MEDIEVAL-GOTHIC REVIEWER (1).pdf

ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 8th -12th century GEOGRAPHICAL - combination of Roman and Byzantine Architecture basically roman in style. Period of the rise of Religious orders. GEOLOGICAL - most common materials used for...

ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 8th -12th century GEOGRAPHICAL - combination of Roman and Byzantine Architecture basically roman in style. Period of the rise of Religious orders. GEOLOGICAL - most common materials used for THE CATHEDRAL COMPLEX OF PISA constructions were stone, brick Cathedral marble or terra cotta, as well as Baptistery a space, area, or ready-made columns and features separate building of a church or from the old Roman buildings. cathedral, containing a font where baptism take place. CLIMATIC Campanile bell tower, freestanding Northern Portion: Dull climate contributed or attached to a building. to the use of: Camposanto a cemetery a. small windows to minimize sun surrounded by a colonnade. shading. b. High pitch roof to throw o rain and snow CHURCH BUILDINGS It is a building used for public Christian RELIGIOUS Worship. Christianity resulted into erection of a church. Papacy had great power and Types Of Church Buildings influence. 1. Church – it is a building that houses a permanent congregation led by a SOCIAL AND POLITICAL pastor or parish priest. Establishment of “Feudal System” 2. Chapel – it is a building or room within another building used for worship that has no permanent ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER congregation or priest/ pastor. - "Roman - like“ 3. Cathedral – it is a church that is the - Heavy articulated masonry seat of a bishop named after construction with narrow openings, cathedra or a teaching chair. round arches, barrel vaults and 4. Basilica sparse ornament. Basilica Major – personal churches - Known in England as Norman of Pope in Europe Architecture. Basilica Minor – scattered around - Sober and Dignified the world awarded status by the - Developed in Italy, France, pope. Germany, and England. PARTS OF CHURCH Church Portal Church Plan Churches gradually changed to cross-shaped plans formed by wings called transepts and the choir. "It Towers at the west and east ends and the crossing of nave and transepts. CLOISTERS - A covered walk having an arcade or colonnade on one side opening onto a courtyard. Church Interior ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER forming arched diagonal arises called Round Arches / Arcades groins – Rib or Ribbed vault a vault supported by a decorated with arched diagonal ribs Blind Arcades Massive Thick Walls VAULTS BAYS Small Openings – Quadripartite (4) - a rib vault divided into four parts by intersecting diagonal ribs. – Sexpartite (6) -a rib vault divided into six compartments by two diagonal ribs and Dark Solemn Interiors three transverse ribs. BUTTRESS - An external support built to stabilize a structure by opposing its outward thrust, especially a projecting support built into or against the outside of a masonry wall. VAULTS – Barrel vault a vault having a semicircular cross section. – Groin vault a compound vault formed by the perpendicular intersection of two vaults,  WHEEL WINDOW a rose window – The Corinthian capital is essentially round having distinctly radiating mullions at the bottom where it sits on a circular or bars. column and square at the top, where it supports the wall or arch. – This form of capital was maintained in the general proportions and outline of the Romanesque capital. – highly decorative Corinthian Capitals PIERS ARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLES TOWER/ DOUBLE TOWER PIAZZA DEI MIRACOLI, Italy – Field of Miracles/ Square Miracles also known as Piazza del Duomo – 56126 Pisa PI, Tuscan, Central Italy CAPITALS – The foliate Corinthian style provided the inspiration for many NOTRE DAME DU PORT, France Romanesque capitals, and the accuracy with – characterized by the use which they were carved of inlaid decoration depended very much on formed of di erent colors. the availability of – Light stone vaults. original models. – 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France  S. MADELEINE, Vezelay WORCESTER CATHEDRAL, England The church with a The cathedral remarkable narthex embodies many believed to have the features that are earliest pointed cross- highly typical of vault in France during the an English Romanesque medieval cathedral. Like the cathedrals of period. Salisbury and Lincoln, it has two transepts crossing the nave, rather than the single DURHAM CATHEDRAL, England transept usual on the Continent. also typical of English cathedrals in having a chapter It is the Cathedral, house and cloister. Monastery and Castle stands in the CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL, defensive territory England near River Wear. The largest and one of the oldest and greatest example of Norman Architecture most famous (Style 11th–12th Century) and the first to use Christian structures Pointed Vaulted Stone which transpires to in England. It forms Gothic Architecture. It also stands as a part of a World refuge of war. Heritage Site. Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury. AIX-LA CHAPELLE CATHEDRAL, Germany – Built by emperor Charlemagne as his “royal tomb house” – Place of coronation of the Holy Roman Emperors. WORMS CATHEDRAL, Germany – Typical German Romanesque church – Remained the seat of Bishops, Archbishops and electors for 1,500 years  ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE IN GENERAL - massive, thick, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, towers. CHURCHES IN THE PHILIPPINES INSPIRED FROM ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE CUBAO CATHEDRAL known as Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Cubao MANILA CATHEDRAL, Intramuros The Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception MANAOG CHURCH, Pangasinan The Minor Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary of Manaoag GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 12TH -16TH CENTURY Architectural Character - “Style Ogival” - Progressive and lightening and heightening of structure. - Use of the pointed arch and ribbed vault. - Structural honesty CHURCH PARTS - Richly decorated fenestration ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER LARGE WINDOWS FLYING BUTTRESS Well lighted color An inclined bar of masonry carried on a segmental arch and transmitting an outward and downward thrust from a roof or vault to a solid buttress that through its mass transforms the thrust into a vertical THIN WALLS one. reinforced by buttresses on the sides and flying buttresses on top for the upper walls. COLUMNS Tall and thin GARGOYLES A grotesquely carved figure of a human or animal, esp. one with an open mouth that serves as a spout and projects from a gutter to throw rainwater clear of a building. RIB OR RIBBED VAULT CEILING A vault supported by or decorated with arched diagonal ribs.  GALLERY SPIRE Upper Spire, in architecture, facade steeply pointed pyramidal or conical termination to a tower. POINTED In its mature Gothic ARCHES development, the spire was To distributed vault's load an elongated, slender form in a more vertical manner. Adapted that was a spectacular from Islamic architecture visual culmination of the building as well as a symbol of the heavenly aspirations of pious medieval men. ROSE WINDOW Bigger than the Romanesque Inspired from Roman Oculus Highly complex design petals of rose. TRACERY An ornamental stone openwork, typically in the upper part of a Gothic window supporting the glass. A delicate branching pattern. Came from the word trace because builders trace the patterns from the ground  FOIL ornamental vaulting, and refined - is an architectural device based on a stone-cutting techniques. symmetrical rendering of leaf 3. Perpendicular shapes, defined by overlapping -also rectilinear, late circles that produce a series of cusps period, or Lancastrian to make a lobe. -perpendicular tracery - Can be multifoil depending on the (use of a lacework of number of cusps. Commonly used in vertical glazing bars). gothic and Islamic architecture Fine intricate stonework, and elaborate fan vault FRENCH GOTHIC 1. A lancettes -pointed arches and geometric traceried windows. 2. Rayonnant -circular windows, wheel tracery 3. Flamboyant -flowing and flamelike STAINED tracery. GLASS Are colorful NOTABLE EXAMPLES glass patterns YORK CATHEDRAL illustrating stories from the bible ENGLISH GOTHIC 1. Early English -also known as Lancet, first Pointed or Early - A beautiful and imposing Gothic cathedral Plantagenet. in York, Northern England. It is the seat of -use of lancet-shaped an archbishop second in rank only to that of arches and plate tracery Canterbury and boasts a huge collection of 2. Decorated medieval stained glass. Style -geometrical and WESTMINSTER ABBEY curvilinear, middle - one of the largest pointed, Edwardian, or Benedictine later Plantagenet -rich monasteries. tracery, elaborate Comprises an Abbey church & a square SPAIN cloister court. It was built by several master SEVILLE CATHEDRAL masons & master carpenters. Master Henry -Seville, Andalusia, Yevelve, Hugh Herland & John James. It is Spain geometric in style w/ pinnacles and tracery - Largest Gothic windows. Cathedral in Spain WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL - Third largest has greatest total length cathedral in the (560 ft.) than any world Medieval Cathedral - Replaced Hagia Sophia in its completion - Burial place of Christopher Columbus - Architects: Alonso Martínez, Pedro Dancart, Carles Galtés de Ruan, SALISBURY CATHEDRAL Alonso Rodríguez -It boast o central tower with the loftiest GERMANY spire. ULM CATHEDRAL - It is the tallest cathedral in the world - 4th tallest structure built before the 20th Century ITALY - The tallest gothic spire in SIENA CATHEDRAL Europe Notable for the - Its not a cathedral as it has striped marble used never been seat of a bishop on walls and piers and on the COLOGNE CATHEDRAL campanile, this - Largest Gothic Church in building is one of the Northern Europe most stupendous - 515 ft tall cathedral towers undertakings since the building of Pisa and 91,000.00 floor area Cathedral for it involved all its artists in its construction and adornment. MILAN CATHEDRAL FRANCE - Milan, Italy Basilica Cathedral - Also known as the of Saint Denis Duomo First church built in Gothic - The 5th largest Style Cathedral in the world - The largest church in Italy - It has the most statues/ spires  REIMS CATHEDRAL CHURCHES IN THE - Place du Cardinal PHILIPPINES INSPIRED FROM Luçon, 51100 Reims, France GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE - Coordination church of France where Kings IGLESIA NI CRISTO were crowned Neo Gothic Architecture - West façade 500 statues CHARTRES CATHEDRAL SAN SEBASTIAN This French Gothic CHURCH cathedral is - The first all steel remarkable for the church in the wonderful 13th Philippines century stained glass - Neo Gothic of its 130 windows - Revival of Gothic and for the profusion of fine sculptured - Quiapo, Manila figures in the doorways of the west front - Genaro Palacios and in the triple porches of the north and - No weld, all bolts south transepts. - Interior painted to look like stones NOTRE DAME de PARIS - Notre Dame Cathedral One of the oldest French Gothic Church - Started by Bishop Maurice de Sully