Romanesque and Gothic Architecture PDF

ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE  ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 8TH -12TH CENTURY GEOGRAPHICAL - combination of Roman and Byzantine Architecture basically roman in style. Period of the rise of Religious orders. GEOLOGICAL - most common materials used for constructions were...

ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE  ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 8TH -12TH CENTURY GEOGRAPHICAL - combination of Roman and Byzantine Architecture basically roman in style. Period of the rise of Religious orders. GEOLOGICAL - most common materials used for constructions were stone, brick marble or terra cotta, as well as ready-made columns and features from the old Roman buildings. CLIMATIC - Northern Portion: Dull climate contributed to the use of: a. small windows to minimize sun shading. b. High pitch roof to throw off rain and snow. RELIGIOUS - Christianity resulted into erection of a church. Papacy had great power and influence. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL - Establishment of “Feudal System” ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER - "Roman - like“ - Heavy articulated masonry construction with narrow openings, round arches, barrel vaults and sparse ornament. - Known in England as Norman The Cathedral Complex of Pisa Architecture. - Sober and Dignified - Developed in Italy, France, Germany, and England. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE The Cathedral Complex of Pisa Cathedral Baptistery - a space, area, or separate building of a church or cathedral, containing a font where baptism take place. Campanile - bell tower, freestanding or attached to a building. Camposanto - a cemetery surrounded by a colonnade. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE CHURCH BUILDINGS It is a building used for public Christian Worship. TYPES OF CHURCH BUILDINGS 1. Church – it is a building that houses a permanent congregation led by a pastor or parish priest. 2. Chapel – it is a building or room within another building used for worship that has no permanent congregation or priest/ pastor. 3. Cathedral – it is a church that is the seat of a bishop named after cathedra or a teaching chair. 4. Basilica – Basilica Major – personal churches of Pope in Europe – Basilica Minor – scattered around the world awarded status by the pope. PARTS OF CHURCH CHURCH PLAN Churches gradually changed to cross-shaped plans formed by wings called transepts and the choir. "It Towers at the west and east ends and the crossing of nave and transepts. EARLY CHRISTIAN ROMANESQUE Basilican plan Latin Cross TOWER AISLE TRANSEPT AMBULATORY NARTHEX NAVE CROSSING CHOIR APSE TOWER AISLE TRANSEPT PORCH CHURCH INTERIOR Interior elevation: it consists of three levels: Clerestory (Third Floor): area of windows opening to the outside. Triforium (Second floor) with the tribune (corridor over looking the nave, over the aisles), also gallery. Nave Arcade (First floor) with columns or cross-shaped pillars. CHURCH PORTAL lintel tympanum last judgment/ mission of the apostles  Jamb column Jamb Figure Lintel Colonnette CLOISTERS - A covered walk having an arcade or colonnade on one side opening onto a courtyard. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER ROUND ARCHES / ARCADES BLIND ARCADES MASSIVE THICK WALLS SMALL OPENINGS DARK SOLEMN INTERIORS VAULTS Barrel vault Groin vault Rib or Ribbed vault -a vault having a semicircular -a compound vault formed by -a vault supported by a cross section. the perpendicular intersection decorated with arched of two vaults, forming arched diagonal ribs diagonal arises called groins. VAULTS BAYS 1 1 2 6 3 2 3 5 4 BAY 4 Quadripartite (4) Sexpartite (6) -a rib vault divided into four parts by -a rib vault divided into six compartments by intersecting diagonal ribs. two diagonal ribs and three transverse ribs. BUTTRESS - An external support