Philippine Revolution: The Katipunan (PDF)

The Katipunan & Philippine By: Eishei Maye Andrino & Vanine Yvonne Revolution Cabucos The Philippine Revolution The Philippine Revolution is one of the most important events in the history of the Philippines, awakening a proud sense of nationalism for generations of Filipinos to come. In...

The Katipunan & Philippine By: Eishei Maye Andrino & Vanine Yvonne Revolution Cabucos The Philippine Revolution The Philippine Revolution is one of the most important events in the history of the Philippines, awakening a proud sense of nationalism for generations of Filipinos to come. In a period of heavy struggle and conflict, Filipinos of different backgrounds united with a common goal: to resist colonialism. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Cras arcu metus, feugiat vitae ante ac, aliquet tempus ante. In euismod nibh eget lacinia imperdiet. Maecenas tristique risus felis, ut ultrices lectus ultrices lobortis.  The Katipunan (KKK) (1896-1898) Led by Andrés Bonifacio, the Katipunan was formed in secrecy in 1892 in the wake of the nascent La Liga Filipina, an organization created by Filipino nationalist José Rizal and others in Spain with goals of Philippine representation to the Spanish Parliament. Katipunan soon gained influence across the islands, and sought an armedIts revolution primary objective was achieving independence from the Spanish Empire through an armed revolution. It was formed as a secret society before its eventual discovery by Spanish authorities in August 1896. This discovery led to the start of the Philippine Revolution.  (1896-1898) Kataastaasan Kagalanggalangan na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan(KKK)  The six Andrés founders of the Bonifacio Father of the Philippine revolution Katipunan Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro was born on November 30, 1863, in Tondo, Manila. Bonifacio was born of poor parents in Manila and had little formal education, working as a messenger and warehouse keeper before becoming involved in revolutionary activity. He was, however, well-read. Unlike the nationalist poet and novelist José Rizal, who wanted to reform Spanish rule in the Philippines, Bonifacio advocated complete independence from Spain. In 1892 he founded the Katipunan in Manila, modelling its organization and ceremony on that of the Masonic order. The Katipunan at first grew slowly, but by  LADISLAO DIWA Ladislao Diwa was from Logia Taliba No 165, Masonic name Baguio. A native of San Roque, Cavite, he was working as "Escribano del Juzgado" when he was captured by the Spanish authorities in Betis Pampanga, after the exposure of the Katipunan.  Teodoro Plata Teodoro Plata was a member of Logia Taliba No 165, Masonic name Balany. He was the cousin of Gregoria de Jesus who became the wife of Andres Bonifacio. He in turn married Bonifacio's sister Espiridiona. He was a close friend of Ladislao Diwa and both studied at the "Universidad de Santo Tomas" (UST). But he was not as fortunate as Diwa because he was executed at Bagumbayan (Luneta) on February 1897.  DEODATO ARELLANO Deodato Arellano was from Logia Lusong No 185, Masonic name Buan. He was the first Supremo or president of the Supreme Council of the Katipunan, 1892-93. He was present during Rizal’s founding of La Liga Filipina and was elected its secretary.  JOSE DIZON Jose Dizon, Masonic name Montgomery was the founder of Logia Taliba No 165. He served as Venerable Master of Taliba and later became the Grand Fourth Vice-President of the Gran Consejo Regional de Filipinas.  VALENTIN DIAZ Valentin Diaz was a member of Logia Taliba No 165, Masonic name Tupas. Diaz was from Paoay, Ilocos Norte. He became Oficial de Mesa del Juzgado de Binondo and like the others, joined Rizal's Liga Filipina.  