Lecture 2.1 Science and Its Major Branches PDF

Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas GE 110: MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Lecture 2.1. SCIENCE AND ITS MAJOR BRANCHES JIEZEL B. MAALA, LCB Instructress  Lemery Colleges, Inc....

Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas GE 110: MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Lecture 2.1. SCIENCE AND ITS MAJOR BRANCHES JIEZEL B. MAALA, LCB Instructress  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Science and Its Major Branches Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning “knowledge”) may be defined as an organized body of knowledge about the natural universe and the processes by which that knowledge is acquired and tested. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas The three major branches of science are: 1. Natural Science 2. Social Science 3. Formal Science GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 1. NATURAL SCIENCE- This branch studies the natural world. The two major branches of Natural Science are: A. Physical Sciences: This branch focuses on the study of non-living systems and the laws governing the physical world. It includes disciplines such as: GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Physics, which studies matter, energy, and forces. Chemistry, which examines substances, their properties, and interactions. Earth Sciences, which study the structure and processes of the Earth, including geology, meteorology, and oceanography. Astronomy, which explores celestial objects and the universe beyond Earth, including planets, stars, galaxies, and cosmic phenomena. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Physical sciences aim to understand the fundamental forces and components of the universe, from the smallest particles to large-scale phenomena. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas B. Life Sciences: This branch is concerned with the study of living organisms and their life processes. Biology is the core discipline within life sciences, covering areas such as genetics, evolution, ecology, and physiology. Life sciences seek to understand how living things function, grow, interact with each other, and adapt to their environment. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 2. Social Sciences: This branch focuses on human behavior and societies. The major branches of Social Sciences include: Sociology: The study of society and social behavior. It explores how individuals and groups interact, how social structures and institutions function, and how social change occurs. Psychology: The study of the mind and behavior. It examines mental processes, emotions, cognition, and how they influence individual and group behavior. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas The major branches of Social Sciences include: Anthropology: The study of humans, their ancestors, and related primates, both past and present. It includes cultural anthropology (the study of cultures and societies), physical anthropology (the study of human evolution and biological diversity), and archeology (the study of past human societies through material remains). Political Science: The study of political systems, governance, and political behavior. It examines the structures, processes, and activities related to government and politics. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas The major branches of Social Sciences include: Economics: The study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It explores how resources are allocated and how economic agents make decisions. History: The study of past events, societies, and civilizations. It examines historical processes and their impacts on contemporary society. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas The major branches of Social Sciences include: Geography: The study of the Earth's landscapes, environments, and the relationships between people and their environments. It includes both physical geography (the study of natural features and processes) and human geography (the study of human activities and their spatial implications). Linguistics: The study of language and its structure. It explores how languages are formed, how they evolve, and how they are used in communication. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas The major branches of Social Sciences include: Education: The study of teaching and learning processes. It focuses on educational systems, pedagogical methods, and the impact of education on individuals and societies. Criminology: The study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. It examines the causes and consequences of crime and the effectiveness of crime prevention strategies. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas 3.Formal Sciences: This branch deals with abstract systems. Unlike the natural and social sciences, formal sciences are more concerned with theoretical frameworks and do not rely on empirical observations. The major branches of formal science include: Mathematics: The study of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns, and the relationships between them. It includes various subfields such as algebra, calculus, geometry, number theory, and statistics. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas The major branches of formal science include: Logic: The study of reasoning and argumentation. It involves analyzing the principles of valid inference and reasoning, including propositional logic, predicate logic, and modal logic. Computer Science: The study of computation, algorithms, and information systems. It encompasses areas such as programming, data structures, algorithms, artificial intelligence, and computational theory. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Uses of Science across Multiple Fields and Industries Agriculture. Science has played a significant role in agriculture. Nowadays, we have machines that help us plant seeds in the fields. Science has also provided us with tractors, threshers, drip irrigation systems, sprinkler irrigation systems, and fertilizers through chemical research. Medicine. The medical field heavily relies on science. Medicinal chemistry provides us with all the medicines we use. Science has also given us medical tools and machines like stretchers, ECG machines, MRI machines, and even injections. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Uses of Science across Multiple Fields and Industries Transportation. Science is responsible for inventing all kinds of vehicles. It has made the world a smaller place, allowing us to travel quickly from one place to another. Science has given us bicycles, scooters, cars, airplanes, and more. Machines created by science enable us to transport goods efficiently and rapidly. Communication. Science has made the world a smaller place by enabling instant communication. Telephones and mobile phones are inventions of science that allow us to talk to anyone, anywhere, in a matter of seconds. These communication devices are affordable and accessible to everyone, thanks to science. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Uses of Science across Multiple Fields and Industries Construction. Science serves as the foundation for constructing buildings. Building technologies are based on scientific principles. Machines like motor graders, bulldozers, and backhoe loaders, which are essential in construction work, are also products of science. Photography. Science has provided us with various photography tools and machines. Taking pictures has become incredibly easy, with cameras even integrated into our mobile phones. In addition to photography, science has given us machines like computers that are useful in many aspects of our lives. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Lemery Colleges, Inc. A. Bonifacio St., Bagong Sikat, Lemery, Batangas Uses of Science across Multiple Fields and Industries Construction. Science serves as the foundation for constructing buildings. Building technologies are based on scientific principles. Machines like motor graders, bulldozers, and backhoe loaders, which are essential in construction work, are also products of science. Photography. Science has provided us with various photography tools and machines. Taking pictures has become incredibly easy, with cameras even integrated into our mobile phones. In addition to photography, science has given us machines like computers that are useful in many aspects of our lives. GE 110:MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY