Mental Disorders Classification PDF

Mental disorders Classification: establishes a consistent method for describing the mental disorders and facilitates the identification and management of mental disorders in both clinical and research settings Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM): It is published by the Americ...

Mental disorders Classification: establishes a consistent method for describing the mental disorders and facilitates the identification and management of mental disorders in both clinical and research settings Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM): It is published by the American Psychiatric Association. It gives diagnostic categories and criteria for diagnoses. (current edition is DSM-5) mental health A state of well-being, : realizes own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to community. Mental illness Mental illness refers to mental health conditions that have a negative effect on the way an individual thinks, feels, and behaves Models of Mental Illness general hypotheses that attempt to explain the nature of mental illness. Anxiety disorders cause severe distress and interfere with one’s ability to function or lead normal life Panic disorder: feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. social anxiety overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations. Specific phobia: intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as heights or flying. Generalized anxiety disorder: excessive, unrealistic worry and tension, even if there's little or nothing to provoke the anxiety Depression extended sense of sadness and despair that affects how a person thinks, feels and functions. Eating Disorders irregular eating habits and severe distress or concern about body weight or shape Anorexia Nervos obsessive fear of gaining weight,refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and an unrealistic perception of body image. Bulimia Nervosa repeated binge eating followed by behaviors that compensate for the overeating Binge Eating Disorder frequently lose control over his or her eating not followed by compensatory behaviors Schizophrenia is a serious, chronic, and highly complex mental disorder. Hallucinations. These usually involve seeing or hearing things that don't exist. Disorganized thinking (speech). Effective communication can be impaired, and answers to questions may be partially or completely unrelated. Extremely disorganized or abnormal motor behavior. number of ways, from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation. Behavior isn't focused on a goal, so it's hard to do tasks Negative symptoms. reduced or lack of ability to function normally. Withdrawal which is defined as either physical or psychological signs or symptoms consistent with withdrawal from a specific drug Anxiety disorders Children respond to certain things or situations with severe fear and with physical signs of anxiety such as a rapid heartbeat and sweating. Depression Childhood depression is a common mental illness among children. Symptoms are very similar to that of adults but needs a careful diagnosis. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): problems paying attention or concentrating, hyperactivity, impulsivity. Disruptive behavior disorders: patterns of hostile and disobedient behaviors that children and adolescents direct towards any type of authority figure. The two most common forms are oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. Mental disorder prevention “reducing incidence, prevalence, recurrence of mental disorders, the time spent with symptoms, and also decreasing the impact of illness in the affected person, their families and the society Universal prevention Strengthening protective factors among populations. Examples include school-based programs targeting cognitive skills, problem-solving skills and social skills of children and adolescents and exercise programs for the elderly. Indicated prevention Programs for those with elevated levels of symptoms but not fully diagnosed disorder. Counseling 1- activity of the counselor, or a professional who counsels people especially on personal problems and difficulties. 2- planned, structured dialogue between a counsellor and a client. It is a cooperative process in which a trained professional helps a person called the client to identify sources of difficulties or concerns that he or she is experiencing. 3- organized in a series of steps, which aims to help people cope (deal with or adapt to) better with situations they are facing, to understand their emotions and feelings and to help them make positive choices and decisions. Community Support Programs Support programs are especially important for people with recurrent symptoms or who have a psychiatric disability. relaxation technique any method, process, procedure, or activity that helps a person to relax; to attain a state o increased calmness; or otherwise reduce levels of pain, anxiety, stress or anger. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a technique for learning to monitor and control the state of muscular tension. Meditation The term meditation refers to a broad variety of practices that includes techniques designed to promote relaxation, build internal energy or life force and develop compassion, love, patience, generosity, and forgiveness. Psychoeducation a broad range of activities that combine education and other activities such as counseling and supportive interventions for individuals with a mental health condition and their families to help empower them and deal with their condition in an optimal way. Psychology *is the scientific study of mind and behavior. *Understanding psychology is mandatory to be able to provide successful psychoeducation *Both psychology and psychoeducation are basic elements for health education in the field of mental health. The Important 5 Bipolar Disorder criteria is one or more Major Depressive Episodes -at least one Manic Episode♦ Another name : Bipolar Disorder Manic Depression Bipolar Disorder alter : Feelings , Thoughts , Behaviors, Perceptions Clinical of Bipolar Disorder Mania, Hypomania, Psychosis, depression Most commonly diagnosed of Bipolar Disorder 18 - 24 age Mania Hypomania Psychosis Depression able to do anything creativity Poor attention Poor concentration Tiredness Little sleep Don’t worry about problems seriously Suspiciousness More sleep Filled with energy nothing can bring you down Social withdrawal Withdrawing activities Not caring about financial situations Confidence Feeling around have changed Crying uncontrollably Delusions lesser intensity Staying in bed for days Substance abuse Weight loss Weight gain symptoms 3 or more symptoms 5 or more the same two week period. Who severity of the state of the Bipolar disorder? Describing the diagnosis with psychosis Bipolar l Bipolar ll full mania + major depression major depression + hypomania Diagnosed in early 20 How evaluations if Bipolar disorder sure no other medical condition physical possibility of substance abuse. - Trauma - Seizure disorders Mental Assesses mood and cognitive abilities -Subjective experience of patient - Family psychiatric history Bipolar disorder linked to disturbed electrical activity in the brain The Bipolar Difficult to diagnose Children / Hyperactivity Adolescent/ Substance abuse Pregnancy /Planning , because of Medication Rapid cycling could occur Cause Bipolar biological factors 1- Over secretion of cortisol 2- Excessive influx of calcium in to brain cells. 