A S T R EET Z C A R R A G 7 2 A M A N I LA RESIDENCE OF DEODATO ARELLANO IN CALLE ELCANO CORNER AZCARRAGA, BIRTHPLACE OF THE T O N D O KATIPUNAN TO BECOME A MEMBER OF THE KKK, AN APPLICANT MUST SIGN HIS NAME WITH HIS BLOOD. Triangular System It was the original plan of Bonifacio to increase the membership of the Katipunan by means of sistemang patatsulok or triangle system. He formed his first triangle with his two comrades, Teodoro Plata and Ladislao Diwa. Each of them re-instituted  The three grades of membership in the Katipunan were the Katipon, the Kawal, and the Bayani: Katipon: The lowest rank, which translates to "Associate" Kawal: Soldier Bayani: Hero or Patriot  EMILIO JACINTO THE BRAINS OF THE KATIPUNAN a member of the Katipunan, was a prolific writer and thinker who contributed greatly to the Philippine Revolution. He wrote several revolutionary manifestos and essays that emphasized the importance of national unity, social justice, and freedom.  Kalayaan KALAYAAN was the official newspaper of the Katipunan. It was produced and circulated on the brink of the revolution. The publication of the first issue of the Kalayaan helped swell the ranks of the Katipunan and win more adherents to its side. Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and Dr. Pio Valenzuela created Kalayaan, an all-Tagalog newspaper, to  LYA N G KARTI A N KATIP U N SAMPUNG UTOS NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN Role of women in the Katipunan Along with Filipino men, women took part in all of these major historical transformations. During the revolutionary period itself, which is the focus of this paper, they acted in a wide variety of roles-as messengers, soldiers, nurses, guards, mothers, fund- raisers, spies, strategists and so  Gregoria Alvarez de Jesusng Lakambini katipunan also known as Ka Oriang, (May 9, 1875-March 15, 1943) was the founder and vice president of the Katipunan’s Women’s chapter. She also served as the custodian of the Katipunan as almost all belongings of the Katipunan — seal, revolver, documents — were under her care. As such, when the Guardia Sibil would conduct search operations within their vicinity, she would gather all Katipunan-related items and documents and drive away, even  MELCHORA AQUINO MOTHER OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION Popularly known as Tandang Sora (January 6, 1812 — March 2, 1919), was known as the “Mother of the Revolution.” During her time as a supporter of the revolution, she would feed the Katipuneros, provide them shelter and other necessities.  TERESA MAGBANUA NANAY ISA was known as the “ Visayan Joan of Arc.” She was a Filipino school teacher and military leader. When the Philippine revolution began, she did not hesitate in joining the Katipunan despite the opposition of her husband. She was known to have joined and led numerous battles against the Spaniards and the Americans. She was arguably the bravest Ilonggo woman in her time as she had been known as the only woman to have ever led troops in the Visayan region during the revolution.  TRINIDAD TECSON MOTHER OF BIAK-NA- BATO She joined the revolution in 1895 at the age of 47. She pilfered firearms, delivered food, and tended to Katipuneros’ injuries. She was also known as a brave soldier as she had joined numerous fights such as in San Ildefonso, San Miguel and San Jose, Nueva Ecija. She has served under numerous generals, with Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in Biak-na-Bato being the most notable.  JOSEFA RIZAL Josefa Rizal, often overshadowed by her more famous brothers, notably Dr. Jose Rizal, played a noteworthy role in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule. She was an active member of the Katipunan, a revolutionary society that sought independence for the Philippines  DI C OV E RY OF THE KAT IP U NA N The big break as far as the Spanish authorities w as concerned, came on August 19, 1896 when a KKK member, Teodoro Patiño told his sister Honoria about the existence of the Katipunan. Patiño was a worker in the printing press of Diario de Manila.  