Questions and Answers
What are the five types of body movements identified in kinesics under body gestures?
emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators, adaptors
Which facial communication technique involves exaggerating emotions?
Facial feedback hypothesis states that your facial expressions do not influence your physiological arousal.
False
____ is the vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech.
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Match the following types of touch communication with their meanings:
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According to the content, what are some functions of silence? (Select all that apply)
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The Spiral of Silence theory suggests that individuals are more likely to voice their opinions when they disagree with the majority.
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What theory explains the relationship between intimacy and interpersonal distance?
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Artifactual communication concerns the messages conveyed by objects that are made by human hands, such as aesthetics, colour, clothing, and __________.
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Match the following psychological time orientations with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Principles of Nonverbal Communication
- Interacting with Verbal Messages:
- Complement: nonverbal messages add nuances to verbal messages
- Accent: emphasizing certain parts of verbal messages
- Contradict: deliberately contradicting verbal messages with nonverbal cues
- Repeat: restating verbal messages nonverbally
- Substitute: replacing verbal messages with nonverbal cues
- Managing Impression:
- Strategies to create a desired impression (e.g., to be liked, believed, or followed)
- Forming Relationship:
- Communicating affection, support, love, or displeasure
- Establishing dominance and status in a relationship
- Structuring Conversation:
- Using nonverbal cues to regulate conversation flow and turn-taking
- Influencing and Deceiving:
- Detecting deception through nonverbal cues (e.g., pupil dilation, eye contact)
- Expressing Emotions:
- Communicating emotions and their intensity through nonverbal means
Nonverbal Messages
- Definition: communication without words, heavily influenced by culture
- Channels of Nonverbal Communication:
- Body messages
- Facial communication
- Eye communication
- Touch communication
- Paralanguage
- Silence
- Spatial messages and territoriality
- Artifactual communication
- Olafactory messages
- Temporal communication
Body Messages
- Classification in kinesics:
- Emblems (substitutes for words)
- Illustrators (accompanying verbal messages)
- Affect displays (facial expressions conveying emotions)
- Regulators (monitoring and maintaining conversation)
- Adaptors (satisfying physical needs or responding to interactions)
Facial Communication
- Facial expressions convey emotions and degree of pleasantness
- Types of smiles:
- Real smile (Duchenne smile)
- Fake smile (conscious smile)
- Facial management techniques:
- Intensify (exaggerating emotions)
- Deintensify (covering up emotions)
- Neutralize (masking emotions)
- Mask (hiding true emotions)
- Stimulate (faking emotions)
Eye Communication
- Occulesis: the study of eye messages
- Functions of eye contact:
- Monitoring feedback
- Securing attention
- Regulating conversation
- Signaling relationship status
- Compensating for physical distance
- Pupil dilation: revealing interest and emotional arousal
Touch Communication
- Haptics: the study of touch
- Meanings of touch:
- Positive emotions
- Playfulness
- Control
- Ritualistic touching
- Task-related touching
- Touching avoidance: related to apprehension or fear of communication
Paralanguage
- Vocal but nonverbal dimension of speech
- Includes rate, volume, and pitch
- Influences people's perception and persuasion
Silence
- Functions of silence:
- Providing time to think
- Hurting others
- Responding to personal anxiety
- Preventing communication
- Communicating emotions
- Achieving specific effects
- Spiral of silence: the theory that people are more likely to voice opinions when they agree with the majority
Spatial Messages and Territoriality
- Proxemic distances:
- Intimate distance (close phase: touching to 18 inches)
- Personal distance (18 inches to 4 feet)
- Social distance (4 to 12 feet)
- Public distance (12 to 25 feet)
- Theories about space:
- Protection theory
- Equilibrium theory
- Expectancy violations theory
- Territoriality:
- Primary territories (owned spaces)
- Secondary territories (occupied spaces)
- Public territories (open to all)
- Marks of territory (central, boundary, and ear markers)
Artifactual Communication
- Concerns messages conveyed by objects made by humans
- Includes:
- Space decoration
- Colour communication
- Clothing and jewelry
- Tattoos and rings
Olafactory Messages
- Smell is an important aspect of nonverbal communication
- Important messages of scents:
- Attracting others
- Aiding taste
- Aiding memory
- Creating an image
Temporal Communication
- Consists of messages communicated by time orientation and treatment
- Chronemics: the study of the communicative function of time
- Psychological time:
- Past orientation
- Present orientation
- Future orientation
- Interpersonal time:
- Punctuality
- Wait time
- Duration
- Response time
- Cultural time:
- Monochronism and polychronism
- Formal and informal time
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Description
Explore the principles of nonverbal communication, including how it interacts with verbal messages and impression management strategies. Learn about the different ways nonverbal cues can complement, accent, contradict, repeat, or substitute verbal messages.
