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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a buttress in architecture?
What is the primary purpose of a buttress in architecture?
- To function as part of the roof structure
- To create an enclosed space
- To serve as a decorative feature
- To stabilize a structure against external forces (correct)
What characteristic defining feature does a barrel vault have?
What characteristic defining feature does a barrel vault have?
- A rectangular base
- A semicircular cross section (correct)
- An angular design
- A circular cross section
What distinguishes the Corinthian capital from others?
What distinguishes the Corinthian capital from others?
- It primarily uses octagonal shapes
- It has simple and plain features
- It is elaborately decorated with foliate designs (correct)
- It has a base that is round and angular
Which of the following best describes a groin vault?
Which of the following best describes a groin vault?
Which of the following structures is NOT found in Piazza dei Miracoli?
Which of the following structures is NOT found in Piazza dei Miracoli?
What is a key characteristic of the Romanesque capitals inspired by the Corinthian style?
What is a key characteristic of the Romanesque capitals inspired by the Corinthian style?
What element is commonly found at the bottom of a wheel window?
What element is commonly found at the bottom of a wheel window?
Which architectural feature is commonly associated with Notre Dame du Port in France?
Which architectural feature is commonly associated with Notre Dame du Port in France?
What distinguishes ULM Cathedral from other cathedrals?
What distinguishes ULM Cathedral from other cathedrals?
Which of the following statements is true about Siena Cathedral?
Which of the following statements is true about Siena Cathedral?
What makes Cologne Cathedral notable?
What makes Cologne Cathedral notable?
What is a significant feature of Milan Cathedral?
What is a significant feature of Milan Cathedral?
Which feature describes Reims Cathedral?
Which feature describes Reims Cathedral?
What is Chartres Cathedral especially known for?
What is Chartres Cathedral especially known for?
What characteristic does the San Sebastian Church in the Philippines have?
What characteristic does the San Sebastian Church in the Philippines have?
Which architectural style is characterized by massive, thick arches and groin vaults?
Which architectural style is characterized by massive, thick arches and groin vaults?
Which statement is true about the Basilica Cathedral of Saint Denis?
Which statement is true about the Basilica Cathedral of Saint Denis?
What was the primary purpose of the AIX-LA CHAPELLE CATHEDRAL?
What was the primary purpose of the AIX-LA CHAPELLE CATHEDRAL?
Which characteristic is NOT part of Gothic architecture?
Which characteristic is NOT part of Gothic architecture?
Which cathedral remained the seat of bishops, archbishops, and electors for 1,500 years?
Which cathedral remained the seat of bishops, archbishops, and electors for 1,500 years?
Which of the following churches in the Philippines is inspired by Romanesque architecture?
Which of the following churches in the Philippines is inspired by Romanesque architecture?
What term describes the typical architectural style of churches in the Philippines that were inspired by Romanesque architecture?
What term describes the typical architectural style of churches in the Philippines that were inspired by Romanesque architecture?
Which feature defines the Gothic style known as 'Style Ogival'?
Which feature defines the Gothic style known as 'Style Ogival'?
What is the primary purpose of a rose window in Gothic architecture?
What is the primary purpose of a rose window in Gothic architecture?
During which centuries did Gothic architecture particularly flourish?
During which centuries did Gothic architecture particularly flourish?
What does the term 'tracery' refer to in Gothic architecture?
What does the term 'tracery' refer to in Gothic architecture?
What defines multifoil shapes in Gothic architecture?
What defines multifoil shapes in Gothic architecture?
Which characteristic distinguishes French Gothic architecture?
Which characteristic distinguishes French Gothic architecture?
What type of tracery is characterized by flowing and flame-like patterns?
What type of tracery is characterized by flowing and flame-like patterns?
Which aspect of Islamic architecture influenced Gothic architecture?
Which aspect of Islamic architecture influenced Gothic architecture?
What is the main feature of perpendicular tracery?
