Stdy Guide Exam 2 PDF Biology Past Paper

Question 1 Energy cannot be A) created or destroyed, but it can be transformed. B) harvested or transferred, but it can be created. C) transferred or avoided, but it can be harvested. D) transformed or created, but it can be destroyed. Question 2 A wagon was sitting at the...

Question 1 Energy cannot be A) created or destroyed, but it can be transformed. B) harvested or transferred, but it can be created. C) transferred or avoided, but it can be harvested. D) transformed or created, but it can be destroyed. Question 2 A wagon was sitting at the top of a steep hill. Then, a baby climbed into the wagon and caused the wagon to roll downhill with the baby on board! On top of the hill, the wagon had ______________ energy that was ____________________ while the wagon was rolling downhill. A) potential; transformed into chemical energy B) potential; transformed into kinetic energy C) potential; transformed into ATP D) kinetic; is transformed into potential energy Question 3 ____________is the ability to do work A) Fuel B) Photosynthesis C) Energy D) Conservation Question 4 While energy transformations take place in organisms, some energy is “lost” to the organism’s environment in the form of A) O2. B) Heat. C) Glucose. D) CO2. Question 5 Chlorophyll reflects _______________ light. A) red and blue B) B) red C) C) orange D) D) green E) blue Question 6 Which of the following equations correctly summarizes photosynthesis? A) sunlight + O2 → CO2 + H2O + glucose B) sunlight + H2O + O2 → CO2 + glucose C) sunlight + H2O + CO2 → O2 + glucose  D) sunlight + glucose + CO2 → O2 + H2O E) sunlight + CO2 → O2 + H2O + glucose Question 7 The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from the splitting of A) water. B) light. C) glucose. D) CO2. Question 8 The organelle responsible for carrying out photosynthesis is the __________. A) ribosome. B) chloroplast. C) Golgi apparatus. D) nucleus. E) vacuole. Question 9 In which part of photosynthesis is CO2 fixed into a glucose molecule? A) The photo part, also known as the light dependent part. B) The synthesis part, also known as the light independent part. Question 10 What is the main enzyme used in CO2 fixation? A) carboxylase B) decarboxylase C) Rubisco D) photolyase Question 11  If a person measures 58 inches (4'8) and weighs 148 lbs, they are considered _______ based on the BMI chart. A) normal B) overweight C) obese D) extreme obese Question 12 How many Calories are in a 478,000 calorie hamburger? A) 47.8 B) 478 C) 4780 D) 47,800 Question 13 In humans, ________ is for short-term energy storage and ________ is for long-term energy storage. A) starch; fat B) glycogen; sugar C) glycogen; fat D) fat; glycogen Question 14  During cellular respiration, cells convert the chemical energy of food into a readily useable, energy-containing molecule called A) ADP. B) AMP. C) ATP. D) glycogen. Question 15 The end products of aerobic respiration are A) oxygen, water, and glucose. B) glucose, oxygen, and ATP. C) carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. D) carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP. Question 16 Which part of aerobic respiration produces the most energy? A) glycolysis B) citric acid cycle C) electron transport chain D) they all produce the same amount of energy Question 17  Most of the CO2 produced by aerobic cellular respiration is generated A) during the citric acid cycle. B) during photosynthesis in the chloroplast. C) during glycolysis in the cytoplasm. D) by the electron transport chain (including chemiosmosis). Question 18 Glycolysis occurs in the A) cytoplasm. B) mitochondria. C) nucleus. D) nucleoide. Question 19 Human muscle cells carry out fermentation when _______ is scarce; ______ is a final product of this fermentation. A) O2; pyruvate B) CO2; O2 C) glucose; glucose D) O2; lactic acid Question 20  What is a chromosome? A) a term used to describe all the genetic material found within a person's cells B) a starting material used for producing DNA in a cell C) a molecule of DNA, tightly wound around proteins D) a large protein that surrounds and protects DNA Question 21 DNA is a unique molecule A) attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. B) made of a single strand of nucleotides. C) in the cytoplasm D) passes on to offsprings from the mother but not the father common in living organisms Question 22 In the DNA structure, _____ bonds are found between the two strands of DNA, and _____ bonds are found in the backbone. A) covalent; hydrogen B) covalent; ionic C) hydrogen; ionic D) hydrogen; covalent Question 23 If you visualize a molecule of DNA as a ladder, what are the four nucleotide bases that form the “rungs” of the ladder ? A) adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine B) adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine C) adenine, thymine, guanine, phosphates D) adenine, cytosin, nitrogen, phosphate Question 24 One strand of DNA has this sequence: AATAGCCCGATC. Provide the complementary base pairs. Question 25 According to Chargaff's rule, if the total DNA of the cell is composed of 20% adenine, what will be the percentage of cytosine? A. 20% B. 60% C. 40% D. 30% Question 26 DNA replication is called semi-conservative, because _____________. 