StReaM: Intercultural Communication & Participation PDF

StReaM: Intercultural Communication & Participation I heard something you did not say. What I really want to say and what I actually convey. Lecturer: Dr. Johanne Fischer The layout of the presentation, the films and graphics used and the...

StReaM: Intercultural Communication & Participation I heard something you did not say. What I really want to say and what I actually convey. Lecturer: Dr. Johanne Fischer The layout of the presentation, the films and graphics used and the content are protected by copyright. The slides may only be reproduced for private use, changes may not be made and copies may not be distributed without permission. Commercial use is not permitted.  I heard something you did not say Communication Elements Studieren im Grünen message effect sender recipient communication channel (eg. speech, gesture) Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Studieren im Grünen Paul Watzlawick (1921-2007) Philosopher, psychotherapist, communication scientist Some of his most famous books: 1977 – The Language of Change 1983 - The Situation Is Hopeless, But Not Serious: The Pursuit of Unhappiness 1984 - The Invented Reality: How Do We Know What We Believe We Know? Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Studieren im Grünen What do you think: Do we communicate when silent? Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Studieren im Grünen 1st Axiom: One cannot NOT communicate Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024 5 Axiome der Kommunikation, Paul Watzlawick, Axiom 2, Inhaltsaspekt, Beziehungsaspekt 5 Axiome der Kommunikation, Paul Watzlawick, Axiom 2, I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Inhaltsaspekt, Beziehungsaspekt Studieren im Grünen 2nd Axiom: Every communication has a content and relationship aspect such that the latter classifies the former and is therefore a metacommunication. content aspect relationship aspect E = mc2 Brilliant! Nonsense! Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Studieren im Grünen 3rd Axiom: The nature of a relationship is dependent on the punctuation of the partners' communication procedures This is difficult to understand. Therefore, here an alternative wording: Every interaction is defined as a reaction to an event. Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Studieren im Grünen 3rd Axiom: Every interaction is defined as a reaction to an event A: criticizes QUESTION: B: screams B: rolls eyes How can one break the viscious A: yells A: speaks up circle? B: turns away Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Studieren im Grünen 4th Axiom: Human communication involves both digital and analog modalities Nonverbal Communication Verbal Communication => Scope for Interpretation => Information / Facts Analog Digital You get what you deserve!I Source: Wilhelm Busch. 1865. Max und Moritz Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Studieren im Grünen 4th Axiom: Human communication involves both digital and analog modalities Nonverbal Communication Conflictng Verbal Communication => Scope for Interpretation information => Information / Facts Analog Digital I feel sorry for your bad luck! Source: Wilhelm Busch. 1865. Max und Moritz Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say EXCURSUS: „Face-to-Face“ versus „digital“ Communication Studieren im Grünen The non-verbal part of communication is just as important as the verbal. verbal; TRUE or FALSE 20% FALSE ! Non-verbal; 80% Quelle: Lehrerinnenfortbildung Baden-Württemberg, Deutsch 6BG - Klassenstufe 9 Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say EXCURSUS: „Face-to-Face“ versus „digital“ Communication Studieren im Grünen Only in the case of conflicting signals: Mehrabian Experiments Receivers believe non-verbal signals (1971) much more than words. 100 E.g., most people will believe that you 80 are lying, if you say “I am happy” while 55% 60 having a sad expression (or the other way round). 40 20 7% 38% Also called the 7%-38%-55% rule 0 -> is often conveyed incorrectly! Content Voice & Mimic Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say EXCURSUS: „Face-to-Face“ versus „digital“ Communication Studieren im Grünen Face-to-Face Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) 1. conversation content 1. conversation Content 2. Nonverbal Impressions 2. Nonverbal Impressions listen listen Soundwords/Emoticons see see Actionwords/Emoticons smell smell taste taste Actionwords/Emoticons feel feel Matthias Petzold http://www.petzold.homepage.t-online.de/pub/onlinemanuskript.htm Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Studieren im Grünen 5th Axiom: Inter-human communication procedures are either symmetrical or complementary At "eye level“ „Hierarchical“ symmetrical complementary Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Watzlawick’s 5 Axioms Studieren im Grünen 1st Axiom: One cannot NOT communicate 2nd Axiom: Every interaction has a content 3. Cause and relationship aspect 2. Content & and relationship effect 3rd Axiom: Every interaction is defined as 4. Verbal & nonverbal a reaction to an event. 1. One cannot NOT commu- 4th Axiom: Messages consist of verbal nicate symbols and nonverbal cues 5. Symme- trical or comple- 5th Axiom: Interactions are either mentary symmetrical or complementary Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  Non-verbal communication  I heard something you did not say Non-verbal communication Studieren im Grünen Words communicate content The body and face communicate attitudes, emotions, judgments Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Non-verbal communication Studieren im Grünen Miramar Damanhouri. 2018. The advantages and disadvantages of body language in Intercultural communication. Khazar J. Humanities & Social Sciences Vol. 21, No 1: 62-82. QUESTION: Is body language mostly universal or is it defined by culture? Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Non-verbal communication Studieren im Grünen Miramar Damanhouri. 