History Midterm PDF

THE KARTILYA OF THE KATIPUNAN Historical Context The first move towards independence began on **July 7, 1892 when the Katipunan was established by Andres Bonifacio.** This was a result of the failure of the Reform Movement in Spain in which Filipinos attempted to demand reforms for the Philippines...

THE KARTILYA OF THE KATIPUNAN Historical Context The first move towards independence began on **July 7, 1892 when the Katipunan was established by Andres Bonifacio.** This was a result of the failure of the Reform Movement in Spain in which Filipinos attempted to demand reforms for the Philippines from the Spanish government. Bonifacio saw the futility of the efforts of the Filipino propagandists and organized an underground movement against Spain. **UNDERSTANDING PERSPECTIVE** *KKK* The ***Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or KKK*** was *a revolutionary society that espoused independence and freedom for the Philippines through force of arms*. Its **main objective was separation of the Philippines from Spain** and, at the same time, the development of the Filipinos as citizens of their own nation once independence was achieved. The latter was done through the written works by Bonifacio and fellow Katipunero, *Emilio Jacinto, who wrote a number of poems and essays for the society members*. The recruitment process of the Katipunan followed the Masonic initiation rites while its structure was said to be based **on Rizal's aborted reformist organization, the La Liga Filipina.** The new members of the society were indoctrinated with the Katipunan rules and its teachings that emphasized the value of the love of one's country and fellow Filipinos. **About the Author** **Emilio Jacinto** was born *on December 15, 1875 in the district of Trozo in Tondo, Manila.* He was the son of *Mariano Jacinto, a bookkeeper, and Josefa Dizon*. Living a life of poverty, Jacinto still managed to get a good education. He finished his **elementary education in a private school then took up his secondary education at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran**. He later studied **law at the University of Santo Tomas** where he Developed a love of reading and improved his skills in Spanish. Unfortunately, he had to stop his studies **when the Philippine Revolution began in 1896.** ***Jacinto joined the Katipunan in 1894 at the age of 18 and took the symbolic name Pingkian.*** It was during this time that he developed his nationalistic ideals. Through his enthusiasm and ideas, Jacinto became a guiding light to the members of the society. He wrote **the Kartilya as well as the oath of the Katipuneros**. He also edited the **Katipunan newspaper, Kalayaan,** and was the author of several literary writings using ***the pen-name "Dimas Ilaw."*** He served the Katipunan in different capacities such as secretary, fiscal, editor, and later **was appointed General by Bonifacio in 1897. He also served as an adviser to the Supremo**. After the ***death of Bonifacio in Cavite in 1897***, Jacinto continued the fight against the Spaniards even **after the truce following the Pact of Biak-na-Bato**. He was wounded in a battle against the Spaniards in Magdalena, Laguna and was captured. Upon investigation, Jacinto was released after he managed to convince the Spanish soldiers he was a spy in their service when he showed them a military pass issued to a man he killed several months ago. Jacinto quickly went into hiding in Manila. There he sent a letter to Apolinario Mabini in Malolos, Bulacan stating his plan to continue his law studies at the newly-established Literary University of the Philippines. But this plan was discontinued when Jacinto had to go back to Laguna to lead his fellow patriots in the war against the new enemy, the Americans. He established his headquarters in the town of Majayjay where he, unfortunately, contracted malaria**. He died on April 6, 1899.** **UNDERSTANDING PERSPECTIVE** About the Text In his study of the Katipunan history and its documents, **Jim Richardson said that "the Kartilya is** the best known of all Katipunan texts" and that it is "the only document of any length set in print by the Katipunan prior to August 1896 that is known to be still extant." The Kartilya was printed as a small pamphlet that was distributed to the members of the Katipunan. Its term was derived from the **Spanish cartilla** which was the primer used for grade schools during the Spanish period. And like the cartillas, this document served as the primary lessons for the members of the Katipunan. TO ANYONE WHO WILL JOIN THIS MEETING In the necessity, that all who wanted to enter this meeting, have complete faith and thought in the directions to go and the teachings that exist, I even wanted to introduce them to these things, and tomorrow they will spit when they repent and fulfill their duties at will. The desire pursued by this gathering is very great and important, it will stir the hearts and minds of all Tagalogs through a strict campaign, so that in this unity they will be able to destroy the dense veil that blinds the mind and discover the true bridge of Reason and Enlightenment. Tagalog words teach everything wing upan his wa Ten nó, in makstnik, ping math, H neer. Lapangpongs man, ete, ay lagaleg din From the private collection of Emmanuel ETHE KARTILYA OF THE KAPIPUNA **The Kartilya presents not only the teachings for the neophyte Katipunero but also the guiding principles of the society**. These teachings are expected from the members even after the attainment of freedom from the colonizers. The Kartilya ends with a document of affirmation by the member to the society's teachings. The Kartilya was not just a document for the Katipunan. Its importance today is predicated on the teachings that embodied the moral and nationalistic principles of a nation that fought for independence. These principles are relevant as the sense of nationhood still holds true when the cultural and historical values of every Filipino are threatened by the onslaught of foreign influences brought about by today's globalization.. **Kartilya ng Katipunan** **Tekstong Tagalog** **Katipunan nang Manga A.N.B** *SA MAY NASANG MAKISANIB SA KATIPUNANG ITO* **Sa** pagkakailangan, na ang lahat na nagiibig pumasuk sa katipunang ito, ay magkaroon ng lubos na pananalig at kaisipan sa mga layong tinutungo at mga kaaralang pinaiiral, minarapat na ipakilala sa kanila ang mga bagay na ito, at ng bukas makalawa'y huag silang magsisi at tuparing maluag sa kalooban ang kanilang mga tutungkulin. **Ang** kabagayang pinaguusig ng katipunang ito ay lubos na dakila at mahalaga; papagisahin ang loob at kaisipan ng lahat Ng tagalog(\*) sa pamagitan ng isang mahigpit na panuпитра, upang sa pagkakaisang ito'y magkalakas na iwasak ang masinsing tabing na nakabubulag sa kaisipan at matuklasan ang tunay na landas ng Katuiran at Kaliwanagan. **Dito'y** isa sa mga kaunaunahang utos, ang tunay na pagibig sa bayang tinubuan at lubos na pagdadamayan ng isa't isa. **Maralita,** mayaman, mangmang, marunong, lahat dito'y magkakapantay at tunay na magkakapatid. **Kapagkarakang** mapusok dito ang sino man, tataligdan pilit ang buhalhal na kaugalian, at paiilalim sa kapangyarihan ng mga banal na utos ng katipunan. **Ang gawang** lahat, na laban sa kamahalan at kalinisan, dito'y kinasusuklaman; kaya't sa bagay na ito ipinaiilalim sa masigasig na pakikibalita ang kabuhayan ng sino mang nagiibig makisanib sa katipunang ito. **Kung ang hangad** ng papasuk dito'y ang tumalastas lamang ng mga kalihiman nito, o ang ikagiginhawa ng sariling katawan, o ang kilalanin ang mga naririto't ng maipagbili sa isang dakot na salapi, huag magpatuloy, sapagkat dito'y bantain lamang ay talastas na ng makapal na nakikiramdam sa kaniya, at karakarakang nilalapatan ng mabisang gamut, na laan sa mga sukaban. **Dito'y gawa** ang hinahanap at gawa ang tinitignan; kaya't hindi dapat pumasuk ang di makagagawa, kahit magaling magsalita. **Ipinauunawa** din, na ang mga katungkulang ginaganap ng lahat ng napaaanak sa katipunang ito ay lubhang mabibigat lalung lalu na, kung gugunitain na di magyayaring maiiwasan at walang kusang pagkukulang na di aabutin ng kakilakilabot na kaparusahan. **Kung ang hangad** ng papasuk dito, ang siya'y abuluyan o ang ginhawa't malayaw na katahimikan ng katawan, huag magpatuloy, sapagkat mabigat na mga katungkulan ang matatagpuan, gaya ng pagtatangkilik sa mga naaapi at madaluhong na paguusig sa lahat ng kasamaan; sa bagay na ito ay aabutin ang maligalig na pamumuhay. **Di kaila sa kangino** paman ang mga nagbalang kapahamakan sa mga tagalog na nakaiisip nitong mga banal na kabagayan (at hindi man), at mga pahirap na ibinibigay ang naghaharing kalupitan, kalikuan at kasamaan. **Talastas din** naman ng lahat ang pagkakailangan ng salapi, na sa ngayo'y isa sa mga unang lakas na maaasahang magbibigay buhay sa lahat; sa bagay na ito, kinakailangan ang lubos na pagtupad sa mga pagbabayaran; piso sa pagpasok at sa buan buan ay sikapat. Ang salaping ito'y ipinagbibigay alam ng nagiingat sa tuing kapanahunan, bukod pa sa mapagsisiyasat ng sinoman kailan ma't ibigin. Di makikilos ang salaping ito, kun di pagkayarian ng karamihan. **Ang lahat ng** ipinagsaysay at dapat gunitain at mahinahong pagbulaybulayin, sapagkat di magaganap at di matitiis ng walang tunay na pagibig sa tinubuang lupa, at tunay na adhikang ipagtangkilik ang Kagalingan. **At ng lalong** mapagtimbang ng sariling isip at kabaitan, basahin ang sumusunod na **MGA ARAL NANG KATIPUNAN NG MGA Α.