OBM210 Nonverbal Messages Notes PDF

OBM210: NONVERBAL MESSAGES TOPIC 5  LEARNING OBJECTIVE ❖ The students can identify the principles of nonverbal communication. ❖Students also can identify the channels of nonverbal communication involves in interpersonal communication. PRINCIPLES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION...

OBM210: NONVERBAL MESSAGES TOPIC 5  LEARNING OBJECTIVE ❖ The students can identify the principles of nonverbal communication. ❖Students also can identify the channels of nonverbal communication involves in interpersonal communication. PRINCIPLES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Interacting with Verbal Messages Expressing Managing Emotions Impression Principles of Nonverbal Communication Influencing Forming and Relationship Deceiving Structuring Conversatio n PRINCIPLE (INTERACTING WITH 1 VERBAL MESSAGES) Complement – used Accent – is often to to complement, to add accent/emphasize nuances of meaning some part of the not communicated by verbal messages. your verbal messages. 6 Major Ways in Contradict – You may Control – it may be Interacting deliberately contradict used to control/to with Verbal your verbal messages indicate your desire to Messages with nonverbal control, the flow of movement. verbal messages. Repeat – you can Substitute – you can repeat or restate the substitute or replace verbal message for verbal messages. nonverbally.  PRINCIPLE (MANAGING 2 IMPRESSION) To excuse To be liked. To be believed. failure. Strategies involves Nonverbal Messages in Managing Impression To secure help. To hide faults. To be followed. To confirm your self-image and to communicate it to others.  PRINCIPLE (FORMING 3 RELATIONSHIP) To communicate affection, support and love. To communicate displeasure, anger, and animosity. Forming Relationshi To communicate the nature of your relationship to another p person. To communicate your relationship dominance and status.  PRINCIPLE (STRUCTURING 4 CONVERSATION) To provide signals that you’re ready to speak, to listen, to comment on what the speaker just said. Structuring Conversatio For example: turn taking cues n You also show that you’re listening and that you want the conversation to continue using your nonverbal messages (eye contact or posture)  PRINCIPLE (INFLUENCE AND 5 DECEIVE) Liars make less Liars hold back Liars leak sense Liars exhibit Liars give a more greater pupil Influencin negative impression Liars are tense dilation, eye blinks and more gaze g and aversion Deceiving Liars make more Liars make more Liars speak with errors and use hand, leg, and foot higher vocal pitch more hesitations in movement. their speech Liars engage in more self-touching movement.  PRINCIPLE (EXPRESSING 6 EMOTIONS) To communicate varied emotions and their strength. Expressin g Emotions To hide your emotions (you might smile even though you feel sad to avoid dampening the party spirit). NONVERBAL MESSAGES WHAT IS NONVERBAL MESSAGES?  NONVERBAL MESSAGES Nonverbal messages is a communication without words Heavily influenced by the culture.  BODY MESSAGES 1 Body Gestures Useful classification in kinesics The study of communication through body movement, identifies five types: emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adaptors a) Emblems Are substitutes for words; they’re body movements that have rather specific verbal translations. Examples: “OK” “Go away” and “Be quite”.  CHANNELS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION FACIAL EYE TOUCH BODY COMMUNICATI COMMUNICATI COMMUNICATI MESSAGES ON ON ON SPATIAL MESSAGES PARALANGUAG SILENCE AND E TERRITORIALIT Y ARTIFACTUAL OLDFACTORY TEMPORAL COMMUNICATI COMMUNICATI COMMUNICATI ON ON ON  BODY MESSAGES(cont.) b) Illustrators Accompany and literally illustrate verbal messages. Make your communications more vivid and help to maintain your listener’s attention. Examples: Circle or square sign. c) Affect Displays The movements of the face that convey emotional meaning Examples: The expressions that show anger and fear, happiness and surprise, eagerness and fatigue. d) Regulators Monitor, maintain or control the speaking of another individual Example: when you listen you will nod your head, purse your lips.  BODY MESSAGES (cont.) d) Adaptors Satisfy some need and usually occur without conscious awareness; they’re unintentional movements that usually go unnoticed. Self-Adaptor Usually satisfy a physical need, generally serving to make you more comfortable, example scratching your head. Alter-Adaptor The body movement you make in response to your current interactions, example moving closer to someone you like. Object-Adaptors Movements that involve your manipulation of some object, example clicking a ballpoint pen.  BODY MESSAGES (cont.) Body Appearance The body communicates even without movement. Other may form impressions from your general body build, height, weight. Your body reveals your race, through skin color and tone. Your general attractiveness also is a part of body communication which attractive people have the advantage in just activity you name.  