Horticulture Production - Practical Sections - PDF

Pomology department Principles of Horticulture production 102 (APM) – Practical sections Section 1 – Morphology of fruit trees Most fruit crops are long- lived perennial trees that give edible fruits. Parts of fruit tree  Parts of fruit tree 1- Root system Ab...

Pomology department Principles of Horticulture production 102 (APM) – Practical sections Section 1 – Morphology of fruit trees Most fruit crops are long- lived perennial trees that give edible fruits. Parts of fruit tree  Parts of fruit tree 1- Root system Absorb water and nutrients from the soil, store sugar and anchor the tree upright in the ground. Each root is covered with thousands of root hairs that make it easier to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. All trees have main roots (if propagation was sexual), lateral roots and secondary roots.  Parts of fruit tree 2- Trunk/ stem Supports the crown and gives the tree its shape and strength. The trunk consists of four layers of tissue. These layers contain a network of tubes (bark, xylem, phylum and cambium) that run between the roots and the leaves and act as the central plumbing system for the tree (Vascular tissue).  Parts of fruit tree 3- Branches/ shoots Types of branches The main branches: are seasonally side growing, which grow from the stem of the tree. Secondary branches: branches that are more than one year, and grow from the main branches. Newly branches: branches that are less than one year, and grow from the secondary branches.  Parts of fruit tree 4- Leaves Leaves take many forms, being compound (Pecan, date palm) if composed of two or more leaflets or simple (Mango, peach, pomegranate) if it is just a single leaf blade. Through a process called photosynthesis, leaves use the sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water from the soil into sugar and oxygen.  Parts of fruit tree 5- Buds (are the origin of plant organs)  Parts of fruit tree 5- Buds (are the origin of plant organs)  Types of buds according to Location Function Terminal (apical): when located Vegetative: if only containing at the tip of a stem. vegetative pieces: embryonic shoots Axillary (lateral): when located with leaves in the axil of a leaf. Reproductive: if containing embryonic Adventitious: when occurring flower (s). elsewhere, for example on.Mixed: if containing both embryonic trunk or on roots. leaves and flowers.  Parts of fruit tree 6- Flowers (reproductive organs) Types of flowers A complete flower is one possessing all four fundamental appendages: sepals, petals, stamens and pistils. An incomplete flower lacks one or more of these features. A perfect flower possesses both male (stamens) and female (pistil) parts (citrus, peach, almond). An imperfect flower may be either staminate (functionally male, having only stamens) i.e. olives, peacans. or pistillate (functionally female, having only a pistil or pistils) i.e. date palm, papaya.  Parts of fruit tree 7- Fruits Fruits are matured ovaries which may be associated with any part of the flower The ovary has three layers of tissue: the exocarp (outermost), mesocarp (middle), and endocarp (innermost).  Types of fruits according to Origin Hardening of ovary layers False (accessory): when any part of Fleshy (soft): when all ovary layers the flower participate with the are existed in a soft status. i.e. matured ovary in forming the fruit. Guava, Grapes, Date palm, i.e. Apples, Pears, Pomegranate, Pears, Citrus. Guava. Semi dry: when the innermost layer of the ovary (endocarp) is hard. True: when the fruit consists of only i.e. Mango, Peach, Olive, Apricot, the matured ovary. i.e. Grapes, Plum. Mango, Citrus, Apricot, Dry: when all layers of the ovary are hard i.e. Nut fruits. Other types Aggregate fruits: such as strawberry, that consists of many pistils belong to the same flower. Multiple fruits: such as pineapple, that consists of many pistils belong to different flowers. Prospecting and lead generation Identify current customer base. Identify and rank prospects. Schedule sales calls.