built to stabilize a structure by opposing its outward thrust, especially a projecting support built into or against the outside of a masonry wall. WHEEL WINDOW -a rose window having distinctly radiating mullions or bars. Monastery Of Santa Maria De Santes Creus PIERS COLUMN PIERS TOWER/ DOUBLE TOWER SPEYER CATHEDRAL WORMS CATHEDRAL TOWER/ DOUBLE TOWER Planting Towers Pilasters Church of St. Ettiene Worms Cathedral CAPITALS The foliate Corinthian style provided the inspiration for many Romanesque capitals, and the accuracy with which they were carved depended very much on the availability of original models. The Corinthian capital is essentially round at the bottom where it sits on a circular column and square at the top, where it supports the wall or arch. This form of capital was maintained in the general proportions and outline of the Romanesque capital. CAPITALS -highly decorative Corinthian Capitals ARCHITECTURAL EXAMPLES  PIAZZA DEI MIRACOLI, Italy - Field of Miracles/ Square Miracles also known as Piazza del Duomo - 56126 Pisa PI, Tuscan, Central Italy MARBLE PANEL COLONNADE DOME Diamond Shape Series of repetitive columns. It is the Brick and Stone 1090. Arcade Romanesque decorative treatment surrounds the dome in 1383. of a classical facade STRUCTURAL Columns and Arches to reduce load of walls MARBLE BANDING ARCADE Alternate colored marble Series of Arches (Red and White) PISACATHEDRAL GABLE WALL Triangular facade NOTRE DAME DU PORT, France - characterized by the use of inlaid decoration formed of different colors. Light stone vaults. - 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France S. MADELEINE, Vezelay - -The church with a remarkable narthex believed to have the earliest pointed cross- vault in France during the Romanesque period.  DURHAM CATHEDRAL, England - It is the Cathedral, Monastery and Castle stands in the defensive territory near River Wear. The largest and greatest example of Norman Architecture (Style 11th – 12th Century) and the first to use Pointed Vaulted Stone which transpires to Gothic Architecture. It also stands as a refuge of war.  RIBBED VAULT First to use pointed as transition to Gothic Architecture. BUTTRESS COMPOUND COLUMN Carry greater loads from the ribbed vaulting DURHAM CATHEDRAL (Interior) -a V-shaped pattern used in heraldry and as ornamentation. HARRY POTTER 1 SET Its cloisters doubled as the film Hogwarts  WORCESTER CATHEDRAL, England -the cathedral embodies many features that are highly typical of an English medieval cathedral. Like the cathedrals of Salisbury and Lincoln, it has two transepts crossing the nave, rather than the single transept usual on the Continent. also typical of English cathedrals in having a chapter house and cloister. CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL, England - one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. It forms part of a World Heritage Site. Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury. AIX-LA CHAPELLE CATHEDRAL, Germany - Built by emperor Charlemagne as his “royal tomb house” - Place of coronation of the Holy Roman Emperors.  WORMS CATHEDRAL, Germany - Typical German Romanesque church - Remained the seat of Bishops, Archbishops and electors for 1,500 years. WORMS CATHEDRAL, Germany East Altar West Altar CHURCHES IN THE PHILIPPINES INSPIRED FROM ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE.  