Communication Processes, Principles, And Ethics PDF 2024

C h a p t e r 1 : COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICS  What Is Communication?  communication is derived from the Latin words: CON - with MUNUS - a business COMMUNIS - common COMMUNICO - to confer or relate with o...

C h a p t e r 1 : COMMUNICATION PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICS  What Is Communication?  communication is derived from the Latin words: CON - with MUNUS - a business COMMUNIS - common COMMUNICO - to confer or relate with one another the process of accomplishing a goal, “with a business to confer or relate with one another. “ communicaRE - which means to share or transmit  5 ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION The importance of communication is related to various aspects: 1. Communication is integrated in all parts of our lives 4 Life Domains: Academics - Communication skills are tied to academic success. Professional - Desired communication skills vary from one career to another. Personal - Having a vocabulary to name the communication phenomena in our lives increases our ability to alter consciously our communication. Civic - There is a connection between communication and a person’s civic engagement.  Aspects of Communication 2. Communication meets needs Physical Relational needs needs affects well-being maintains social bonds and interpersonal relationships instrumental Identity needs needs helps us achieve long-term allows us to present and short-term goals ourselves in a distinct manner  Aspects of Communication 3. Communication is guided by culture and context O’Neil (2006) defines culture is a full range of learned human behavioral patterns which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, capabilities, and habits acquired by man as a member of the society. Conversely, context is the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood (Oxford Dictionary, 2018).  Aspects of Communication 4. Communication is learned Humans are born with the capacity to learn a language and the ability to communicate. Communication is learned rather than innate. It is learned through human contact. However, our manner of communication varies from one person to another based on culture and context.  Aspects of Communication 5. Communication has ethical implications Communication is more concerned with the decisions people make about what is right and wrong. Communication ethics deals with the process of negotiating and reflecting on our actions and communication regarding what we believe to be right and wrong.  types of communication When people speak to people in other cultures, sometimes language is one of the barriers to communicating. However, even when people are speaking the same language, cultural differences may affect the way they communicate. These differences may be seen in people’s verbal and non-verbal communication styles— the two forms of communication (Cox, 2018). Verbal Communication Non-verbal Communication  verbal non-verbal Two Forms of Verbal Communication: a form of communication which refers to the sending of messages to another person ORAL COMMUNICATION – includes face- using methods or means other than the to-face interaction, speaking to someone spoken language. Basically, it is on the phone, participating in meetings, communication without the use of words. delivering speeches in programs, giving lectures or discussions NON-VERBAL CUES – may both be intentional and unintentional and is WRITTEN COMMUNICATION – uses categorized in two (2) categories: symbols that are hand- written or printed with an electronic device Non-verbal cues produced by the body Non-verbal messages produced by the Factors that affect verbal communication: broad setting such as time, space, and Tone of voice silence. Use of descriptive words Emphasis on certain phrases Volume of voice  ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION The elements of the communication process involve a sender, receiver, message, channel, and feedback. In the process, however, one may encounter other factors such as an interference or “noise’ that may distort the message or fail the process and an “adjustment” that is required to perform to solve or remove the barrier for effective communication.  sender a person, group, or organization who initiates the communication. message an element transmitted in communication consists of the idea, opinion, information, feeling, or attitude of the sender.  channel method or the platform use to deliver the message. receiver a person who receives, analyzes, understands, and interprets the message.  feedback the receiver’s response that provides information to the sender. adjustment done if the message is distorted or is not clearly understood by the receiver.  noise a form of distortion, barrier, or obstacle that occurs in any of the phases of oral communication process.  ISSUES IN COMMUNICATION 1. CONTENT refers to the information and experiences that are provided to the receiver of the communication process. It is what the receiver derives value from. It is expressed in a medium like speech, writing, or visuals which may be delivered in various media. Content must be presented in a language that makes a grammatical sense. Words have different meanings and may be used or interpreted differently, so even simple words and messages can be misunderstood. Therefore, content should be tailored or edited for the public to ensure effective communication. 2. PROCESS refers to the way the message is presented or delivered. The content of the message should not contradict with the non-verbal cues 3. CONTEXT is the situation or environment in which your message is delivered. It is when and where communication happens.  PRINCIPLES IN COMMUNICATION These principles will help you to make your communication more informative and will aid you to gain positive effects: informal communication may prove PRINCIPLE the information or message should be coded or worded Principle of effective in situations when formal OF CLARITY clearly. Informality communication may not achieve its desired results consistency avoids conflict in an PRINCIPLE OF the receiver’s attention should be drawn to the message to make Principle of organization; inconsistency leads ATTENTION the communication effective. Consistency to confusion there should be feedback information from communication should be done in real time PRINCIPLE OF the receiver to know whether s/he Principle of so that it helps, and it is relevant in FEEDBACK in which the sender has meant it. understood the message in the same sense Timeliness implementing plans; delayed communication may not serve any purpose PRINCIPLE OF information should be complete; is essential to take proper decisions and make action plans; inadequate ADEQUACY information may delay action and create confusion.  communication ethics deals with the behavior of an individual or a group which is governed by their morals and in turn affects communication ETHICAL COMMUNICATION - enhances human worth and dignity UNETHICAL COMMUNICATION - causes threats to the quality of communication NATIONAL COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION (NCA) developed the Credo for Ethical Communication which reminds that communication ethics is relevant across contexts and applies to every channel of communication. NCA stipulates that “ethical communication is fundamental to responsible thinking, decision making, and the development of relationships and communities within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media.  CREDO FOR ETHICAL COMMUNICATION by the National Communication Association (NCA) 1. Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of communication. 2. Endorse freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed and responsible decision making fundamental to a civil society. 3. Strive to understand and respect other communicators before evaluating and responding to their messages. 4. Promote access to communication resources and opportunities as necessary to fulfill human potential and contribute to the well- being of families, communities, and society. 5. Promote communication climates of caring and mutual understanding that respect the unique needs and characteristics of individual communicators. 6. Condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion, and violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred. 7. Commit to the courageous expression of personal convictions in pursuit of fairness and justice. 8. Advocate sharing information, opinions, and feelings when facing significant choices while also respecting privacy and confidentiality. 9. Accept responsibility for the short-term and long-term consequences of our own communication and expect the same of others.  the end of chapter 1