Purposive Communication Reviewer.pdf

Purposive Communication The word communication originated from the two Latin words, communis that means “to make common” and Chapter 1: Communication Processes of Principles...

Purposive Communication The word communication originated from the two Latin words, communis that means “to make common” and Chapter 1: Communication Processes of Principles communicare which is defined as “to share”. What is Communication? - According to Hamilton (2005), communication is a process of sharing experiences among Communication is a human act of sending people that is clear and understandable. (verbal or nonverbal; online of offline) and receiving of - Communication can also defined as a systematic messages where interpretations are normally constructed process by which people interact through the in the process. Communication is a natural activity of exchange of verbal and nonverbal symbols to people. create and interpret meanings. How to acquire language? The Communication Process 1. Mother tongue - Language acquired while growing up Channel - First language 2. Language Acquisition Encoded Decoding message message - While growing up, people acquire the language used in the community. There are two kinds of communication climate: Sender Receiver positive and negative communication climate. Feedback - In a positive communication climate, you would find it easier to express your thoughts and feelings, solve problems, and make good There are five (5) basic elements of the communication decisions. process: - In a negative communication climate, there is tension and uneasiness. Sender Message Three Sensory Process Types 1. Visual – People who use this sensory process Channel use pictures in their minds when storing messages and remembering information. Receiver 2. Auditory – People who use this sensory process focus on sounds when they store information in their minds. They learn by listening well. Feedback 3. Kinesthetic – People who use this sensory process rely on touch sensations when storing information. ENCODE – translation of an idea into words/actions. Why do people understand the language in the Speech DECODE – interpretation of the received codes. Community? People share the same set of rules in the language system. 1. Grammar 2. Phology 3. Lexicon  There are two kinds of communication climate: positive and negative communication climate. - In a positive communication climate, you would find it easier to express your thoughts and feelings, solve problems, and make good decisions. - In a negative communication climate, there is tension and uneasiness. Does communication STOP? NO. Week 2: Elements of Communication Justification: Even if you are stationary, your silence or immobility still sends a message that may be interpreted by your receivers in may ways. Their responses will then Lexical Components be interpreted by you. The cycle continues. NOISE refers to an interference in a conversation. There “All the great speakers were bad speakers at first.” are two types of noise: External and Internal. Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1860 1. Any disturbance by people or the environment is an external noise (e.g., car honking, friends chatting loudly, cold temperature, squeaky chair). The lexical or verbal component of communication 2. Internal noise happens when your self-talk refers to the word or chain of words used to create and/or condition of your body become barriers meaning. Lexical components are words, parts of words, for your communication (e.g., mental/emotional phrasal verbs, collocations, idioms, and sentence frames. disturbance because of a family problem, illness, hunger). Words are unique meaningful component of speech. Words may be used alone or with others to form Purposive Communication a sentence. It is an intentional communication that happens Examples: Communication shuttle within the bounds of specific contexts. speed along record Includes: - Setting and Environment Parts of words denote a single letter or more, a - Social relations, social gatherings prefix, or a suffix added to words. - Scenes, culture Examples: s in desks dis in disagree Therefore: Context should be intentional or purposive. es in boxes al in national  Phrasal verbs are verbs followed by a words. It includes: body language, proxemics, preposition or an adverb. paralanguage, presuppositions, and cultural and environmental conditions. Examples: drop by turn off reach out take back Body language is a kind of non-lexical communication where you express ideas or messages Collocation are a pair or group of words paired using your body. It includes: Gestures, facial habitually, that they sound correct together. expressions, eye contact and body stance. Examples: make coffee get together take time heavy rain a. Gestures are usually hand or head movements that indicate a specific meaning or support an idea so you can better persuade Idioms is a group of words or a phrase with a others. symbolic rather than literal meaning. Examples: All ears b. Facial expressions are body language Meaning: Fully listening and paying using facial muscles. Even without uttering a attention. word, you can transmit your thoughts to others Ex: “Go ahead, I’m all ears. Tell me what’s via facial expressions. It usually shows emotions been on your mind.” such as anger, surprise, contempt, etc. Sentence frames are a group of words that Techniques: provide a structure or a skeleton for a complete sentence. - Intensify. This technique involves using Examples: “If ____________, then _____________.” exaggerated facial muscles to show strong emotions. - De-intensify. This technique involves Week 3: Elements of Communication controlling your feelings because you might hurt someone, or you do not want people to notice Non-Lexical Components how you feel. - Neutralize. This technique involves not showing “Actions speak louder than words…” any feelings while talking to somebody. - Mask. This technique involves wanting to convince somebody to do something; when we The non-lexical or nonverbal components of ask a favor from that person; or when we do not communication refers to delivering messages without  want to hurt hid feelings. With the intention of moaning, groaning, sucking, sneezing, sighing, convincing or persuading others. and hiccups. 2. Vocal qualifies include tone, tempo, rhythm, pitch, volume, intensity, and extent. c. Eye Contact means looking directly at 3. Vocal segregates include sound like “uh-uh”, your audience’s eyes. Making eye contact while “mmm”, “uh”, and even silent pauses. conversing with the person or speaking in front of audience. Be careful that you don’t look at someone too long, making that person Presuppositions is an assumption of something uncomfortable. you believe is implied in an utterance; it happens without d. Body stance, or how you sit or stand in confirmation. When one uses a presupposition, one front of a person or an audience can rely lessens the words to say. But a presupposition should be information about your personality traits. mutually known or assumed by the speaker and addressee. Proxemics refers to the study of people’s use of space. It pertains to the nearness or closeness of one Culture refers to the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., communication to another, or a speaker to a of a particular society, group, place, or time. group/audience. Environmental conditions refer to the strength Proxemics Zones: of the influence of various factors in a particular place or time. Intimate Personal Social Public Types of Communication According to Hall (1966): the intimate zone (0’’ -1.5”), the personal zone (1.5” -4”); the social zone (4” Intrapersonal communication is the type of -12”); and the public zone (12” - infinity). Each defines communication we use when we talk to or communicate and identifies the person or audience you communicate with ourselves. with. Interpersonal communication is the type of Paralanguage alters the meaning and reflects communication with another person or group. It involves one’s impression of the person he/she is talking with. both verbal and nonverbal communication channels. Three Groups of Paralanguage: 1. Vocal Characterizers include the vocal aspect The different forms of interpersonal of the following actions: yawning, whispering, communication are dyadic, small group, and public snoring, yelling, laughing, smiling, crying, communication.  1. Dyadic communication occurs when two people communicate face to face. 2. Small group communication occurs when three or more individuals connected with mutual objectives, purpose, or identity are communicating. 3. Public communication is the type of communication that occurs when a person delivers a speech in a public setting. The following are three reasons speaker would deliver a speech in public: ✓ To entertain – to have the audience appreciate the event. ✓ To inform – to aid the audience in grasping and remembering the presentation. ✓ To persuade – to convince the audience to believe the things presented. Examples: Conferences Seminars Speech Public statements Mass Communication is called the “one is to many” type of communication that uses media to communicate to a mass audience. Medium for mass communication can be classified into two: old media and new media. Old media include books, newspapers, magazines, and other forms of printed media, radio, television and film. New media, on the other hand, include computers and their technologies.