CUBAO CATHEDRAL - known as Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Cubao  MANILA CATHEDRAL, Intramuros The Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception MANAOG CHURCH, Pangasinan The Minor Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary of Manaoag  ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE IN GENERAL - massive, thick, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, towers. CHARACTERISTICS Sober and Dignified MATERIALS Stones and Bricks SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION Arctuated, Rib and Panel FENESTRATIONS Arcaded, Rose Window, Order (jambs) IMPORTANT STRUCTURES Churches, Cathedral, Monasteries DECORATIONS Frescoes, Vegetable Origin Decors, Elaborate PLANNING Latin Cross  GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE  GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE 12TH -16TH CENTURY ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER - “Style Ogival” - Progressive and lightening and heightening of structure. - Use of the pointed arch and ribbed vault. - Structural honesty - Richly decorated fenestration ROMANESQUE GOTHIC ST. SERNIN CATHEDRAL AMIENS CATHEDRAL 7 Pl. Saint-Sernin, 31000 Toulouse, France 30 Place Notre Dame, 80000 Amiens, France ROMANESQUE GOTHIC ST. SERNIN CATHEDRAL AMIENS CATHEDRAL 7 Pl. Saint-Sernin, 31000 Toulouse, France 30 Place Notre Dame, 80000 Amiens, France  ROMANESQUE GOTHIC ST. SERNIN CATHEDRAL AMIENS CATHEDRAL 7 Pl. Saint-Sernin, 31000 Toulouse, France 30 Place Notre Dame, 80000 Amiens, France ROMANESQUE GOTHIC ST. SERNIN CATHEDRAL AMIENS CATHEDRAL 7 Pl. Saint-Sernin, 31000 Toulouse, France 30 Place Notre Dame, 80000 Amiens, France  ROMANESQUE GOTHIC ST. SERNIN CATHEDRAL AMIENS CATHEDRAL 7 Pl. Saint-Sernin, 31000 Toulouse, France 30 Place Notre Dame, 80000 Amiens, France CHURCH PARTS LATIN CROSS GREEK CROSS Early Christian Plan ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER  FLYING BUTTRESS An inclined bar of masonry carried on a segmental arch and transmitting an outward and downward thrust from a roof or vault to a solid buttress that through its mass transforms the thrust into a vertical one ROMANESQUE GOTHIC LARGE WINDOWS Well lighted Interior  THIN WALLS reinforced by buttresses on the sides and flying buttresses on top for the upper walls. COLUMNS Tall and Thin  GARGOYLES A grotesquely carved figure of a human or animal, esp. one with an open mouth that serves as a spout and projects from a gutter to throw rainwater clear of a building.  RIB OR RIBBED VAULT CEILING A vault supported by or decorated with arched diagonal ribs.  GALLERY Upper facade POINTED ARCHES To distributed vault’s load in a more vertical manner. Adapted from Islamic architecture  LOAD LOAD CONCENTRATED FORCE ROMANESQUE ARCH GOTHIC POINTED ARCH Therefore they were able to build higher with thinner walls and thinner columns compared to Romanesque GOTHIC POINTED ARCH ROMANESQUE ARCH Weight of the Roof Ribs of Ceiling Flying Buttresses Piers Ground RESULTING TO: Eliminating the need for thick walls Build higher Thinner walls Larger interior space More windows Brighter Interior Stained Glass  SPIRE Spire, in architecture, steeply pointed pyramidal or conical termination to a tower. In its mature Gothic development, the spire was an elongated, slender form that was a spectacular visual culmination of the building as well as a symbol of the heavenly aspirations of pious medieval men. WHEEL WINDOW ROSE WINDOW Romanesque Gothic Spokes resembles on cart of wheel Bigger than the Romanesque Smaller than Rose window Inspired from Roman Oculus Highly complex design Window: West Apse: East petals of rose TRACERY An ornamental stone openwork, typically in the upper part of a Gothic window supporting the glass. A delicate branching pattern. Came from the word trace because builders trace the patterns from the ground TWO TYPES OF TRACERY FOIL is an architectural device based on a symmetrical rendering of leaf shapes, defined by overlapping circles that produce a series of cusps to make a lobe. Can be multifoil depending on the number of cusps. Commonly used in gothic and Islamic architecture STAINED GLASS Are colorful glass patterns illustrating stories from the bible  ENGLISH GOTHIC FRENCH GOTHIC 1. Early English 1. A lancettes -also known as Lancet, first Pointed or Early -pointed arches and geometric Plantagenet. -use of lancet-shaped arches and plate traceried windows. tracery 2. Rayonnant 2.Decorated Style -circular windows, wheel tracery -geometrical