Purposive Communication - GEC 112 Lesson 1 PDF

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION  Purposive Communication INTRODUCTION People are great communicators. We use our thoughts and feelings when communicating with someone else. In this module, you will learn more about the nature of com...

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION  Purposive Communication INTRODUCTION People are great communicators. We use our thoughts and feelings when communicating with someone else. In this module, you will learn more about the nature of communication. At the end of this module, you are expected to analyze the meaning of communication, its components, and its types.  Purposive Communication WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? We define communication as a transactional process in which people create, send, and receive symbolic messages to construct and interpret meaning in a variety of situations and contexts. Our definition illustrates that communication is an ongoing and continuous process that is ever-evolving.  Purposive Communication Characteristics of Effective Communication 1. Communication is SYMBOLIC. When we communicate, we use symbols to construct meaning. A symbol is an object that represents something abstract. In essence, we use symbols such as words, icons, images, tone of voice, and facial expressions to represent ideas or concepts. However, remember that when we use words, our words are not the actual idea. Instead, our words only represent our ideas.  Purposive Communication Characteristics of Effective Communication 1. Communication is SYMBOLIC.  Purposive Communication Characteristics of Effective Communication 2. Communication is the construction of meaning. The idea of communication as a symbolic process leads to another characteristic of communication, that communication is the construction of meaning. We use symbols through verbal and nonverbal messages to construct meaning.  Purposive Communication Characteristics of Effective Communication 3. Communication is process-oriented. Communication is process- oriented. The process-oriented nature of communication means communication is an ongoing and continuous process. One way to understand communication as process oriented is to conceptualize communication as an evolutionary process that develops and grows. For example, communication does not start and stop with each conversation. Instead, it evolves.  Purposive Communication Characteristics of Effective Communication 4. Communication is complex. We all have different attitudes, beliefs, and values. People tend to communicate and perceive others based on those beliefs and values; this is where potential problems begin to emerge. When people discuss and debate major issues, their beliefs and values conflict with each other. Such variables as age, sex, race, and social status often affect our communication with others  Purposive Communication Characteristics of Effective Communication 5. Communication is contextual or situational. It just makes sense that the environment, setting, or context will affect our communication behavior. For example, the typical classroom setting invites a formal type of communication. Everything from seating arrangement to “role” or “status” plays a part in shaping the kind of communication.  Purposive Communication Characteristics of Effective Communication 5. Communication is contextual or situational.  Purposive Communication Characteristics of Effective Communication 5. Communication is contextual or situational.  Purposive Communication Characteristics of Effective Communication 5. Communication is transactional. Finally, our communication model indicates that communication is also transactional. If two people are engaged in a heated debate or conversation, both verbal and nonverbal feedback might be exchanged. You might respond to a person with an angry remark or even profanity. On the other hand, your gestures and facial expressions could communicate your feelings even more strongly.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication Communication is a dynamic process in which people simultaneously send and receive verbal and nonverbal messages. The distinct elements of the model provide greater insight into how communication works.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 1. Source or the Sender. The place where the message originates is called the source. The purpose of the source or speaker (message creator) in any communication event will shape not only the message but also the audience’s response. It is also important for the source to know the audience’s purpose and create an appropriate message for them.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 1. Source or the Sender. : Uy, mars! Alam mo na ba?  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 2. Message. The communication that is sent to the receiver is called the message. Generally, messages attempt to inform, persuade, or entertain an audience. A person might say “I’m not angry,” but their facial expression, tone of voice (paralanguage), and body language might say just the opposite.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 3. Channel. What provides the medium or “pathway” for the message and the meaning it contains to be disseminated is the channel. Radio, television, film, and the Internet all represent different channels in which an individual can receive a message. For example, think about the difference between seeing President Duterte giving a speech in person versus watching him on television.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 3. Channel.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 4. Receiver. The intended target of the source’s message is the receiver. There is perhaps no element more important in the communication process than the audience or the receivers of communication. An audience-centred focus on the communication process stresses the significance of shaping messages to affect the receivers of communication. This adds to the recognition that all communication is purposeful or intentional in nature.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 4. Receiver. : Ano ‘yon, mars?  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 5. Feedback. Feedback (both verbal and nonverbal) literally completes the communication cycle and serves to complete the process of any communication event. Feedback proves that communication is a dynamic process and not linear or mechanical in nature. A simple nod of the head or an angry verbal reply during a heated conversation will attest to the importance of feedback in our communication model.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 6. Noise or Barrier. Sometimes miscommunication occurs between people due to the element of noise. Noise is any interference in the transactional process that affects the communication. Noise can be either physical or psychological.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 6. Noise or Barrier. A physical noise is any external sound that hinders your ability to concentrate and listen to a message. For example, if you were outside trying to listen to your friend when an ambulance’s siren suddenly blares, you probably would be the victim of physical noise. In this case, the ambulance siren prevented you from concentrating and listening to the message.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 6. Noise or Barrier.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 6. Noise or Barrier. Psychological noise is any mental preoccupation that hinders your ability to concentrate and listen to a message. If you were outside trying to listen to your friend, but this time you are thinking about lunch instead of fully concentrating and listening to your friend’s message. You would be the victim of psychological noise because you are preoccupied with your own thoughts, which prevents you from receiving the complete message.  Purposive Communication Elements of Communication 6. Noise or Barrier.  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 1. Intrapersonal Communication A communication that transpires within an individual is defined as intrapersonal communication. Here are some features of intrapersonal communication: a. Intrapersonal communication is communication that occurs in our own minds.  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 1. Intrapersonal Communication b. Intrapersonal communication is characterized by a lack of feedback from another individual and exists when a person interacts and responds to his or her environment only, with no communication or feedback from another individual. c. Examples of intrapersonal communication would include thinking, daydreaming, meditating, or even “talking to oneself” when engaging in an “internal conversation” with no other persons present.  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 1. Intrapersonal Communication  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 2. Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication occurs during a “face-to-face” conversation or interaction and is characterized by immediate or direct feedback from another individual or group of people.  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 2. Interpersonal Communication  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 3. Group Communication Communication that takes place between three or more persons in a group setting or context is called group communication. Often, this type of communication is also referred to as small-group communication because each member of the group is able to communicate with one another face-to-face during each group meeting.  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 3. Group Communication  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 4. Nonverbal Communication Any communication that does not involve the written or spoken word is defined as nonverbal communication. We typically think about a person’s body language when discussing this form of communication. Much of our communication is nonverbal in nature, which includes the use of gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, body type, dress/clothing, touch, paralanguage (tone of voice), territoriality (physical and social space), artifacts (objects that communicate, such as jewelry), and seating arrangement.  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 4. Nonverbal Communication  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 5. Mass Communication Mass communication involves a person or organization that disseminates a message through mass media (such as television, radio, the Internet, or social media) to reach other individuals in the population at the same time.  Purposive Communication Types of Communication 5. Mass Communication