PU G AD L AWI N CRY OF The Cry, defined as that turning point when the Filipinos finally refused Spanish colonial dominion over the Philippine Islands. With tears in their eyes, the people as one man, pulled out their cedulas and tore them into pieces. It was the beginning of the formal declaration of the separation from Spanish IYAK NG PUGAD LAWIN (AUGUST 23, 1896)  Gov. General Ramon Blanco Following the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in August 1896, Governor-General Ramon Blanco declared on August 30 the imposition of martial law in eight provinces: Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Rivalries emerged between commanders and territories, creating big rifts in the association. The Katipunan divided into two councils, namely the Magdiwang and Magdalo – that is, those who favoured Aguinaldo and those who favoured Bonifacio. To settle the leadership dispute, The Magdiwang was represented by Andres Bonifacio, Mariano Alvarez, Pascual Alvarez, Santiago Alvarez, Luciano San Miguel, Mariano Trias, Severino de las Alas, Santos Nocon and others, while the Magdalo was represented by Baldomero Aguinaldo, Daniel Tirona, Cayetano Topacio,  The two factions of the Katipunan Magdalo Magdiwang  TH E I M U S R 3 1 , D E C E M B E C O N V E N T O 1896 I N The Imus Assembly was the meeting held between the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions of the Katipunan at Imus, Cavite, Philippines, on December 31, 1896, the day following the execution of José Rizal. This was convened in order to settle the  H E T E J E R T MARCH 22, 1897 OS CONVE N T IO N Bonifacio called for the election results to be respected. When the voting ended, Bonifacio had lost and the leadership turnover to Aguinaldo, who was away fighting in Pasong Santol. Instead, he was elected to director of the interior but his qualifications were questioned by a Magdalo, Daniel Tirona. Bonifacio felt insulted and drew his pistol to shoot Tirona had not Artemio Ricarte intervened. Bonifacio declared the election null and void and stomped out in anger. Aguinaldo took his oath of office as president the next day in Santa Cruz de Malabon (now Tanza) in Cavite, as did the rest  H E T E J E R T MARCH 22, 1897 OS CONVE N T IO N President: EMILIO AGUINALDO Vice-President: MARIANO TRIAS Captain-General: ARTEMIO RICARTE Director of war: EMILIO REIGO DE DIOS Director of the interios: ANDRES BONIFACIO THE TEJEROS CONVENTION (MARCH 22, 1897)  T H E BO NI FACI O E XE CU T I O N O F THE O BMRAY T 1 0H, E 1 8R9 S 7 Andres and Procopio were executed on May 10, 1897. He was brought to Maragondon for trial by a military court that sentenced him to death for treason. Emilio Aguinaldo commuted the death sentence to banishment but was later influenced by generals around him to withdraw the commutation. THE EXECUTION OF THE BONIFACIO BROTHERS  AT O R E PU B LI C B I AK-N A-B N OV E M B E R 1 , 1897 The 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato established a provisional government for the Philippine Republic during the Philippine Revolution. It created a Supreme Council led by a president and four department secretaries to hold the power of the republic. It also established councils for justice and representatives. BIAK-NA-BATO (NOV 1, 1897)  By the end of 1897, Governor- General Primo de Rivera had accepted the impossibility of quelling the revolution by force of arms. In a statement to the Cortes Generales, he said, "I can take Biak-na-Bato, any military man can take it, but I can not answer that I could crush the rebellion." Desiring to make peace with Aguinaldo, he sent emissaries to Aguinaldo seeking a peaceful settlement. Nothing was accomplished until Pedro Paterno, a lawyer from Manila, volunteered to act as a negotiator. GOV. GENERAL PRIMO DE RIVERA  Pedro Paterno played a significant role in the Biak- na-Bato period of the Philippine Revolution. He was the instrument used in negotiating the Pact of Biak- na-Bato, a truce between the Philippine revolutionary forces and the Spanish colonial government. This pact, signed on December 14, 1897, allowed Emilio Aguinaldo and his troops to retreat to Hong Kong, temporarily ending the PEDRO PATERNO conflict.  AT O R E PU B LI C B I AK-N A-B N OV E M B E R 1 , 1897 THE PACT OF BIAK-NA-BATO (FOR THE FILIPINOS) 1.BOTH PARTIES WOULD END THE WAR 2. AGUINALDO, TOGETHER WITH WITH OTHER LEADERS OF THE KKK WOULD VOLUNTARILY LEAVE FOR HONG KONG 3. THE REMAINING KATIPUNEROS WOULD SURRENDER THEIR WEAPONS  AT O R E PU B LI C B I AK-N A-B N OV E M B E R 1 , 1897 THE PACT OF BIAK-NA-BATO (FOR THE SPANIARDS) 1. SPAIN WILL PAY 800,000 WHEN AGUINALDO COMPLIES 2. PAY AN ADDITION OF 900,000 FOR THE FAMILIES AFFECTED BY THE WAR.