and curvilinear, middle pointed, Edwardian, or later Plantagenet -rich tracery, elaborate ornamental 3.Flamboyant vaulting, and refined stone-cutting -flowing and flamelike tracery. techniques 3.Perpencdicular -also rectilinear, late period, or Lancastrian -perpendicular tracery (use of a lacework of vertical glazing bars). Fine intricate stonework, and elaborate fan vault WESTMINSTER ABBEY GLOUCESTER CATHEDRAL Decorated Style Perpendicular ENGLISH GOTHIC WORCESTERCATHEDRAL Early English FRENCH GOTHIC SALISBURY CATHEDRAL NOTRE DAME CATHEDRAL CHARTRESCATHEDRAL Lancet Rayonnant Flamboyant NOTABLE EXAMPLES  Five Sister Window YORK CATHEDRAL A beautiful and imposing Gothic cathedral in York, Northern England. It is the seat of an archbishop second in rank only to that of Canterbury and boasts a huge collection of medieval stained glass.  WESTMINSTER ABBEY -one of the largest Benedictine monasteries. Comprises an Abbey church & a square cloister court. It was built by several master masons & master carpenters. Master Henry Yevelve, Hugh Herland & John James. It is geometric in style w/ pinnacles and tracery windows.  WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL -has greatest total length (560 ft.) than any Medieval Cathedral SALISBURY CATHEDRAL -It boast off central tower with the loftiest spire. ITALY  SIENA CATHEDRAL Notable for the striped marble used on walls and piers and on the campanile, this building is one of the most stupendous undertakings since the building of Pisa Cathedral for it involved all its artists in its construction and adornment.  MILAN CATHEDRAL Milan, Italy Also known as the Duomo The 5th largest Cathedral in the world The largest church in Italy It has the most statues/ spires SPAIN  SEVILLE CATHEDRAL Seville, Andalusia, Spain Largest Gothic Cathedral in Spain Third largest cathedral in the world Replaced Hagia Sophia in its completion Burial place of Christopher Columbus Architects: Alonso Martínez, Pedro Dancart, Carles Galtés de Ruan, Alonso Rodríguez GERMANY  ULM CATHEDRAL - It is the tallest cathedral in the world - 4th tallest structure built before the 20th Century - The tallest gothic spire in Europe - Its not a cathedral as it has never been seat of a bishop  COLOGNE CATHEDRAL Largest Gothic Church in Northern Europe 515 ft tall cathedral tower s and 91,000.00 floor area FRANCE Basilica Cathedral of Saint Denis First church built in Gothic Style  REIMS CATHEDRAL - Place du Cardinal Luçon, 51100 Reims, France - Coordination church of France where Kings were crowned - West façade 500 statues  CHARTRES CATHEDRAL This French Gothic cathedral is remarkable for the wonderful 13th century stained glass of its 130 windows and for the profusion of fine sculptured figures in the doorways of the west front and in the triple porches of the north and south transepts. NOTRE DAME de PARIS Notre Dame Cathedral One of the oldest French Gothic Church Started by Bishop Maurice de Sully  CHURCHES IN THE PHILIPPINES INSPIRED FROM GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IGLESIA NI CRISTO Neo Gothic Architecture  SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH The first all steel church in the Philippines Genaro Palacios Neo Gothic No weld, all bolts Revival of Gothic Interior painted to look like stones Quiapo, Manila  C O M P AR I S O N S MEDIEVAL ROMANESQUE GOTHIC  GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN GENERAL -light, airy interior, ornate decoration, heightening, pointed arch CHARACTERISTICS Lofty MATERIALS Stones and Bricks SYSTEM OF CONSTRUCTION Arctuated, Lancet Arches, Flying Buttresses, Vaults FENESTRATIONS Arcaded, Rose Window, Tracery with foils, Order IMPORTANT STRUCTURES Cathedrals DECORATIONS Stained Glass PLANNING Latin Cross Plan  May the mighty gargoyles protect this file, casting out all evil spirits who dare try to share or upload it to any website without permission. “makuha ka sa gargoyles, masamang espiritu!”