Readings in Philippine History Week 10 PDF

READINGS IN Philippine History WEEK 10 PREPARED BY: MS. VILLOJAN KKK The Katipunan, also referred to by its short name KKK or "Kataas- taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan," in full was a secret society established on July 7, 1892, in Manila. Its primary objecti...

READINGS IN Philippine History WEEK 10 PREPARED BY: MS. VILLOJAN KKK The Katipunan, also referred to by its short name KKK or "Kataas- taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan," in full was a secret society established on July 7, 1892, in Manila. Its primary objective was to liberate the Philippines from Spanish rule through a revolution. When translated into English, the name "Katipunan" signifies the Supreme and Venerable Society of the Children of the Nation.  Historical Context The Philippines was under Spanish colonial rule for 333 years. Spanish colonization brought both exploitation and some benefits, such as infrastructure and education. Growing tensions led to the desire for independence among Filipinos. There are three main objectives of the Katipunan: political, moral, and civic. Political. The primary political objective was to gain a total separation of the Philippines from Spanish rule by declaring independence and establishing an autonomous nation. Moral. The moral objective revolved around the teaching of good manners, hygiene, and good morals. Civic. The civic aim revolved around the principle of self-help and the defense of the poor and the oppressed. All members were urged to come to the aid of the sick comrades and their families, and in case of death the society itself was to pay for the funeral  KATIPUNAN MEMBERSHIP When the Katipunan reached more than a hundred members, Bonifacio divided the members into three levels: the KATIPON, KAWAL, and BAYANI.  KATIPUNAN MEMBERSHIP KATIPON - Mga kasapi sa unang antas: Iba pang mga simbolo: Itim na talukbong, rebolber at/o bolo. (Itim) KAWAL - Mga kasapi sa ikalawang antas. Iba pang mga simbolo: medalyon na may lasong lunti at may nakasulat na K. (Luntian) BAYANI - Kasapi sa ikatlong antas. Iba pang mga simbolo: Pulang talukbong at  Key Concepts KKK Katipunero/Katipunera Cedula Magdalo Magdiwang  Key Concepts KKK - the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan Katipunero/Katipunera - member/follower of Katipunan. Cedula - served as both an identification card and proof of payment, which individuals were required to possess and carry with them at all times.  Key Concepts Magdalo - a faction of the Katipunan led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, Emilio Aguinaldo’s cousin. Magdiwang - a chapter of the Katipunan was started by Mariano Álvarez but more popularly associated with Andres Bonifacio.  LEADERS OF KATIPUNAN The Leaders of the Katipunan: ▪ Deodato Arellano -Supremo ▪ Ladislao Diwa -Fiscal ▪ Teodora Plata -Secretary ▪ Valentine Diaz -treasurer ▪ Andres Bonifacio -controller Originally a secret revolutionary society composed exclusively of men, KKK eventually embraced both men and women in their Women played important roles such as hiding confidential KKK documents and joining secret meetings. They cleverly danced, sang, and celebrated whenever there were meetings to avoid  WOMEN IN KATIPUNAN GREGORIA DE MELCHORA AQUINO JESUS “MOTHER OF ALSO KNOWN AS KATIPUNAN” TANDANG SORA When in assembly, they had a safe place to gather at Tandang Sora's house. She took care of the injured members and became known as the "Mother of the Revolution" in our history.  DISCOVERY OF KATIPUNAN The existence of the Katipunan eventually became known to the colonial authorities through Teodoro Patiño, who revealed it to the Spaniard La Font, general manager of the printing shop Diario de Manila. Patiño was engaged in a bitter dispute over pay with a co-worker, Katipunero member Apolonio de la Cruz, and exposed the  DISCOVERY OF KATIPUNAN TEODORO APOLONIO DELA PATIÑO CRUZ DIARIO DE MANILA-PRINTING  DISCOVERY OF Rumors about KATIPUNAN a secret revolutionary society had long been in circulation, although no solid evidence could be found to support them. The big break as far as the Spanish authorities was concerned, came on August 19, 1896 when a KKK member, Teodoro Patiño told his sister Honoria about the existence of the Katipunan. Patiño was a worker in the printing press of Diario de Manila. Honoria was then living with nuns in a  DISCOVERY OF The information KATIPUNAN upset Honoria so much that she told the orphanage’s Mother Superior, Sor Teresa de Jesus, what her brother had revealed. Sor Teresa suggested they seek the advice of Father Mariano Gil, the parish priest of Tondo. After hearing Patiño’s revelations, Father Mariano Gil- accompanied by several Guardias Civiles immediately searched the premises of Diario de Manila and found evidence of the Katipunan’s existence.  