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Questions and Answers
What process involves the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water?
What process involves the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water?
catabolism
Which enzyme is used in chloroplasts to produce ATP?
Which enzyme is used in chloroplasts to produce ATP?
Enzymes speed up reactions by increasing the activation energy.
Enzymes speed up reactions by increasing the activation energy.
False
Which of the following is not produced during the Krebs cycle?
Which of the following is not produced during the Krebs cycle?
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A change in ________ can denature an enzyme which can cause it to ________.
A change in ________ can denature an enzyme which can cause it to ________.
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Match each form of energy with its classification:
Match each form of energy with its classification:
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Which method would a plant cell use to adjust for colder weather?
Which method would a plant cell use to adjust for colder weather?
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A proton gradient is a form of potential energy.
A proton gradient is a form of potential energy.
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Why does aerobic respiration produce more ATP from glucose than anaerobic respiration?
Why does aerobic respiration produce more ATP from glucose than anaerobic respiration?
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Rubisco is the enzyme responsible for fixing O2 to produce glucose.
Rubisco is the enzyme responsible for fixing O2 to produce glucose.
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What enzyme is involved in the Calvin cycle for fixing CO2?
What enzyme is involved in the Calvin cycle for fixing CO2?
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During respiration, glucose is converted to ____ in the Krebs cycle.
During respiration, glucose is converted to ____ in the Krebs cycle.
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Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
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What is the main purpose of the pigments in light reactions?
What is the main purpose of the pigments in light reactions?
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Which of the following best describes the type of molecule NADH is?
Which of the following best describes the type of molecule NADH is?
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The amount of energy available to do work is called?
The amount of energy available to do work is called?
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A cell in a hypotonic solution will have water moving out of the cell.
A cell in a hypotonic solution will have water moving out of the cell.
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Passive diffusion requires energy to occur.
Passive diffusion requires energy to occur.
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Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
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What molecule is produced when glucose is broken down during glycolysis?
What molecule is produced when glucose is broken down during glycolysis?
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Water is used in photosynthesis primarily as an electron ______.
Water is used in photosynthesis primarily as an electron ______.
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Cellular respiration produces the most ATP from __________.
Cellular respiration produces the most ATP from __________.
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What pigment is responsible for a reddish yellow pigment found in leaves typically in the fall?
What pigment is responsible for a reddish yellow pigment found in leaves typically in the fall?
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Where do glycolysis and the Krebs cycle occur?
Where do glycolysis and the Krebs cycle occur?
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For each glucose molecule, 6 CO2 are lost in the Krebs cycle.
For each glucose molecule, 6 CO2 are lost in the Krebs cycle.
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Match the following processes with their characteristics:
Match the following processes with their characteristics:
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Match the following processes to their descriptions:
Match the following processes to their descriptions:
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NADPH is produced only through the Calvin cycle.
NADPH is produced only through the Calvin cycle.
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The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O represents __________.
The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O represents __________.
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Which method of ATP production occurs during glycolysis?
Which method of ATP production occurs during glycolysis?
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Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
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What is the main reactant in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
What is the main reactant in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
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ATP synthase in the mitochondria produces ATP through the __________ created by the electron transport chain.
ATP synthase in the mitochondria produces ATP through the __________ created by the electron transport chain.
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What is the net production of ATP and NADH from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?
What is the net production of ATP and NADH from glycolysis per molecule of glucose?
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If a cell membrane suddenly had no transport proteins, it would still be able to transport potassium ions effectively.
If a cell membrane suddenly had no transport proteins, it would still be able to transport potassium ions effectively.
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The molecule that produces the most amount of ATP when completely oxidized is __________.
The molecule that produces the most amount of ATP when completely oxidized is __________.
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Match the following processes or structures with their functions:
Match the following processes or structures with their functions:
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Study Notes
Energy and Metabolism
- Free energy is the amount of energy available to do work.
- Entropy is the measure of disorder or randomness in a system.
- Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
- Passive diffusion is the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy, or the energy required to start the reaction.
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose into carbon dioxide and water to obtain energy.
- Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, which occurs in the cytosol.
- It breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
- In glycolysis, ATP is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation.
- The Krebs cycle is a series of reactions that take place in the mitochondrial matrix, where pyruvate is further broken down into carbon dioxide.
- The electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, creating a proton gradient.
- ATP synthase uses this proton gradient to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
- Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, which are organelles found in plants.
- Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts where light energy is captured by chlorophyll.
- The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts where carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose using energy from the light reactions.
- Rubisco is the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
- Photorespiration occurs when rubisco binds to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, which wastes energy and resources.
Membrane Transport
- The cell membrane regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.
- Transmembrane proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and provide channels or carriers for the transport of molecules.
- Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
- Passive transport does not require energy to move molecules down their concentration gradient.
- Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
NADH and NADPH
- NADH and NADPH are electron carriers that play a crucial role in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Their role is to transfer electrons between different molecules.
- NADH is primarily involved in cellular respiration, while NADPH is primarily involved in photosynthesis.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to energy and metabolism in biological systems. Topics include free energy, entropy, kinetic energy, and the processes involved in cellular respiration, such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Test your understanding of how organisms convert glucose into usable energy.