Biology Chapter 6: Energy and Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What process involves the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water?

catabolism

Which enzyme is used in chloroplasts to produce ATP?

  • NADPH oxidase
  • Rubisco
  • ATP reductase (correct)
  • ATP synthase
  • Enzymes speed up reactions by increasing the activation energy.

    False

    Which of the following is not produced during the Krebs cycle?

    <p>NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A change in ________ can denature an enzyme which can cause it to ________.

    <p>pH and temperature; lose its shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each form of energy with its classification:

    <p>ATP = Not a potential energy Proton gradient = Potential energy NADH = Potential energy Rubisco = Not a form of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method would a plant cell use to adjust for colder weather?

    <p>Change membrane phospholipid tails to more double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A proton gradient is a form of potential energy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does aerobic respiration produce more ATP from glucose than anaerobic respiration?

    <p>All the carbons in glucose are oxidized to carbon dioxide in aerobic respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rubisco is the enzyme responsible for fixing O2 to produce glucose.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is involved in the Calvin cycle for fixing CO2?

    <p>Rubisco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During respiration, glucose is converted to ____ in the Krebs cycle.

    <p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their descriptions:

    <p>Endergonic = Requires energy input Exergonic = Releases energy Active transport = Movement against concentration gradient Passive transport = Movement along concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the pigments in light reactions?

    <p>Absorb photons and transfer light energy to the reaction center chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the type of molecule NADH is?

    <p>Coenzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of energy available to do work is called?

    <p>Free energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cell in a hypotonic solution will have water moving out of the cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive diffusion requires energy to occur.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule is produced when glucose is broken down during glycolysis?

    <p>2 pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water is used in photosynthesis primarily as an electron ______.

    <p>donator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration produces the most ATP from __________.

    <p>oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pigment is responsible for a reddish yellow pigment found in leaves typically in the fall?

    <p>Carotenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do glycolysis and the Krebs cycle occur?

    <p>Cytosol and mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For each glucose molecule, 6 CO2 are lost in the Krebs cycle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their characteristics:

    <p>Cellular respiration = Produces ATP from glucose Photosynthesis = Converts light energy into chemical energy Glycolysis = Breaks down glucose into pyruvate Krebs cycle = Releases carbon dioxide and creates electron carriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes to their descriptions:

    <p>Krebs cycle = Produces ATP and NADH Calvin cycle = Uses CO2 to synthesize glucose Light reactions = Convert light energy to chemical energy Electron transport chain = Produces ATP through chemiosmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NADPH is produced only through the Calvin cycle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O represents __________.

    <p>cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of ATP production occurs during glycolysis?

    <p>Substrate-level phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reactant in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>water (H2O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP synthase in the mitochondria produces ATP through the __________ created by the electron transport chain.

    <p>proton gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net production of ATP and NADH from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

    <p>2 ATP, 2 NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a cell membrane suddenly had no transport proteins, it would still be able to transport potassium ions effectively.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molecule that produces the most amount of ATP when completely oxidized is __________.

    <p>glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes or structures with their functions:

    <p>Photosynthesis = Converts light energy to chemical energy Cellular respiration = Breaks down glucose to produce ATP ATP synthase = Produces ATP using a proton gradient Krebs cycle = Generates electron carriers NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy and Metabolism

    • Free energy is the amount of energy available to do work.
    • Entropy is the measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
    • Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
    • Passive diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
    • Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy, or the energy required to start the reaction.

    Cellular Respiration

    • Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water to obtain energy.
    • Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, which occurs in the cytosol.
    • It breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
    • In glycolysis, ATP is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation.
    • The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions that take place in the mitochondrial matrix, where pyruvate is further broken down into carbon dioxide.
    • The electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, creating a proton gradient.
    • ATP synthase uses this proton gradient to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

    Photosynthesis

    • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
    • Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, which are organelles found in plants.
    • Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts where light energy is captured by chlorophyll.
    • The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts where carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose using energy from the light reactions.
    • Rubisco is the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
    • Photorespiration occurs when rubisco binds to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, which wastes energy and resources.

    Membrane Transport

    • The cell membrane regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.
    • Transmembrane proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and provide channels or carriers for the transport of molecules.
    • Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
    • Passive transport does not require energy to move molecules down their concentration gradient.
    • Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

    NADH and NADPH

    • NADH and NADPH are electron carriers that play a crucial role in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Their role is to transfer electrons between different molecules.
    • NADH is primarily involved in cellular respiration, while NADPH is primarily involved in photosynthesis.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts related to energy and metabolism in biological systems. Topics include free energy, entropy, kinetic energy, and the processes involved in cellular respiration, such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Test your understanding of how organisms convert glucose into usable energy.

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