CRY OF PUGADLAWIN Andres Bonifacio called a meeting in Pugad Lawin, where some leaders of the Katipunan decided to launch the revolution in pursuit of freedom for the Filipinos. In Pugad Lawin, they tore up their cedulas and shouted, "Long live the Philippines! (MABUHAY ANG PILIPINAS)"  CRY OF PUGADLAWIN This important event is called the Cry of Pugad Lawin and marked the beginning of an armed struggle for Philippine independence led by Andres Bonifacio. The First Battle: San Juan del Monte also referred to as Battle of Pinaglabanan, The Katipunan initiated an attack on Spanish soldiers on August 30, 1896. Despite courage, they faced significant casualties and were ill-equipped. The battle highlighted the challenges faced by the revolutionaries.  Tejeros Convention The revolt spread throughout the other parts of the country, such as Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog region. The Katipunan had a lot of members; from its establishment with less than 300 members, it rose to 3000 members in January 1896.  Tejeros Convention However, internal conflicts within members resulted in splitting of the Katipunan in Cavite: Magdalo and Magdiwang. Magdalo Faction - named after the patroness of Kawit Mary Magdalene, led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, Emilio Aguinaldo’s cousin. This group believed that a revolutionary government should be established, replacing the Katipunan. Magdiwang Faction - led by Mariano Alvarez, believed that the Katipunan should remain the government of the revolutionists because its by- laws and constitution were already recognized.  Tejeros Convention On March 22, 1897, leaders from two groups in the revolutionary government, Magdiwang and Magdalo, gathered in Tejeros, San Francisco de Malabon.  Tejeros The leaders Convention decided to elect the officers for the Revolutionary government. Later, Andres Bonifacio presided over the convention. Before the meeting started, he made the members of the assembly pledge that they would all respect the decision of the majority.  Tejeros Convention The results of the election were: President - Emilio Aguinaldo Vice-President - Mariano Trias Captain-General - Artemio Ricarte Director of War - Emiliano Riego de Dios Director of the Interior - Andres Bonifacio  Tejeros Convention Surprisingly, the Supremo got the lowest position while Aguinaldo got the highest despite not being present during the election.  Tejeros Convention In addition, Daniel Tirona, protested against Bonifacio being elected because according to him, an educated person should be the one to handle the position. These had caused disagreement among the members that made Bonifacio declare the result of the election null and void.  Outcome Tejeros Convention In the aftermath of the Tejeros Convention, Andres Bonifacio, who was not present at the assembly, expressed his suspicions about the fairness of the election in a letter to Emilio Jacinto. He believed that the process had been manipulated.  Outcome Tejeros Convention In response, Bonifacio and a group of 45 followers convened on March 23, 1897, drafting a significant document which they signed and became known as the Acta de Tejeros (the Tejeros Act). This document outlined their reasons for rejecting the election results, indicating their dissatisfaction with the proceedings.  Outcome Tejeros Convention As tensions escalated, Bonifacio and his supporters relocated to Naic, Cavite, where they penned another crucial document called the Naic Military Agreement. This agreement solidified their rejection of the revolutionary government formed at Hacienda Tejeros.  THE DOWNFALL OF ANDRES BONIFACIO Bonifacio felt betrayed and stormed out of the convention. Aguinaldo ordered Bonifacio's arrest, viewing him as a threat. Bonifacio was charged with treason and executed in 1897.  THE DOWNFALL OF ANDRES BONIFACIO The Bonifacio brothers (ANDRES AND PROCOPIO) were executed on May 10, 1897, in the mountains of Maragondon, Cavite. he was executed by a firing squad by Major Lázaro Macapagal  The Role of the United States The Spanish-American War broke out in 1898. The U.S. defeated the Spanish fleet, impacting the revolution. The Treaty of Paris resulted in Spain ceding the Philippines to the U.S.  