FACIAL COMMUNICATION 2 Facial communication Your face communicates; especially signaling your emotions. It communicate the degree of pleasantness, agreement, and sympathy a person feel; the rest of the body doesn’t provide any additional information. a) The Smile The first thing you think about when focusing on facial communication. There are two (2) types of smiles; ✔ Real smile – also known as Duchenne smile (unconscious) ✔ Fake smile – conscious smile.  FACIAL COMMUNICATION (cont.) b) Facial Management Techniques Intensify To exaggerate your surprise when friends throw a party to make your friends feel better? Deintensify To cover up your joy in the presence of a friend who didn’t receive such good news? Neutralize To cover up your sadness to keep from depressing others? Mask To express happiness in order to cover up your disappointment at not receiving the gift you expected? Stimulate To express an emotion you don’t feel?  FACIAL COMMUNICATION (cont.) c) Facial Feedback When you express emotions facially, a feedback effect is observed. Facial feedback hypothesis: Holds that your facial expressions influence your physiological arousal. For example, smiling won’t make you feel happier.  FACIAL COMMUNICATION (cont.) d) Culture and Facial Communication – we observe in different culture seem to reflect which reactions are publicly permissible rather than fundamental difference in the way emotions are facially expressed.  EYE COMMUNICATION 3 Eye Communication Occulesis: The study of the messages communicated by the eyes, which vary depending on the duration, direction and quality of the eye behavior. The direction of the eye also communicates high or low of interest.  EYE COMMUNICATION (cont.) a) Eye contact You use eye contact to serve several important functions: 1. To monitor feedback 2. To secure attention 3. To regulate the conversation 4. To signal the nature of the relationship 5. To signal status 6. To compensate for physical distance c) Eye Avoidance When you avoid eye contact or avert your glance, you allow others to maintain their privacy. Can signal lack of interest.  EYE COMMUNICATION (cont.) c) Pupil Dilation Dilated pupils in fact judged more attractive than constricted ones. Pupil size also reveals your interest and level of emotional arousal. Your pupils enlarge when you’re interested in something or when you’re emotionally aroused. d) Culture and Eye Communication – eye messages vary with both culture and gender. Women make eye contact more and maintain it longer.  TOUCH COMMUNICATION 4 Touch Communication Also known as tactile communication and haptics. For example: Baby in womb. a)The Meanings of Touch ✔ Positive emotions: For those that have a relatively close relationship. ✔ Playfulness: Either affectionately or aggressively. ✔ Control: Control the behaviors, attitudes or feelings of the other person. ✔ Ritualistic touching: Shaking hand to say hello.  TOUCH COMMUNICATION (cont.) The Meanings of Touch (cont.) ✔ Task-related touching: Is associated with the performance of a function such as removing a speck of dust from another person. b) Touching Avoidance ✔ Related to communicate apprehension or fear or anxiety about communicating. ✔ Older people have higher touch avoidance scores for opposite-sex persons than do younger people. c) Culture and Touch – The functions of touch are not served in the same way.  PARALANGUAGE 5 Paralanguage Is the vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech. It has to with the way you say something rather than with what you say. To stress paralanguage includes rate ,volume and pitch. Examples: the vocalization we make when laughing, yelling, moaning and belching.  PARALANGUAGE (cont.) a) Paralanguage and People Perception- we form impressions based on their paralanguage about what kind of people they are. b) Paralanguage and Persuasion – speech rate is related to persuasiveness. c) Culture and Paralanguage – Cultural differences also need to be taken into consideration when we evaluate the results of the studies on speech rate because different cultures views speech rate differently.  ACTIVITY 16 Nonverbal Communication : Be BRAVE!!  SILENCE 6 The Functions of Silence a) To provide time to think. b) To hurt others. c) To respond to personal anxiety. d) To prevent communication. e) To communicate emotions. f) To achieve specific effects.  SILENCE (cont.) o The Spiral of Silence ✔ This theory offers a somewhat different perspective on silence. ✔ You are more likely to voice your opinions when you agree with the majority than when you disagree. o Culture and Silence ✔ not all cultures view silence as functioning in the same way. Some of the culture view silence positively.  