Introduction to Science PDF

BS and MSc Course Code: PHY-100 Course Title: Introduction to Science Credit Hours: 3(2-1)  Lecture # 02: Important areas and branches of Science  Contents ✓ Science Definition ✓ Main branches of Science 1) Natural Science 2) Formal Scien...

BS and MSc Course Code: PHY-100 Course Title: Introduction to Science Credit Hours: 3(2-1)  Lecture # 02: Important areas and branches of Science  Contents ✓ Science Definition ✓ Main branches of Science 1) Natural Science 2) Formal Science 3) Social Sciences ✓ The major branches of Social Science  Science Definition  The observational & experimental study about the behavior and structure of natural and physical world around us.  Science is also the understand of a specific are of study by following particular methodology.  In simple words, science is the observational study of nature around us and natural things. Main branches of Science  Main branches of Science The scientist divided science into 3 major fields. Each branch covers different areas of study. You must go though these branches briefly for your better understanding. 1) Natural Science 2) Formal Science 3) Social Sciences  1.Natural Science  The field of science, focus on the study don natural processes of the universe.  This branch is further divided into life science and physical science  Through these discoveries, scientists are able to find ways to improve lives and help people adapt to changes within the environment.  Investigating, describing, explaining, and predicting occurrences in nature defines the natural science discipline.  1.Natural Science Natural science can be described in two ways: Branch of Science: this is the systemic way that natural science is organized. Natural science branches off into many different sub-areas of science. Each of these sub- areas allows scientists to study specific aspects of nature and observed natural phenomena. Academic Discipline: because several subfields of natural science exist, people have the opportunity to study each of these sub disciplines within natural science. Studying through an academic discipline provides a pathway for a career or profession in natural science.  Branches of Natural Science Physical Sciences Life Sciences Earth Sciences Physics Anatomy Astronomy Mechanics Botany Geology Electromagnetics Biology Meteorology Thermodynamics Zoology Atmospheric Kinetics Neurobiology Sciences Embryology Glaciology Chemistry Ecology Climatology Inorganic Chemistry Genetics Structural Geology Electrochemistry Cell Biology Analytical Chemistry Etiology Earth Sciences  2. Formal Science  A “formal science” is an area of study that uses formal systems to generate knowledge.  Mathematics is the prototypical example.  Others include logic, statistics, information theory, and theoretical computer science.  2. Formal Science  Although it has sometimes been questioned whether or not these are truly “science” – considering the lack of real-world experiments – these disciplines often get lumped along into science anyway.  Despite their lack of an empirical basis, the formal sciences are generally considered extremely important, and indeed, all of quantitative science depends on them.  It is an ongoing debate as to whether or not the formal sciences are true science. Most important branches of Formal Sciences  Mathematics  Logic  Computer Science  Data Science  Statistics  Systems Science  Artificial Intelligence  Information Technology, etc.  3. Social Sciences  The branch of science deals with human behavior in the society. OR  Social science is the study of people: as individuals, communities and societies; their behaviors and interactions with each other and with their built, technological and natural environments.  As I have told you, science is very broad field. It has hundreds of branches  Social sciences disciplines span sociology, psychology, political science, anthropology, geography, and economics, among others.  The major branches of Social Science  Psychology  Sociology  Anthropology  Economics  Archaeology  History  Geography  Law  Politics  How Is Science Important In Daily Life?  Today, we can’t ignore the importance of science in our everyday life tasks.  Let’s have a quick look around you. The fan, giving you comfort in summer, is science.  When you wake up in the morning, and use brush and toothpaste both are given by science.  The kitchen equipment’s i.e. oven & microwave are all about the science.  All entertainment tools you are using such as mobile, TV and laptop all are the magic of science.  How Is Science Important In Daily Life?  Moreover, it is the science that discovers the treatment of many diseases.  You know, in the past, due to lack of advancement in the field of science, there was no cure for many diseases.  But now the laser technology has been developed because of science.  In short, science has raised the technology in medical field to a great level.  How Is Science Important In Daily Life?  Not only this, science also totally changed the agriculture field as well i.e. increase the productivity of crops by using new machinery and technologies.  Further, In transportation, all the vehicles around you are inventions of science.  Today, you are communicating to you dear ones by just one click on your phone, is due to science.  Simply, science has become our lives so much easier than before.  Even now we can’t live without it. Thank You!  References  https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2021/03/what-is- science-definition-branches-books-and-scientists.html  https://leverageedu.com/blog/branches-of-science/  https://study.com/learn/lesson/natural-science-branches- topics.html  https://www.allthescience.org/what-are-the-formal- sciences.htm#google_vignette  https://helpfulprofessor.com/social-sciences-examples/  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWMKYID5fr8  https://study.com/learn/lesson/what-is-physics- branches.html  https://collegedunia.com/exams/motion-definition-types- examples-physics-articleid-949