 by the Augustinian Friars of Spain. The façade, with its squat appearance, is divided into four sections by cornices. The façade is ornamented with two windows on the second level (flanking a saint's niche) and an oculus on the third level. The slightly-detached, octagonal campanile is also distinct to the church of Bayombong PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR TUGUEGARAO CATHEDRAL Saint Peter Metropolitan Cathedral, commonly known as Tuguegarao Cathedral, is an 18th-century Baroque Roman Catholic church located along Rizal Street, Barangay Centro 10, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Philippines. The current church is attributed to Antonio Lobato, who initiated the construction in 1761 and was completed in 1768. The reason why it is called "Cathedral" is because of the chair of the archbishop The cathedral's façade is described as whimsical and playful. Other notable architectural features of the church are consistently repeated on many of its parts and on the Ermita de San Jacinto, a Spanish-era brick chapel located on the opposite site of the Tuguegarao city proper.  PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR TUGUEGARAO CATHEDRAL Found on the façade and bell tower. Found on the façade and majority of windows on the structure Found on both interior and exterior of the structure outlining windows and columns. The main focal point of the façade is the deeply recessed oculus. To the left of the church rises the five-storey quadrilateral bell tower. The tower mirrors motifs from the façade such as the PILASTERS WITH ALTERNATING pilasters and framed windows. Blind windows can be found on SOLOMONIC DESIGN the base. The bell tower is topped with a roofed canopy and a cross. SEMICIRCULAR ARCH WINDOWS FRAMED WITH FINIALS AND A TRIANGULAR PEDIMENT MOLDED BRICKS PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR MAHATAO CHURCH San Carlos Borromeo Parish Church, commonly known as Mahatao Church, is a Roman Catholic church located in Mahatao, Batan Island, Batanes, Philippines. The earliest church in Mahatao was constructed in 1787. It was initially made of light materials but underwent modifications that by the time Mahatao evolved from being a visita to a vicariate under Fr. Tomas Sanchez albeit unofficially in 1789, the first stone church in Mahatao was built. The church is made of stone and lime, common building materials in Batanes. An espadaña belfry is located on top of the facade's pediment with one of its bells dated 1874. The church has uneven wall thickness due to addition of step buttresses and even buttress walls. Its interiors, decorated in Baroque style, showcase floral designs sunburst ornaments painted in polychrome and gilt which lends a golden glow among the statuary. PHILIPPINES ARCHITECTURE VERNACULAR TUGUEGARAO CATHEDRAL THE MAIN RETABLO HOUSES IMAGES OF FACADE CHURCH INTERIOR SAINT CHARLES BORROMEO  CONTEMPORARY BALAY NA SANTIAGO Balay na Santiago is a barangay hall (the smallest administrative division in the Philippines) that was transformed into a museum showcasing the city’s genteel past. The structure itself is also a sight to behold. It is built like a bahay na bato, an architectural style that dates back to the Spanish colonial period. It was associated with affluent families with stature in society.  CONTEMPORARY BALAY NA SANTIAGO  CONTEMPORARY MODERN (BAHAY NA BATO) This is the modern version of the traditional hut. Although its design has changed in recent times, it still retains the architectural basis of the hut, which is adapted to the tropical climate, stormy weather, and the earthquake-prone environment of the entire archipelago, and combined this under the influence of the Spanish conquerors and Chinese traders.  CONTEMPORARY TAYID LIGHTHOUSE Built on the early 2000’s, this is another must-visit spot in Batanes. It’s breathtakingly exquisite, simply captivating. Design wise, this lighthouse is unique in terms of shape as it possesses a hexagonal base. Most lighthouses in the province have circular bases. THANK YOU