SPATIAL MESSAGE AND 7 TERRITORIALITY SPATIAL MESSAGE Space is an important factor in interpersonal communication Proxemic Distances: ▪ There are four proxemic distances in the relationship: ▪ Intimate distance ✔ Ranging from the close phase of actual touching to the far phase of 6 to 18 inches. ✔ The presence of the other person is unmistakable. ✔ E.g. for close phase: lovemaking and wrestling, for comforting and protecting  SPATIAL MESSAGE (Cont.) Proxemic Distances: (cont.) ▪ There are four proxemic distances in the relationship: ▪ Personal distance ✔ Allows you to stay protected and untouched by others. ✔ Ranges from 18 inches to about 4 feet. ✔ E.g for close phase: take your loved one into your protective bubble ▪ Social distance ✔ You lose the visual detail you had at the personal distance. ✔ Ranging from 4 to 12 feet. ✔ E.g for close phase: conduct impersonal business or interact at a social gathering  SPATIAL MESSAGE (Cont.) Proxemic Distances: (cont.) ▪ There are four proxemic distances in the relationship: ▪ Public distance ✔ You’re able to take defensive action should you feel threatened. ✔ Ranging from 12 to more than 25 feet. ✔ E.g for close phase: you might keep at least this distance fro a drunk  SPATIAL MESSAGE (Cont.) □ Theories about Space Protection theory □ Holds that you establish a body buffer zone around yourself as protection against unwanted touching or attack. Equilibrium theory □ Holds that intimacy and interpersonal distance vary together. □ The greater the intimacy, the closer the distance. □ The lower the intimacy, the greater the distance.  SPATIAL MESSAGE (Cont.) Expectancy Violations Theory □ Explains what happens when you increase or decrease the distance between yourself and another in an interpersonal interaction. □ Territoriality The possessive reaction to an area or to particular objects. 1. Primary territories – Areas that you might call your own.  SPATIAL MESSAGE (Cont.) 2. Secondary territories – Areas that don’t belong to you but that you have occupied. 3. Public territories □ Areas that are open to all people. □ They may be owned by some person or organization but they are used by everyone. There are 3 types of markers: 1. Central markers Items you place in a territory to reserve it for you  SPATIAL MESSAGE (Cont.) 2. Boundary markers Boundaries that are setting to divide your territory from others. 3. Ear markers Identifying marks that indicate your possession of territory or object.  SPATIAL MESSAGE (Cont.) Territory encroachment – status is also signaled by the unwritten law granting the right of invasion. Several ways to resist encroachment on your territory; Withdrawal – simply leave the scene. Turf-defense – you defend the territory against the encroachment (“This is my seat.”) Insulation – Putting up fence around your property. Linguistic collusion – speaking in a language or jargon that other don’t understand.  ARTIFACTUAL COMMUNICATION 8 Artifactual Communication Concerns the messages conveyed by objects that are made by human hands. E.g.: aesthetics, colour, clothing, jewellery and etc. ✔ Space Decoration That the decoration or surroundings of a place exert influence on perceptions should be obvious to anyone who has ever entered a hospital The way you decorate your private space communicates something who you are People will form opinions about your personality on the basis of room decorations  ARTIFACTUAL COMMUNICATION (cont.) Artifactual Communication(cont.) ✔ Colour Communication Takes place on many levels For example, there is some evidence that colors affect us physiologically ✔ Clothing and Jewellery Protects you from the weather It may communicate your position within the hierarchy Form cultural displays Influence your own behavior and the behavior of the group Your jewelry also communicates messages about you  ARTIFACTUAL COMMUNICATION (cont.) Artifactual Communication(cont.) ✔ Tattoos and Rings Body piercing send a variety of messages. Tattoos – temporary and permanent likewise communicate a variety of messages.  OLDFACTORY MESSAGES 9 Oldfactory Messages Smell is one of the aspect of nonverbal communication IMPORTANT MESSAGES OF SCENTS To attract others -In many animal species the female gives off a scent that draws male. To aid taste - Without smell, taste would be severely impaired. To aid memory - Is a powerful memory aid. To create an image - Help to create an image or an identity of the product.  TEMPORAL COMMUNICATION 10 Temporal Communication Consists of the messages communicated by your time orientation and treatment of time. Chronemics refers to the study of the communicative function of time. Psychological time refers to a person’s emphasis on, or orientation toward, the past, present, or future.  TEMPORAL COMMUNICATION (cont.) Temporal Communication (cont.) Psychological Time Past Orientation You relive old times and regard the old methods as the best. Present Orientation Future Orientation You live in the present for You look forward and live now not tomorrow. for the future.  TEMPORAL COMMUNICATION (cont.) Interpersonal Time – refers to a wide variety of time-related elements that figure into interpersonal interaction. Several important interpersonal time. Punctuality Wait time Duration Relationship Talk time Work time time Response time  TEMPORAL COMMUNICATION (cont.) Cultural Time – refers to a wide variety of time-related elements that figure into interpersonal interaction. Three (3) types of cultural times Monochronism and Formal and Polychronism Informal Time The Social Clock  END QUESTIONS??