Ν.Β** **Ang kabuhayang** hindi ginugugol sa isang malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na walang lilim, kundi damong Makamandag. **Ang gawang** magaling na nagbubuhat sa pagpipita sa sarili, At hindi sa talagang nasang gumawa ng kagalingan, ay di Kabaitan. **Ang tunay** na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang gawa, ang pagibig sa kapua at ang isukat ang bawat kilos, gawa't pangungusap sa talagang Katuiran. **Maitim man at maputi** ang kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao'y magkakapantay; mangyayaring ang isa'y higtan sa dunong, sa yaman, sa ganda...; ngunit di mahihigtan sa pagkatao. **Ang may mataas** na kalooban inuuna ang puri sa pagpipita sa sarili; ang may hamak na kalooban inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili sa puri. **Sa taong may hiya,** salita'y panunumра. **Huag mong** sasayangin ang panahun; ang yamang nawala'y magyayaring magbalik; nguni't panahung nagdaan na'y di na muli pang magdadaan. **Ipagtangol** mo ang inaapi, at kabakahin ang umaapi. **Ang taong matalino'y** ang may pagiingat sa bawat sasabihin, at matutong ipaglihim ang dapat ipaglihim. **Sa daang matinik** ng kabuhayan, lalaki ay siyang patnugot ng asawa't mga anak; kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama, ang patutunguhan ng inaakay ay kasamaan din. **Ang babai** ay huag mong tignang isang bagay na libangan lamang, kun di isang katuang at karamay sa mga kahirapan nitong kabuhayan; gamitan mo ng boong pagpipitagan ang kaniyang kahinaan, at alalahanin ang inang pinagbuhata't nagiwi sa iyong kasangulan. **Ang di mo ibig** na gawin sa asawa mo, anak at kapatid, ay huag mong gagawin sa asawa, anak, at kapatid ng iba. **Ang kamahalan ng tao'y wala sa pagkahari,** wala sa tangus ng Ilong at puti ng mukha, wala sa pagkaparing kahilili ng Dios, wala sa mataas na kalagayan sa balat ng lupa; wagas At tunay na mahal na tao, kahit laking gubat at walang Nababatid kun di ang sariling wika, yaong may Magandang Asal, may isang pangungusap, may dangal at puri; yaong di Napaaapi't di nakikiapi; yaong marunong magdamdam at Marunong lumingap sa bayang tinubuan **Paglaganap ng mga aral** na ito at maningning na sumikat ang araw ng mahal na Kalayaan dito sa kaabaabang Sangkalupuan, at sabugan ng matamis niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang magkalahi't magkakapatid ng ligayang walang katapusan, ang mga ginugol na buhay, pagud, at mga tiniis na kahirapa'y labis nang natumbasan. **Kung lahat ng ito'y** mataruk na ng nagiibig pumasuk at inaakula niyang matutupad ang mga tutungkulin, maitatala ang kaniyang ninanasa sa kasunod nito. Note: The teachings are followed by a form to be filled out with name, hometown, age, occupation, status, and address. The Kartilya concludes with a brief undertaking to be signed by the person who intends to join the association. English Translation **ASSOCIATION OF THE SONS OF THE PEOPLE** To Those Who Want to Join this Association In order that all who want to enter this Association may have a full understanding and knowledge of its guiding principles and main teachings, it is necessary to make these things known to them so that they will not, tomorrow or the next day, repent, and so that they may perform their duties wholeheartedly. This Association pursues a most worthy and momentous object: to unite the hearts and minds of all the Tagalogs by means of an inviolable oath, in order that this union may be strong enough to tear aside the **thick veil that obscures thought, and to find the true path of Reason and Enlightenment.