GSTS Module 1: Introduction PDF

Module 1: Introduction What is Science? Science is the systematic body of knowledge about the natural world, gained through the scientific method. ○ Scientia (Latin): "knowledge." ○ Originally called the Philosophy of the Natural World....

Module 1: Introduction What is Science? Science is the systematic body of knowledge about the natural world, gained through the scientific method. ○ Scientia (Latin): "knowledge." ○ Originally called the Philosophy of the Natural World. Early scientists aimed to discover the truth behind material and natural things. They sought to observe the world and beyond, discovering similarities and differences in materials What Does it Mean by System of Knowledge? System: A process that follows step-by-step procedures. ○ Example: Writing with a pen Step-by-step process: writing vertical then horizontal line for letter "L" ○ Example: Sitting on a chair Step-by-step process: sitting first, then leaning back Proven knowledge: Once it becomes useful in daily life, it is considered science. Scientific Method The process of establishing facts through testing and experimentation: 1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion Branches of Science 1. Social Science ○ Study of people, culture, and society. ○ Focuses on human behavior within communities and social structures. ○ Examples: Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology (social aspects). 2. Natural Science ○ Study of the natural world, including physical entities like trees, water, land, and air. ○ Major branches: Pure Science: Pursues knowledge for its own sake. Studies include Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science. Example: Studying blood circulation to understand oxygenation. Biotic Factors: Study of living things. Abiotic Factors: Study of non-living things or physical quantities. Applied Science: Knowledge aimed at solving specific problems. Example: Using research to find solutions or strategies. Example: Inventing a calculator to solve mathematical problems easily. What is Technology? The practical application of what we know about nature. It involves bringing scientific knowledge, laws, and principles into actuality to solve real-world problems and produce services, materials, tools, and machines. Techne (Greek): — "art," "skill," or "cunning of hand," \ ○ implying innovation and craftsmanship. Logos (Greek): — "the study of" or "discourse of skills." Technology is also called applied science, as it uses scientific knowledge to innovate and solve problems. Science drives technology by enabling new technologies through scientific breakthroughs. Technology shapes science by making certain scientific experiments possible and influencing the questions scientists ask. Example: In the 1950s, a butter protector was invented to prevent the embarrassment of dragging your sleeve through a stick of butter while reaching across the table—a practical solution to a common problem, showcasing how technology addresses real-world issues. What is Science? A group of people who share a common territory, interact regularly, and adhere to common norms, culture, and expectations. Latin: Socius (companion) and societas (companionship, friendly association). French: Société (sosyeti), meaning companionship or association with others. STS as a Discipline the study of how society, politics, and culture influence scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, shape society, politics, and culture. Historical Context: STS is a relatively recent discipline, emerging in the 1960s and 1970s. It was influenced by Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), which marked a shift in understanding science through a sociological lens. The development of STS represents a "sociological turn" in the study of science, emphasizing the interconnectedness of scientific knowledge, societal values, and technological advancement. The Interaction of STS The relationship between science, technology, and society ○ Science: Seeks to improve society. Informs technological advancements. ○ Technology: Demands more from science Is the application of scientific knowledge for a specific goal or purpose. Makes life easier for society. ○ Society: Demands more from science. Benefits from technological innovations. This continuous cycle highlights how each element influences and enhances the others. Goals: 1. Awareness: Foster an understanding of the interaction between science, technology, and society. 2. Confront Realities: Recognize and address the real-world impact of scientific and technological advancements. 3. Spread Awareness: Educate society on the implications of these developments. 4. Reflective Knowledge: Encourage thoughtful consideration of how science and technology shape society. 5. Awareness: Maintain ongoing awareness and critical thinking about the influence of science and technology.