Anaphy-prelims.pdf

Communication Process, Principles, and Ethics Principles and characteristic of communication (Week 1) 1. Communication is Schemata-Driven Communication - communication begins within yourself; you be...

Communication Process, Principles, and Ethics Principles and characteristic of communication (Week 1) 1. Communication is Schemata-Driven Communication - communication begins within yourself; you begin - Process of exchanging ideas with what you have already known or understood - act or process of using words, sign or behaviors to about the subject. exchange or express info. - transmitted messages becomes understandable - came from the Latin word “communis” which because of your old knowledge about the message. means common or to “commune”or to share 2. Communication does not guarantee a direct or something in common. automatic link between two minds. - These forms of knowledge become meaningful only The nature of communication to others when you initiate communication with them 1. Communication is related to human activity 3. Communication is active, powerful, pr forceful -communication exchange are actually directly link - communication is powerful and forceful for it elicit with every single ball of human being lifetime. different meanings of reactions; these message are 2. Communication involves 2 or more parties prone to changes. - two parties are involved in virtually any 4. Communication is Symbolic communication exchange process. - symbolic, signs, or marks like letters,words 3. Communication could be one-way or two-way sentences, graph, pictures or other concrete objects process represent ideas you intend to convey verbally. -Communication might take the design involving two- Non-verbal communication, you resort to bodily way or one-way process. actions > Two-way communication 5. Communication always result in something - the receiver send his feedback to the sender after - it refers to two or more persons participate in any receiving the message. communicative act. The first, sends a message; the 4. Success of communication depends on a second, respond or reacts to the message. proper understanding of the parties involved 6. Communication is irreversible -Powerful communication comes about if your receiver - you are free to talk about anything under the sun. feels your concept. But ones you utter something, the things you have 5. Conversation in organization flows in a variety said remains as it is susceptible to different meanings. of styles 7. Communication is contextual - with organization, information flows in a variety of - exchange of ideas and feelings doesn’t only involves recommendation, for example way upward direction, the sender and the receiver, but also other aspects of down way, horizontal way, and many other. the communication setting like time, place, topic, occasion, purpose, and manner of communication. Elements of Communication 8. Communication is developmental or 1. Sender progressive - also known as the encoder, decides on the - To communicate ideas is to go through the different message to be send and the best effective way that it stages of language of learning that begins from birth can be sent. to elementary, high school, and college levels. It is not 2. Medium one-time learning towards communicative - immediate form which a message takes competence. 3. Channel 9. Communication is a process - responsible for the delivery of the chosen message - several stages of communication take place when form. people share ideas with one another. 4. Receiver 10. Communication is Ethical -also known as the decoder, responsible for - Any communication event is expected to apply rules, extracting/decoding meaning from message. moral values, and beliefs agreed upon by societal 5. Feedback members. - is important as it determines whether or not the decoder grasped the intended meaning and whether Communication Cues the communication is successful. 1. Verbal Language - consist of symbolic like letters, 6. Context words, and other marks that you need to subject to - the context of any communication act is the language. environment surrounding it. 2. Non-verbal Language - communication does not take place in a vacuum. - norms for non-verbal communication vary from 7. Noise(Interference) country to country and among cultures with in a - any factors that inhibits the transmission of a particular country. message. It is anything that gets in the way of the -some nonverbal communication behaviors appear to message being accurately received, interpreted and be somewhat innate because they are universally responded to. recognize.  Body Movements -big or small movement of and movements of people, information, capital, and your body. Kinesics, derived from Greek term, goods. kinesis, meaning”motion” refers to the study e.g.: trends, emails, sharing of critical information of body movement.  Globalization should be conceived as a  Paralanguage - extra sounds that go with spoken word and a study of these special relatively long-term process. sounds is called Paralinguistic - Scholars believe that globalization an intense form in a) Speaking voice produced by your voice recent decades that allowed new possibilities of b) Vocalization like crying, giggling, and simultaneity. growling  Globalization should be understood as a c) Vocal pauses or boosters like multi-pronged process. sshh…opps..many others. - An example of this is the existence of “around the  Time (Chronemics) - your willingness to wait for a long time speaks of world, real time” markets and your trait of patience or impatience. This reflect your transactions made in the cyberspace. manner of valuing your relationship with the object of - Multi-pronged strategies: Plans of action that are your waiting made up of several separate elements  Chronemics - refers to your act of studying the or methods from several points of view or directions impact or effect of time on your behavior. and attacking multiple-entry points.  Proxemics - space or distance represent your thought or feelings about your world. The Cost of Cultural Ignorance - Your body contact or maintaining a wide or narrow - Cultural misunderstandings often lead to lost gap between you and the other party, expresses opportunities and increased levels of tension between meaning on the personal relationship you can people. establish with others. Definition of Terms  Physical Appearance and Object Language  Accommodation - meaning in this kind of non-verbal language, are represented by dressing and other environmental -It is the means by which co-culture members factors that influence or affect any communicative maintain their cultural identity while striving to event. establish relationships with members of the dominant culture. Globalization  Assimilation - has something to do with the worldwide exchanges It is the means by which co-culture members attempt of goods, to fit in with members of the dominant culture. - According to Alex Gary, globalization is the process  Co-cultures by which people and goods refers to group of people who differ in some ethnic or move easily across borders. sociological way from the parent culture.  Collectivistic Cultures Globalization is associated with It refers to cultures in which group goals are stressed. deterritorialization.  Cultural Imperialism This means that many of modern social activities take It is the expansion of dominion of one culture over place regardless of the geographical location another culture.  Cultural Relativism DETERRITORIALIZATION Refers to the acceptance of other cultural groups as - is the process by which an ensemble of relationships, equal in value to one's own. called a territory, loses its current organization and  Cultural Pluralism context is the adherence to the principle of cultural relativism. - It means to take the control and order away from a  Culturally Confused land or place (territory) that is already established. It is It refers to the lacking an understanding of cultural to undo what has been done. difference.  Culture GLOBALIZATION It is a system of knowledge, beliefs, values, customs,  Globalization must also include a reference behaviors, and artifacts that are acquired, shared, and of speed or velocity of social activity. used by members during daily living. - The linking and expanding of social activities across borders is possible because of fast flows  Diversity  Prejudice It refers to the recognition and valuing of difference It is a positive or negative prejudgment such factors as age, gender, race, ethnicity, ability,  Separation religion, education, marital status, sexual orientation It is the means co-culture members use to resist and income. interacting with members of the  Ethnocentrism dominant culture. It is the tendency to see one's own culture as superior to all others. Local and Global Communication in Multicultural Settings  Globalization Lesson 1: culture and cultural globalization It refers to the increasing economic, political, and Culture cultural integration and interdependence of diverse - derived from the Latin “colore” which means to tend cultures. to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nature.  High-context communication - it encompasses religion, food, clothing, language, It is a tradition-bound communication system which music, beliefs, behaviors, and million other thing. depends on indirectness. - it is shared patterns of behavior, interaction, and  High-power-distance cultures understanding that are learned by socialization. - It pertains to the cultures based on power differences in which subordinates defer to superiors. Cultural Globalization  Individualistic cultures - involves then formation of shared norms and -It pertains to the cultures in which individual goals are knowledge with which people associate their stressed. individual and collective identities.  Intercultural communication - globalization brings increasing interconnectedness It is the way of interpreting and sharing meanings with among different populations and cultures. individuals from different cultures.  Interethnic Communication Importance of having one’s culture refers to the interaction with individuals of different  Individual and social benefits ethnic origins. 1. Intrinsic Benefits  International Communication - cultural experience are opportunities for leisure, refers to the communication between persons entertainment, learning, and sharing experience with representing different nations. others.  