** One of **the foremost rules here is true love of the native land and genuine compassion for one another**. **Poor,** rich, ignorant, wise-bere, all are equal and true brethren. **As soon** as anybody enters here, he shall perforce disorderly habits and shall submit to the authority of the sacred commands of the Katipunan. Renounce **All acts contrary** to noble and clean living are repugnant here, and bence the life of anyone who wants to affiliate with this Association will be submitted to a searching investigation. **If the applicant merely** wishes to know the secrets of the Association, or to seek personal gratification, or to know who are here in order to sell them for a handful of silver, he cannot proceed, for here the many who are watching him will already know his intentions, and will immediately have recourse to an effective remedy, such as befits traitors. **Here, only** actions are demanded and esteemed; hence anybody who is not willing to act should not enter, no matter how good a speaker he might be. **It is also announced that the duties to be performed** by the members of this association are exceedingly hard, especially if one remembers that there can be no dereliction or wilful evasion of duty without the exaction of a terrible punishment. **If an applicant merely desires financial** support relief or wants to lead a life of bodily comfort and ease, he had better not proceed, for he will encounter weighty tasks, like the protection of the oppressed and the relentless fight against all that is evil. In this way, his fate will be a vexatious life. **Nobody is unaware of the misfortune** that threatens the Filipinos who contemplate these things that are sacred (and even those that are not) and the sufferings they are made to endure by the reign of cruelty, injustice and evil. **Everybody also knows** the need for money, which today is one of the main things upon which we depend to bring sustenance to all. In this regard, the punctual payment of dues is required: one peso upon entry and then twelve and a half Centavos each month. The custodian of the funds will periodically render an account to the members, and each member has a right to examine the accounts, should he so wish. The funds cannot be expended without the consent of the majority. **All this must be thought over and** deliberated upon calmly, as it cannot be accomplished or endured by anyone who has no love for his native land and no genuine desire to promote Progress. **And for the upliftment** of your mind and virtue, read the following **Teachings of the Katipunan of The Sons of the People** **A life that is not** dedicated to a great eat and sacred cause is like a tree without a shade, or a poisonous weed. **A good deed** lacks virtue if it springs from a desire for personal profit and not from a sincere desire to do good. **True charity resides** in acts of compassion, in love for one's fellow men, and in making true Reason the measure of every move, deed and word. **Be their skin dark** or pale, all men are equal. One can be superior to another in knowledge, wealth and beauty... but not in being. **A person with a noble** character values honor above self-interest, while a person with an ignoble character values self-interest above honor. **An honorable man's** word is his bond. **Don't waste time;** lost wealth may be recovered, but time lost is lost forever. **Defend the** oppressed and fight the oppressor. **An intelligent man** is he who takes care in everything he says and keeps quiet about what must be kept secret. **Along the** and children follow. If the leader goes the way of perdition, then so do those who are led. **Do not regard** a woman as a mere plaything, but as a helpmate and partner in the hardships of this existence. Have due regard to her weakness, and remember the mother who brought you into this world and nurtured you in your infancy. **What you would** not want done to your wife, daughter and sister, do not do to the wife, daughter and sister of another. **A man's** worth does not come from him being a king, or in the height of his nose and the whiteness of his face, or in him being a priest, a representative of God, or in his exalted position on the face of this earth. Pure and truly noble is he who, though born in the forest and able to speak only his own tongue, behaves decently, is true to his word, has dignity and honor, who is not an oppressor and does not abet oppressors, who knows how to cherish and look after the land of his birth. **When these doctrines** have spread and the brilliant sun of beloved liberty shines on these poor Islands, and sheds its sweet light upon a united race, a people in everlasting happiness, then the lives lost, the struggle and the suffering will have been more than recompensed. **Relevance** The current relevance of the Kartilya lies in the fact that it established not only the rules for the members of the organization but the principles for the citizens of a nation once independence had been achieved. Though written in the 19^th^ century, the Kartilya is significant to the lives of modern Filipinos as it reads like a simple creed for living in the light of the many changes occurring at present.