Biology 1081 Mock Exam Unit 2 PDF

BIOLOGY 1081 Mock Exam Unit 2 Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The amount of energy available to do work is called b. is a water-soluble protein found in the a. enthalpy mitochondrial matrix...

BIOLOGY 1081 Mock Exam Unit 2 Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The amount of energy available to do work is called b. is a water-soluble protein found in the a. enthalpy mitochondrial matrix b. free energy c. is a peripheral membrane protein c. entropy d. is an example of substrate-level d. kinetic energy phosphorylation 2. Passive diffusion 8. Glycolysis occurs a. only pushes small ions through the membrane a. in the cell membrane b. is the process where molecules go from low to b. in the mitochondrial matrix high concentration c. in the cytosol c. requires a transmembrane protein d. in the thylakoids d. is a spontaneous process 9. Where are the protein complexes that are part of the 3. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into electron transport chain found? a. 3 NADH a. mitochondrial matrix b. 2 pyruvate b. mitochondrial outer membrane c. 1 ATP synthase c. mitochondrial intermembrane space d. 4 glyceraldehyde d. mitochondrial inner membrane 4. Cellular respiration produces the most ATP from 10. NADPH is produced through which of the following? a. the light reactions and the Calvin cycle a. oxidative phosphorylation b. only the light reactions b. Krebs cycle c. only the Calvin cycle c. ethanol fermentation d. NAD+ reduction d. glycolysis 11. The equation C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO 2 + 6H2 O is 5. What part of the membrane is the most important for a. cellular respiration; requires energy allowing for large or charged molecules to cross the b. cellular respiration; is spontaneous membrane? c. photosynthesis; requires energy a. cholesterol d. photosynthesis; is spontaneous b. transmembrane proteins c. peripheral proteins 12. Which of the following is true about cellular d. lipoproteins respiration? a. ATP synthase deposits ATP directly into the 6. ATP produced during glycolysis is made through cytosol a. oxidative phosphorylation b. oxidative phosphorylation happens in any b. NADH oxidation location in the cell membrane c. substrate-level phosphorylation c. the Krebs cycle happens in the mitochondrial d. light-reactions in photosynthesis matrix d. the Krebs cycle happens in the cytosol 7. ATP synthase in the mitochondria a. produces ATP through the proton gradient that 13. Which of the following is the main reactant in the is created in the electron transport chain light reactions of photosynthesis?  a. carbon dioxide 19. What molecule produces the most amount of ATP b. NADPH when it is completely oxidized? c. oxygen gas a. pyruvate d. H2O b. acetyl CoA c. carbon dioxide 14. What can you say about the production of ATP d. glucose from ADP + Pi a. its ∆G is larger than 0 20. What is the net ATP and NADH molecules that are b. its ∆G is smaller than 0 produced from one glucose molecule in glycolysis? c. the reaction can be used to drive endergonic a. 2 ATP, 2 NADH reactions b. 4 ATP, 4 NADH d. the reaction yields free energy c. 2 ATP, 4 NADH d. 4 ATP, 2 NADH 15. What happens if a cell membrane suddenly had no transport proteins? 21. How are the mitochondria and chloroplasts a. The membrane would no longer be fluid. similar? b. The membrane would not be able to hold its a. Both create a proton gradient to create ATP shape b. Both increase the pH of their inner membrane c. The membrane would not be able to transport space potassium ions through the cell c. While ATP synthase is used to produce ATP in d. The membrane would not be able to the mitochondria, ATP reductase is used in the communicate with other cells chloroplast d. Both produce ATP that can be later used in 16. How do enzymes catalyze a reaction? regular cellular processes a. It adds energy to increase the rate of a reaction b. It adds kinetic energy to the reaction to speed it 22. The act of breaking glucose down into carbon up dioxide and water is an example of? c. It lowers the activation energy, or energy a. dehydration required to start the reaction b. catabolism d. The reaction uses an allosteric site rather than c. anabolism the active site d. denaturation 