2018. The advantages and disadvantages of body language in Intercultural communication. Khazar J. Humanities & Social Sciences Vol. 21, No 1: 62-82 Body language includes: – Physical gestures -> cultural (learned) – Facial expressions -> universal (innate) – Proxemics and eye contact -> mix of cultural and personal preferences E.g. eye contact: A. respect, interest, honesty and confidence (e.g. Germany) B. rudeness, disrespect, invasion of privacy (e.g. China) The use of body language is determined by – Cultural and socioeconomic background, education – Gender, age, personal preferences, idiosyncrasies (eccentric behaviours) – Context  Body language is best understood among people from the same culture.  Body language can be misunderstood in intercultural communication. Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Mimic – the universal language Studieren im Grünen Joy Anger Fear Surprise Sadness Disgust Contempt Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Body language Studieren im Grünen https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jwUXV4QaTw Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024 Interpersonal Distances  I heard something you did not say Non-verbal communication Studieren im Grünen Use of space on interpersonal communication 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 cm Intimate Distance Personal Distance Social Distance (relatives, friends) (acquaintances) (strangers) After Sorokowska et al. 2017. Preferred Interpersonal Distances: A Global Comparison Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Social distance (strangers): 135 cm Studieren im Grünen Germany 97 cm 140 cm 110 cm 80 cm Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Personal distance (acquaintances): 90 cm Studieren im Grünen Germany 67 cm 110 cm 85 cm 60 cm Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Intimate distance (relatives, friends): 30 cm Studieren im Grünen Germany 49 cm 100 cm 65 cm 30 cm Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say Non-verbal communication Studieren im Grünen We are closer than we think: Commercial of Coca Cola in Argentina https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LW8OP0JYias Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  Request Sender Receiver The Communication Square  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Friedemann Schultz von Thun German psychologist and professor at the University of Hamburg. He developed a number of comprehensive theoretical models to help people understand communication. Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Request MESSAGE Sender Receiver Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen What I inform about = matter of fact, i.e. data, MESSAGE facts,circumstances Three criteria: true or untrue Sender relevant or irrelevant Receiver sufficient or insufficient Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Request What I would like to achieve with MESSAGE you = Influence recipients Wishes, appeals, advice, instructions for action Sender Openly or covertly. Receiver Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen What I think of you and how I feel about you Conveyed explicitly or implicitly through wording, tone of voice, MESSAGE facial expressions and gestures Sender Receiver Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen What I reveal about myself = Feelings, values, idiosyncrasies MESSAGE and needs Explicit or Implicit (non-verbal) Sender Receiver Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Request MESSAGE Sender Receiver Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Example 1 Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen THE LIGHT Request IS GREEN! Sender of information Recipient of information Intended message Message understood Factual level The light is green He tells me that the light is green Appeal level She should get a move on He wants me to react quicker to “green” Relational level She is too slow He thinks, I am a poor driver Self revelation I am in a hurry! He is impatient! Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen WHO’S Request DRIVING? Sender of information Recipient of information Intended message Message understood Factual level Who’s driving? She reminds me that she is driving Request level Don’t tell me how to drive! She wants me to shut up Relational level He is patronising She does not care about me Self revelation I am in annoyed! She is angry Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Group exercise Form groups of 3 to 4. TASK: Take a sheet of paper and analyse the communication from the sender’s and the recipient’s viewpoint: (a) Isidora’s question (b)Pascal’s answer Isidora Pascal Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Sender (Isidora) Recipient (Pascal) Intended message Message understood Factual level What’s the green stuff? She asks about the parsley Request level Tell me about the green leaves! She wants me to take the soup away! Relational You have cooked something She criticises my soup level interesting Self- I am intrigued! She does not like my soup revelation Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Sender (Pascal) Recipient (Isidora) Intended message Message understood She does not have to eat the soup He tells me not I do not have to eat the Factual level I cooked for her soup he cooked for me I want her to tell me that my soup is Request level good He does not want me to eat his soup Relational She does not appreciate me He rejects me level Self- I am upset and disappointed He is in a bad mood revelation Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024  I heard something you did not say The Communication Square Studieren im Grünen Think of a situation where the sender or the recipient communicates by remaining silent. Then analyse the communication (silence) from the sender’s and the recipient’s viewpoint for each of the four sides of communication. Please, elaborate! Sender Recipient Intended message Message understood Factual level Request level Relational level Self-revelation Intercultural Communication - StREaM Dr. Johanne Fischer SS 2024