1.) one new mRNA molecule is formed. 2.) two DNA molecules are formed, each having one new and one old strand. 3.) one new mRNA strand and one old DNA strand are formed. 4.) two DNA molecules are formed, one with two new strands and one with two old strands. Question 27 DNA polymerase is an enzyme that: A. tightly winds DNA into chromosomes. B. removes sugars from nucleotides to link them together. C. makes complementary strands of DNA according to a template. D. deletes specific regions of DNA from a chromosome E.) breaks DNA down into fragments. Question 28 What are short tandem repeats (STRs)? A. Sequences of non-repeated DNA that are highly variable from person to B. Blocks of repeated RNA sequences (ie. AGCT) found at points along our chromosomes C. Blocks of repeated DNA sequences (ie. AGCT) that vary in length from person to person D. Blocks of repeated DNA sequences (ie. AGCT) that are highly similar from person to person Question 29 Which of the following is needed in DNA replication, but NOT needed in PCR? A. DNA B. DNA polymerase C. Helicase D. primers Question 30 Based on these results, who was mostly at the crime scene? A. suspect 1 B. suspect 2 C. suspect 3 Question 31  What was Franklin's contribution to the structure of DNA? A. The types of bonds found between the two strands. B. The correct number of DNA strands. C. The complementary base pairs. D. The bond is found in the backbone of DNA. Question 32 Genes A. are found within chromosomes. B. are templates for messenger RNA (mRNA). C. contain instructions for making proteins D. are made of DNA. E. All are correct. Question 33 You would expect to find this sugar in A. DNA. B. RNA. C. proteins, D. lipids. Question 34 RNA polymerase is an enzyme that ________ during the process of gene expression? A. reads the DNA sequence and produces amino acids B. reads the DNA sequence and produces proteins C. reads the DNA sequence and terminates gene expression D. reads the DNA sequence and produces mRNA and tRNA strands Question 35 Which part of the amino acid determines its folding? A. amino B. carboxyl C. central carbon D. side chain Question 36 Ribosomes are located in the _________ and their job is to ________. A. nucleus; make proteins during the process of transcription B. nucleus; make mRNA according to a gene sequence C. nucleolus; replicate DNA using a DNA template D. cytoplasm; make mRNA from amino acids E. cytoplasm; assemble proteins according to mRNA sequences Question 37 The regulatory sequence of a gene is the portion of DNA that A. determines when a protein is made. B. can “turn on” or “turn off” a gene. C. determines how much of a protein is made. D. determines in which cells a gene is expressed. E. All are correct Question 38 You want a yeast cell to secrete a Spider’s spidroin protein to be harvest into silk fibers. To do this, you will need to create a recombinant gene that has A. the coding sequence of a yeast gene joined with the coding region of a spider gene. B. the regulatory sequence of the spider gene joined with the non-coding sequence of the yeast gene. C. the regulatory sequence of the spider gene joined with coding region of a yeast gene. D. the regulatory sequence of the yeast gene joined with the coding sequence of the spider gene. Question 39 An animal modified by humans to carry genes from another species is called A. transgenic. B. complementary. C. cloned. D. antigenic. E. a hybrid species. Question 40 Gene expression occurs when the information of a ___________ is used to produce a _______. A. Proteins; gene B. gene; proteins C. monomer; polymer D. amino acid; gene E. amino acid; nucleic acid Question 41 Match the type of RNA with its role. A. mRNA provide the code to be translated at the ribosome brings in amino acids to the ribosome creates the bond between two amino acids at the ribosome B. tRNA provides the code to be translated at the ribosome brings in amino acids to the ribosome creates the bond between two amino acids at the ribosome C. rRNA provides the code to be translated at the ribosome brings in amino acids to the ribosome creates the bond between two amino acids at the ribosome Question 42 What is a genome? A. a short sequence of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic B. an individual molecule of DNA wound around proteins; humans have 23 pairs C. the complete set of genetic information encoded within the DNA of an organism D. the total amount of RNA within an organism E. the total number of base pairs within a gene Question 43 Codons are found in the ____________; anticodons are found in the A. tRNA; mRNA B. tRNA; DNA C. proteins; tRNA D. mRNA; tRNA E. mRNA; proteins Question 44 2 pts A mRNA molecule that is 300 bases long codes for a protein that has _____ amino acids. A. 600 B. 300 C. 100 D. 30 Question 45 4 pts This question has two parts. Provide the transcript for the following gene. Then, using the chart, translate it into the correct sequence of amino acids. TACTGCTTGGCCTCAACT