Intracultural Communication 2. Improved learning and valuable skills for the It refers to the interaction with members of the same future racial or ethnic group or co-culture as yours. -cultural heritage broadens opportunities for education  Interracial Communication and lifelong learning, including a better understanding is the way of interpreting and sharing of meanings of history. with individuals from different races. 3. Better health and well-being  Low-context communication - creativity and cultural engagement have been shown It is a system that encourages directness in to improved both mental and physical health. communication. 4. Vibrant communities  Low-power-distance cultures - culture help build social capital, the glue that hold It pertains to the cultures that believe that power communities together. Cultural activities create social should be used only when legitimate solidarity.  Masculine Culture  Economic Benefits pertains to the cultures that value 1. Contribution to job creation aggressiveness,strength, and material symbols of - by culture have taken on greater importance as success. economies transition from the industrial model, and  Melting-pot Philosophy work based. It is the view that different cultures should be 2. Contribution to tourism assimilated into the dominant culture. - culture further support job creation and encourages  Multiculturalism infrastructure development. refers to the engagement with and respect toward people from distinctly different cultures 3. Cultural Planning - municipalities are recognizing the contribution of Sensitivity to gender - is being aware that there are culture to sense of place, quality of life, and difference between male and female community and economic prosperity through a process called "cultural planning. Aspect of gender 1. Assignment. This is the gender from birth, Lesson 2: Cultural differences either being male or female, it is also the Culture - influences many parts of people's lives gender prescribed by the society. including the food, dress, opinions, identity, music, 2. Role. set of behaviors, mannerisms and buildings, manners, social interaction and language. other traits that society use to express as part of the assigned gender. Culture Awareness - important in creating cross- 3. Identity. This is what we think the gender cultural understanding and acceptance. It give us should be at any given time. better understanding of own culture. 4. Attribution. This is the gender assigned to people when we first meet them and is based Example of Cultural Difference on a set of cues that differentiate from culture > In European countries, Latin America, and Africa to culture. arriving half an hour late in dinner invitation is widely tolerated. Increasing Cultural Sensitivity > in most northern European countries, this is Prepare yourself. Read about and listen carefully considered extremely rude. for culturally influenced behaviors. - In England “O” means okay Recognize your fears. Recognize and face your - In France it means nothing or without any value own fears of acting inappropriately toward members of > in most countries, shaking the head side to side different cultures. means “No” Recognize differences. Be mindful of the > in India, shaking the head from side to side means differences between yourself and those from other “Yes” cultures.  Fart Recognize differences within the group. At the - means the emission of gas same time that you recognize differences between - In danish , it means speed yourself and others, recognize that there are often  Gift enormous differences within any given cultural group. - thing given willingly Recognize differences in meaning. Be aware that - in German, it means “poison” words don't always mean the same thing to members  Brat of different cultures. - it means ill-mannered child Be rule conscious. Think mindfully about the - In Russian, it means “brother” cultural rules and customs of others.  Slut - this means “end”in Swedish Lesson 4: Cultural Appreciation vs Cultural How to be Culturally Aware Appropriation  Engage - engage with other cultures by asking Appreciation: full understanding of a situation or question recognition and enjoyment of good qualities of  Be Open - don’t get into habit of thinking your someone. way is the only way of something Appropriation: the action of taking something for  Invite - invite someone to share culture with you one’s own use, typically without the owner’s  Learn - think about what you can learn with permission others Cultural Appreciation: when elements of a culture  Overcome - overcome stereotypes are used while honoring the source they came from. it involves respect and value. Lesson 3: Cultural Sensitivity Cultural Appropriation: taking intellectual property, Cultural Sensitivity traditional knowledge, cultural expressions, or artifacts - begins with a recognition that there are differences from someone else's culture without permission. This between cultures. can include unauthorized use of another culture's. - skills that allows you to understand and learn about different cultural background of people.