17. Which of the following is not a form of potential 23. How would a plant cell adjust for exposure to energy? colder weather than it is used to. a. ATP a. Reduce the amount of cholesterol in the b. a proton gradient membrane c. NADH b. Change the composition of the membrane to d. rubisco have phospholipid tails with more double bonds 18. Which of the following is not produced during the c. Change the composition of the membrane to Krebs cycle? have phospholipid tails with less double bonds a. CO2 d. Change the composition of the membrane to b. FADH 2 have phospholipid tails that are more saturated c. NADH d. NADPH 24. A change in ________ can denature an enzyme e. ATP which can cause it to ________. a. Substrate concentration; decrease activity  b. H+ concentration; increase activity c. aerobic respiration obtains energy from the c. pH and temperature; lose its shape mitochondria d. aerobic respiration produces water that is used 25. What is the main purpose of the pigments in light to create ATP reactions? a. Absorb photons and transfer light energy to the 31. Which of the following best describes the type of reaction center chlorophyll molecule NADH is? b. Produce NADPH a. coenzyme c. Increase H+ concentration in the stroma b. protein d. Reduce water into oxygen c. enzyme d. inorganic cofactor 26. A cell is placed into an environment where the concentration of glucose is higher outside of the cell. 32. An animal cell lacking in carbohydrates on the What is this called and in what direction will the water external surface of its cell membrane would likely be move? impaired in which function? a. hypertonic solution; out of the cell a. transporting charged ions across the membrane b. hypotonic solution; out of the cell b. cell-to-cell recognition c. hypertonic solution; into the cell c. production of a cell junction d. hypotonic solution; into the cell d. creating enzymatic activity 27. Where does the Calvin cycle occur? 33. What does it mean for a molecule to become a. in the cytosol reduced? b. chloroplast membrane a. The molecule loses electrons c. thylakoid membrane b. The molecule loses a proton d. stroma c. The molecule gains electrons d. The molecule gains a proton 28. Water has an important role in photosynthesis. How is it used? 34. How much CO2 is lost in the Krebs cycle for each a. electron acceptor glucose molecule? b. to power the Calvin cycle a. 2 c. electron donator b. 5 d. to produce CO2 in the Krebs cycle c. 6 d. 4 29. What pigment is responsible for a reddish yellow pigment found in leaves typically in the fall? 35. Given the following reaction diagram, is the a. chlorophyll reaction endergonic or exergonic? b. anthocyanins c. xanthophyll d. carotenoids 30. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP for every molecule of glucose compared to anaerobic respiration because a. anaerobic respiration produces pyruvate and NADH that can be used in the Krebs cycle a. Endergonic; it requires energy to form the b. all the carbons in glucose are oxidized to products carbon dioxide in aerobic respiration  b. Exergonic; energy is not required to form the a. Sodium potassium pump products b. Sodium glucose coupled transport c. Endergonic; there is more product than reactant c. Pinocytosis d. Exergonic; there is more reactant than product d. Sodium channel 36. What enzyme is used to fix CO 2 to produce 38. The best description of photorespiration would be: glucose? What process does this happen in? a. Rubisco fixes O2 , wasting energy and resources a. Rubisco; light reactions b. Rubisco fixes O 2 , producing G3P b. Rubisco; Calvin cycle c. RuBP fixes CO 2 , producing glucose c. Phosphofructokinase, Krebs cycle d. RuBP fixes O 2 , producing G3P d. Phosphofructokinase, Calvin cycle 37. Which of the following is not considered active transport? 39. Explain how the electron transport chain works to produce ATP. Mention all of the relevant processes and the enzyme that is used to produce ATP. 40. Draw how feedback inhibition works in a chain of three enzymes where the product of the previous enzyme is used as a substrate for the next one. 41. Illustrate how coupled transport for glucose and sodium works making sure to label where ATP is used, the inside/outside of the cell, and the concentrations on both sides of the membrane.