3- Abnormal hyperactivity (Emotion and movement coordination) 4-low activity ( concentration, attention, inhibition, judgment) Treatment of bipolar 1- Evaluation and diagnosis of symptoms 2- Acute care 3- stabilization for psychosis or suicidal or homicidal ideas or acts 4-full recovery from a depressed or manic 5- euthymia Treatment Inpatient Care Assess - Diagnose - safety of patient and others ( For Psychotic features - Suicidal or homicidal ideations) Psychotherapy not effect ( but used with medication) ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﻮل أﯾﮭﻢ اﻻﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻼج وﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻷدوﯾﺔ‬ Type of psychotherapy cognitive behavior psychoeducation interpersonal multifamily support groups depressive mania identifying irrational,to better reflect reality” signs and symptoms, cause (triggers mood alteration) improve social skills and Parent involvement thereby stability in interacting with others daily mood logs prevention of “full blown manic episode Role playing Modelling Vivo communication/listening decision-making anger management relaxation The important [6] Substance Abus Disorders Efeect : Psychologically / severe depression, ecstasy, and suicidal thoughts Physical/sleepiness , slowed breathing. heroin , sedative hypnotic drugs Effect ; rapid heart rate - tremors - seizures. Symptoms of substance Abus maladaptive pattern , leads to significant problems or stress Recurrent sufferer from meeting Recurrent lead to physically dangerous Recurrent legal problems Withdrawal {2 symptoms in same one- year period } Treatment ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﺄل أﯾﮭﻢ اﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼج اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات‬ Medication - psychotherapy- rehabilitation treatment Most Common Mental Disorders in Children Anxiety Depression respond to Need careful diagnosis situations {child} with severe fear 1- rapid heartbeat 2- sweating Attention Disruptive Autism behavior problems paying authority figure 1- hostile 2- disobedient hyperactivity 1- attention 2-concentrating 3-hyperactivity 4- impulsivity forms : 1-oppositional 2- conduct impaired development of multiple basic functions 1-socialization 2-communication Elimination Schizophrenia most common: distorted 1-Enuresis 2-bed-wetting {bathroom} Tic repeated sudden 2- thoughts involuntary 1- perspection 1-movements 2- sounds Important [7] Mental disorder prevention aims reducing 1- incidence 2- prevalence 3- recurrence 4- time spent 5- impact of person , family, community Strategies for Prevention Universal Indicated protective factors among populations. elevated levels of symptoms not fully diagnosed disorder. Macro-strategies to reduce risk and improve quality of life Improving nutrition Improving access to education Strengthening community networks cognitive development understand the disease bonding with people going through the same problem educational outcomes finding ways to deal with their problem reduced risk for mental ill-health. improves quality of life of the sufferer. programs with iodized salt or water Reducing stressors and enhancing resilience Promoting a healthy start in life: Reducing child abuse and neglect: Preschool educational parenting interventions Home-based interventions Self-defense strategies Coping with parental mental illness: Dealing with family disruption: Important 8 people have mental and behavioral disorders 10% under the age of 18 suffer from developmental, emotional or behavioral problems 20% children have a mental disorder 1-8 age ; 1 in 5 rate 20 leading causes for disease burden among all ages. Depression, self-inflicted injuries and alcohol use disorders alone will account for one third of all worldwide disability caused by neuropsychiatric conditions Depression second most common cause of death Suicide Persons with major depression and schizophrenia 40% to 60% greater chance of dying Impact of mental disorders 1- Indirect costs arising from productivity loss. 2- hard-to-measure costs, such as the negative economic and social consequences. emotional and socio-economic wellbeing The important 9 Mental Illness 1- treatable. 2- difficult to predict how, when, or to what degree someone is going to get better ( different factors) ways for treatment of mental illness: Medication Psychotherapy Counseling associated with brain chemistry. change and who counsels overcome problems people especially ( desired ways) on personal problems and difficulties. recurrent symptoms chemical balance Understand How to modify understanding and acceptance by the community identify sources of difficulties or concerns that is experiencing. Community support programs psychiatric disability mutual support groups rehabilitation training -education finding Work Accommodation Information symptoms are reduced or eliminated Learn healthy coping techniques and problemsolving skills. Regain a sense of control and pleasure in life. Types Individual Group Marital/couples Family Approaches Behavior Cognitive Humanistic Integrative(holistic) Psychoanalysis Or psychodynamic Type Marriage - family Guidance - career Rehabilitation Mental health Substance abus Educational Self help Relaxation Techniques increased calmness; or otherwise reduce levels of pain, anxiety, stress or anger. Type of relaxation Autogenic Deep Breathing Progressive muscle relaxation daily 15 minutes Diaphragmatic abdominal monitor , control of broad variety of muscular tension. practices repeats a set of visualizations complementary deliberately then released alternative. Meditation energy or life force develop compassion love patience, generosity forgiveness. chosen amongst a set of recommended postures deep breathing is marked by expansion of the abdomen rather than the chest when breathing. Guided imagery mind on positive images