Mental Health BPH333 Lecture PDF

Mental Health BPH333 1 3. Understanding Mental Disorders and Their Classification Dr. Abdulrahman Almujaidel Importance of Classification 2  These disorders can affect daily functi...

Mental Health BPH333 1 3. Understanding Mental Disorders and Their Classification Dr. Abdulrahman Almujaidel Importance of Classification 2  These disorders can affect daily functioning, relationships, and work performance. They are common and can affect anyone, regardless of age, gender, or background.  Purpose: Classification helps in diagnosing and understanding mental disorders. It provides a common language for professionals.  Benefits: Facilitates research, improves treatment strategies, and helps in mental health education and reducing stigm. Diagnostic Manuals 3  Role: Diagnostic manuals provide standardized criteria for diagnosing mental disorders, ensuring consistency across different healthcare providers.  Consistency: They help in making reliable diagnoses and guide treatment plans. DSM-5 Overview 4  What is DSM-5? The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, is used primarily in the United States.  Content: It includes detailed descriptions of symptoms and diagnostic criteria for each mental disorder, helping clinicians make accurate diagnoses. ICD-11 Overview 5  What is ICD-11? The International Classification of Diseases, 11th Edition, is developed by the World Health Organization and used globally.  Use: It covers all health conditions, including mental disorders, and aids in tracking health statistics and research worldwide. Categories of Mental Disorders 6  Why Categories? Grouping disorders into categories helps in understanding their characteristics and determining appropriate treatments.  Main Categories: Include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders. 1. Mood Disorders 7  Definition: Mood disorders involve persistent changes in mood that affect a person's emotional state.  Examples: Includes depression and bipolar disorder, which can significantly impact daily life and functioning. Depression 8  Definition: A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest.  Symptoms: Include changes in sleep and appetite, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness. Bipolar Disorder 9  Definition: A mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings, including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).  Symptoms: During manic phases, individuals may feel overly happy, energetic, or irritable, while depressive phases involve sadness and lack of energy. 2. Anxiety Disorders 10  Definition: Anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or anxiety that interferes with daily activities.  Examples: Include generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, both of which can cause significant distress and impairment. Generalized Anxiety Disorder 11  Definition: A disorder characterized by chronic and excessive worry about various aspects of life.  Symptoms: Include restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances. Panic Disorder 12  Definition: A disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and ongoing fear of future attacks.  Symptoms: Include intense fear, heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, and feelings of losing control. 3. Psychotic Disorders 13  Definition: Psychotic disorders involve distorted thinking and perceptions, often leading to hallucinations or delusions.  Example: Schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder affecting how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. Schizophrenia 14  Definition: A psychotic disorder characterized by distorted thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and behavior.  Symptoms: Include hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there), delusions (false beliefs), and disorganized speech or behavior. 4. Personality Disorders 15  Definition: conditions characterized by long-lasting patterns of behavior and inner experiences that differ from what is expected in society.  Example: Borderline personality disorder, which affects mood regulation and interpersonal relationships. Borderline Personality Disorder 16  Definition: A personality disorder characterized by instability in moods, behavior, self-image, and functioning.  Symptoms: Include intense emotions, impulsive actions, unstable relationships, and fear of abandonment. 5. Neurodevelopmental Disorders 17  Definition: Disorders that begin in childhood and affect development, impacting personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.  Examples: Include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity 18 Disorder  Definition: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.  Symptoms: Include difficulty focusing, excessive movement, and impulsive actions that are not appropriate for a person's age. Autism Spectrum Disorder 19  Definition: A developmental disorder affecting communication and behavior, with symptoms appearing in early childhood.  Symptoms: Include challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, and intense focus on specific interests or activities.  20 Questions??