What is the main feature of perpendicular tracery?
What does the term 'foil' refer to in Gothic architectural design?
What does the term 'foil' refer to in Gothic architectural design?
What materials were most commonly used in Romanesque architecture?
What materials were most commonly used in Romanesque architecture?
Which characteristic of Northern climate influenced architectural design in the Romanesque period?
Which characteristic of Northern climate influenced architectural design in the Romanesque period?
How did the rise of religious orders impact architecture during the 8th to 12th century?
How did the rise of religious orders impact architecture during the 8th to 12th century?
What is the function of a baptistery in Romanesque architecture?
What is the function of a baptistery in Romanesque architecture?
What defines a chapel in the context of Romanesque church architecture?
What defines a chapel in the context of Romanesque church architecture?
Which architectural feature is associated with a campanile?
Which architectural feature is associated with a campanile?
What role did the papacy play in the architecture of the Romanesque period?
What role did the papacy play in the architecture of the Romanesque period?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Romanesque architectural style?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Romanesque architectural style?
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Study Notes
Romanesque Architecture (8th - 12th Century)
- Blended Roman and Byzantine architectural styles, primarily Roman in character.
- Significant growth in religious orders during this period.
- Common construction materials included stone, brick, marble, and terra cotta; often used ready-made columns from Roman ruins.
- Architectural features catered to the dull climate of the northern regions: small windows, high pitch roofs to manage rain and snow.
Church Buildings
- Defined as spaces for public Christian worship, with an emphasis on the Papacy’s power and influence.
- Varieties include:
- Church: Permanent institution with a congregation.
- Chapel: Smaller, often within larger buildings, with no permanent congregation.
- Buttress: External supports to stabilize walls through outward thrust.
Vaults
- Barrel Vault: Semicircular cross-section vault.
- Groin Vault: Formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults.
Architectural Elements
- Wheel Window (Rose Window): Complex, radiating design elements.
- Capitals: Often featured Corinthian styles, characterized by decorative foliation.
Notable Architectural Examples
- Piazza dei Miracoli, Italy: Known as the Field of Miracles; includes the Cathedral, Baptistery, and Campanile.
- Notre Dame du Port, France: Known for inlaid decorative elements.
- Aix-la-Chapelle Cathedral, Germany: Built by Charlemagne as his royal tomb.
- Worms Cathedral, Germany: A notable example of German Romanesque architecture.
Architectural Characteristics
- Features massive and thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, and towers.
Romanesque Influences in the Philippines
- Cubao Cathedral: Also known as Immaculate Conception Cathedral.
- Manila Cathedral: The Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception.
- Manaoag Church: Minor Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary.
Gothic Architecture (12th - 16th Century)
- Emphasizes verticality and openness, utilizing pointed arches and ribbed vaults.
- Rose Windows: Larger and more complex than Romanesque versions, symbolizing heavenly aspirations.
- Tracery: Decorative stonework supporting stained glass in Gothic windows.
Key Gothic Architectural Elements
- Foil: Symmetrical leaf-shaped designs created through overlapping circles.
- Perpendicular Tracery: Characterized by vertical glazing bars, originating in late Gothic architecture.
Notable Gothic Cathedrals
- Ulm Cathedral: Tallest cathedral globally and fourth tallest structure before the 20th century.
- Cologne Cathedral: The largest Gothic church in Northern Europe, towering at 515 feet.
- Siena Cathedral, Italy: Known for its notable striped marble façade.
Famous Gothic Churches in France
- Reims Cathedral: Site of royal coronations, features a west façade adorned with 500 statues.
- Chartres Cathedral: Renowned for 13th-century stained glass and detailed sculptural doorways.
Gothic Influences in the Philippines
- Iglesia ni Cristo: Displays Neo-Gothic architecture.
- San Sebastian Church: The first all-steel church in the Philippines, noted for its revival of Gothic style.
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