TREATY OF PARIS The Treaty of Peace between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain, commonly known as the Treaty of Paris of 1898, was signed by Spain and the United States, that ended the Spanish–American War.  TREATY OF PARIS CUBA PHILIPPINES PUERTO RICO $20,000,000  Proclamation of Independence Philippine independence was declared on June 12, 1898. Filipinos celebrated freedom from Spanish rule. However, they soon faced a new colonial power: the United States.  LEGACY OF KATIPUNAN Despite its tragic end, the Katipunan remains a symbol of independence. It played a crucial role in Philippine history. The revolution laid the foundation for future struggles for freedom. END ¼ YELLOW PAPER MULTIPLE CHOICE 1- 1. What was the primary objective of the Katipunan? - A) To promote education among Filipinos - B) To liberate the Philippines from Spanish rule - C) To establish trade relations with other countries - D) To create a cultural society for Filipinos 2. The term "Katipunan" translates to which of the following in English? - A) Society of the Brave - B) Supreme and Venerable Society of the Children of the Nation - C) Brotherhood of Freedom 3. Which of the following best describes the moral objective of the Katipunan? - A) To promote armed conflict against the Spanish - B) To teach good manners, hygiene, and good morals - C) To establish a government in exile 4. IT REFERS TO THE HIGHEST FORM OF KATIPUNAN MEMBERSHIP WHICH CONSISTS OF ELECTED OFFICIALS OF THE KATIPUNAN A. KATIPON C. BAYANI B. KAWAL D. KINTOS 5. SHE WAS KNOWN FOR BEING THE “MOTHER OF KATIPUNAN” A. MELCHORA AQUINO B. GREGORIA DE JESUS C. MARCELLA AGONCILLO D. JOSEPHINE BRACKEN 6. Who was responsible for revealing the existence of the Katipunan to the Spanish authorities? - A) Andres Bonifacio - B) Teodoro Patiño - C) Emilio Aguinaldo - D) Mariano Álvarez 7. What significant event is referred to as the "Cry of Pugad Lawin"? - A) The first battle against Spanish forces - B) The formal declaration of independence - C) The meeting where members tore their cedulas - D) The establishment of the Katipunan 8. The Tejeros Convention resulted in which of the following outcomes? - A) The unification of all factions under Bonifacio - B) The election of Emilio Aguinaldo as president - C) The immediate surrender to Spanish forces - D) The dissolution of the Katipunan 9. WHEN WAS THE KATIPUNAN ESTABLISHED? A. JULY 17, 1892 B. JULY 7, 1892 C. JULY 27, 1892 D. JULY 22, 1892 10. DURING THE TEJEROS CONVENTION, ANDRES BONIFACIO WAS ELECTED AS ___________. A. CAPTAIN GENERAL B. DIRECTOR OF WAR C. SECRETARY D. DIRECTOR OF INTERIOR 11. What role did Tandang Sora play in the Katipunan? - A) She was a military leader - B) She provided care for injured members and hid documents - C) She was responsible for financial matters - D) She led the factional disputes 12. A chapter/Faction of the Katipunan was started by Mariano Álvarez but more popularly associated with Andres Bonifacio. A. KAWAL C. MAGDALO B. KATIPON D. MAGDIWANG 13. The execution of Bonifacio and his brother Procopio was ordered by whom? - A) The Spanish authorities - B) Emilio Aguinaldo - C) The Katipunan members - D) The United States government 14. What was the primary purpose of the Naic Military Agreement drafted by Bonifacio and his followers? - A) To establish a new government - B) To reject the authority of the Tejeros Convention - C) To negotiate peace with the Spanish - D) To unify all factions under Aguinaldo’s leadership 15. HOW MUCH DID AMERICANS PAID TO SPANIARDS UNDER THE TREATY OF PARIS? A. PHP 20,000.00 B. PHP 20,000,000.00 C. $20, 000.00 D. $20,000,000.00 16. WHERE WAS THE FIRST OFFICIAL BATTLE IN THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION HAPPENED? A. SAN JUAN DEL MONTE B. BALINTAWAK C. PUGADLAWIN D. MACTAN 17. WHO WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE KATIPUNAN? A. ANDRES BONIFACIO B. EMILIO AGUINALDO C. EMILIO JACINTO D. DEODATO ARELLANO  18. Which of the following best describes the legacy of the Katipunan? - A) It was a failed attempt at revolution - B) It served as a symbol of independence and resistance - C) It was a secret society with no lasting impact 19. The proclamation of Philippine independence occurred on which date? - A) June 12, 1896 - B) June 12, 1898 - C) June 22, 1896 - D) June 22, 1898 20. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF KKK? (TAGALOG COMPLETE VERSION)