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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a buttress in architecture?

  • To function as part of the roof structure
  • To create an enclosed space
  • To serve as a decorative feature
  • To stabilize a structure against external forces (correct)

    • What characteristic defining feature does a barrel vault have?

  • A rectangular base
  • A semicircular cross section (correct)
  • An angular design
  • A circular cross section

    • What distinguishes the Corinthian capital from others?

  • It primarily uses octagonal shapes
  • It has simple and plain features
  • It is elaborately decorated with foliate designs (correct)
  • It has a base that is round and angular

    • Which of the following best describes a groin vault?

    <p>A vault created by the intersection of two barrel vaults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT found in Piazza dei Miracoli?

    <p>The Basilica of Saint Mary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Romanesque capitals inspired by the Corinthian style?

    <p>Their decoration relies on the availability of the original models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element is commonly found at the bottom of a wheel window?

    <p>Distinctly radiating mullions or bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural feature is commonly associated with Notre Dame du Port in France?

    <p>Inlaid decorations of different colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes ULM Cathedral from other cathedrals?

    <p>It is the tallest cathedral in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about Siena Cathedral?

    <p>It uses striped marble on its walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Cologne Cathedral notable?

    <p>It is the largest Gothic church in Northern Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of Milan Cathedral?

    <p>It has the most statues of any church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature describes Reims Cathedral?

    <p>It is where kings of France were crowned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Chartres Cathedral especially known for?

    <p>Its 13th century stained glass windows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does the San Sebastian Church in the Philippines have?

    <p>It is considered neo-Gothic architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural style is characterized by massive, thick arches and groin vaults?

    <p>Romanesque Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the Basilica Cathedral of Saint Denis?

    <p>It was the first church built in Gothic style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the AIX-LA CHAPELLE CATHEDRAL?

    <p>A royal tomb house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT part of Gothic architecture?

    <p>Massive stone walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cathedral remained the seat of bishops, archbishops, and electors for 1,500 years?

    <p>WORMS CATHEDRAL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following churches in the Philippines is inspired by Romanesque architecture?

    <p>Cubao Cathedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the typical architectural style of churches in the Philippines that were inspired by Romanesque architecture?

    <p>Romanesque Revival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature defines the Gothic style known as 'Style Ogival'?

    <p>Pointed arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a rose window in Gothic architecture?

    <p>To serve as a visual centerpiece and symbol of heavenly aspirations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which centuries did Gothic architecture particularly flourish?

    <p>12th - 16th Century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'tracery' refer to in Gothic architecture?

    <p>An ornamental stone openwork supporting glass in windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines multifoil shapes in Gothic architecture?

    <p>They produce a series of cusps through overlapping circles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes French Gothic architecture?

    <p>Use of pointed arches and geometric traceried windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tracery is characterized by flowing and flame-like patterns?

    <p>Flamboyant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Islamic architecture influenced Gothic architecture?

    <p>Lacework and vertical glazing bars in window design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature of perpendicular tracery?

    <p>A lacework of vertical glazing bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'foil' refer to in Gothic architectural design?

    <p>An architectural device based on overlapping circles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials were most commonly used in Romanesque architecture?

    <p>Stone, brick, marble, or terra cotta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of Northern climate influenced architectural design in the Romanesque period?

    <p>High pitch roofs to throw off rain and snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the rise of religious orders impact architecture during the 8th to 12th century?

    <p>It increased the demand for church buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a baptistery in Romanesque architecture?

    <p>A space for baptism ceremonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a chapel in the context of Romanesque church architecture?

    <p>A room for worship without a permanent congregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which architectural feature is associated with a campanile?

    <p>A freestanding bell tower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the papacy play in the architecture of the Romanesque period?

    <p>It fueled architectural innovation through its power and influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the Romanesque architectural style?

    <p>Roman-like structural elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Romanesque Architecture (8th - 12th Century)

    • Blended Roman and Byzantine architectural styles, primarily Roman in character.
    • Significant growth in religious orders during this period.
    • Common construction materials included stone, brick, marble, and terra cotta; often used ready-made columns from Roman ruins.
    • Architectural features catered to the dull climate of the northern regions: small windows, high pitch roofs to manage rain and snow.

    Church Buildings

    • Defined as spaces for public Christian worship, with an emphasis on the Papacy’s power and influence.
    • Varieties include:
      • Church: Permanent institution with a congregation.
      • Chapel: Smaller, often within larger buildings, with no permanent congregation.
      • Buttress: External supports to stabilize walls through outward thrust.

    Vaults

    • Barrel Vault: Semicircular cross-section vault.
    • Groin Vault: Formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults.

    Architectural Elements

    • Wheel Window (Rose Window): Complex, radiating design elements.
    • Capitals: Often featured Corinthian styles, characterized by decorative foliation.

    Notable Architectural Examples

    • Piazza dei Miracoli, Italy: Known as the Field of Miracles; includes the Cathedral, Baptistery, and Campanile.
    • Notre Dame du Port, France: Known for inlaid decorative elements.
    • Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral, Germany: Built by Charlemagne as his royal tomb.
    • Worms Cathedral, Germany: A notable example of German Romanesque architecture.

    Architectural Characteristics

    • Features massive and thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, and towers.

    Romanesque Influences in the Philippines

    • Cubao Cathedral: Also known as Immaculate Conception Cathedral.
    • Manila Cathedral: The Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception.
    • Manaoag Church: Minor Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary.

    Gothic Architecture (12th - 16th Century)

    • Emphasizes verticality and openness, utilizing pointed arches and ribbed vaults.
    • Rose Windows: Larger and more complex than Romanesque versions, symbolizing heavenly aspirations.
    • Tracery: Decorative stonework supporting stained glass in Gothic windows.

    Key Gothic Architectural Elements

    • Foil: Symmetrical leaf-shaped designs created through overlapping circles.
    • Perpendicular Tracery: Characterized by vertical glazing bars, originating in late Gothic architecture.

    Notable Gothic Cathedrals

    • Ulm Cathedral: Tallest cathedral globally and fourth tallest structure before the 20th century.
    • Cologne Cathedral: The largest Gothic church in Northern Europe, towering at 515 feet.
    • Siena Cathedral, Italy: Known for its notable striped marble façade.

    Famous Gothic Churches in France

    • Reims Cathedral: Site of royal coronations, features a west façade adorned with 500 statues.
    • Chartres Cathedral: Renowned for 13th-century stained glass and detailed sculptural doorways.

    Gothic Influences in the Philippines

    • Iglesia ni Cristo: Displays Neo-Gothic architecture.
    • San Sebastian Church: The first all-steel church in the Philippines, noted for its revival of Gothic style.

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