Eng-101.pdf

Lesson 01: Communication: Process, Principles and Ethics Importance of Purposive Communication:  to inform or relay the information and to ensure that the message is understood correctly What is Communication? o Communication is the act of conveying meanings fro...

Lesson 01: Communication: Process, Principles and Ethics Importance of Purposive Communication:  to inform or relay the information and to ensure that the message is understood correctly What is Communication? o Communication is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules. o Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another. o Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages through verbal and non-verbal means, including speech or oral communication. The Process of Communication 1. Source – sender of the message 2. Message – the information you want to convey 3. Encoding – the process of converting your idea or thoughts of the information into verbal and/or nonverbal symbols that can be understood by the receiver of the message 4. Channel – the manner in which your message or information is conveyed. It may be done through face – to – face conversation, telephone call, video conference or written communication (text message, email, letter, memorandum, report) 5. Decoding – the receiver’s mental processing of your message into the meaning suggested by the verbal and/or nonverbal symbols you use as sender. 6. Receiver – the person or group of people who will get your message 7. Feedback – the receiver’s response to your message 8. Context – the situation in which the communication takes place Key Principles of Communication 1. Interpersonal communication is inescapable – not possible to communicate 2. Interpersonal communication is irreversible – “Once a word goes out of your mouth, you can never swallow it again” 3. Interpersonal communication is complicated- whenever you communicate with anyone, you simultaneously interpret both his verbal and nonverbal language and that is often both confounding and demanding 4. Interpersonal communication is contextual – communication is affected by several factors, it does not happen in isolation a. Psychological context – who you are and what you as sender or receiver bring to the interaction – your needs, desires, values, beliefs, personality and so on. b. Relational context – concerns your reactions to the other person based on relationships c. Situational context – deals with the psycho – social where you are communicating d. Environmental context – has to do with the physical where you are communicating – objects in the room and their arrangement, location, noise level, temperature, season, time of the day e. Cultural context – the learned behaviors and rules that affect the interaction Types of Communication A. Verbal Communication B. Non-Verbal Communication – The process of communicating using – The process of communicating without spoken words or languages words or sounds Examples: Examples:  press conference  gestures  board meetings  body language  election campaigns  facial expressions  public speeches  eye contact  online selling  C. Written Communication D. Visual Communication – The process of communicating conveyed – The process of communicating involves the with the help of words visual display of information Examples: Examples:  letters  topography  diary/journal  photography  e-mails  signs  memos  maps Barriers to Communication 1. Noise 6. Physical disabilities 2. Use of jargons 7. Physical barriers 3. Emotions 8. Language differences and difficulties 4. Lack of attention or distractions 9. Expectations and prejudices 5. Differences in perception or viewpoint 10. Cultural differences Lesson 02: Communication and Globalization Globalization and the Global Village Globalization – the process of bringing people together and making them interact and exchange ideas across traditional borders (Nowaczyk, 2017) Global Village – one world interconnected by an electronic nervous system Characteristics of Cultures Culture – the learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings (Useem & Useem, 1963) - as a system of beliefs, assumptions and values shared by a group of people (Fielding, 1996, as cited in Singh & Rampersad, 2010) 1. Cultures are learned, not innate. – We think and act as Filipinos because our parents brought us up this way. 2. Cultures are shared. – We act as members of our own cultural group, not as individuals, because belonging to a culture means following the norms of the group. 3. Cultures are multifaceted. – We are surrounded by cultural norms that affect language, religion, basic world view, education, technology, social organization, politics and law, all interacting with one another. What some cultures consider common practice may be taboo to others. 4. Cultures are dynamic. – Cultures constantly change as cultural contact increases, new technologies emerge and economic conditions vary. 5. Cultural identities are overlapping. - We belong to multiple, overlapping cultures as we interact with one another. Adaptation to New Cultures 1. Cultural Integration - One group assumes the beliefs, practices and rituals of another group without sacrificing the characteristics of its own culture. 2. Cultural Assimilation – Members of one cultural group adopt the language, practices and beliefs of another group, often losing aspects of their traditional culture in the process. 3. Cultural Accommodation – Individuals may take on values and beliefs of the host culture and accommodate them in the public sphere while maintaining the parent culture in the private sphere. Guidelines on Developing Intercultural Competence 1. Widen your field of experience by making new contact 2. Learn about history and the experiences and aspirations of people from different cultures 3. Examine yourself for possible stereotypes 4. Look at the world from someone else’s way of looking at and thinking about something, not just yours 5. Work on becoming more self – confident 6. Appreciate cultural similarities and differences 7. Acknowledge the essential equality and value of all cultures 8. Be sensitive and interpret cultural styles of communication “Before anything else, preparation is the key to success.” - Alexander Graham Bell -