Week 10 - La Liga & Katipunan History (PDF)

The la Liga and the Katipunan “ Reform and Revolution : A Century After  OBJECTIVES: 1.To identify the basics facts about Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio. 2.To discuss the purpose of La Liga and the objectives of Katipunan. 3.To Compare and contrast the ideals for ch...

The la Liga and the Katipunan “ Reform and Revolution : A Century After  OBJECTIVES: 1.To identify the basics facts about Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio. 2.To discuss the purpose of La Liga and the objectives of Katipunan. 3.To Compare and contrast the ideals for change and reform of the organizations La Liga Filipina and the Katipunan  RIZAL & BONIFACIO Rizal was essentially a reformist, Bonifacio was a revolutionary. But they were one in fighting for change. They were bound together by a common vision – the emergence of the Filipino nation. Every Nation embarks on a journey to its future. Failures, however, often mark those who miss some useful directions on history’s one way around.  RIZAL & BONIFACIO Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio are two of the most celebrated heroes of the Philippines, each playing significant roles in the country's struggle for independence. However, they had different backgrounds, ideologies, and approaches to achieving their shared goal.  RIZAL VS. BONIFACIO  BACKGROUND: RIZAL Rizal was born into a wealthy middle-class family and was highly educated. He studied in various institutions in the Philippines and Europe, becoming an accomplished writer, novelist, essayist, journalist, playwright, historian, and literary genius.  BACKGROUND: BONIFACIO Bonifacio was orphaned at a young age and had to work hard to support his siblings. He had no formal education but was a voracious reader.  IDEOLOGIES AND APPROACHES : RIZAL Rizal believed in peaceful reforms and gradual change through education. He used his writing to expose the injustices of the Spanish colonial system and advocated for reforms that would benefit Filipinos.  IDEOLOGIES AND APPROACHES : BONIFACIO Bonifacio, however, believed in the need for an armed revolution to achieve independence and was a strong advocate for the use of force to overthrow the Spanish colonial government.  ACTIONS: Rizal was moreRIZAL focused on writing, talking, and thinking, while Bonifacio was all about action. Rizal was known for his oratory, poetry, painting, fencing, and writing.  ACTIONS: BONIFACIO Bonifacio was busy being a hero, fighting battles, and pushing the revolution in many battle fronts.  LEGACY: RIZAL Rizal's legacy and ideas have been more widely celebrated and recognized in the Philippines, his works being taught in schools.  LEGACY: BONIFACIO Bonifacio's contribution, while significant, has sometimes been overlooked and not as widely celebrated.  In summary, both Rizal and Bonifacio were important figures in Philippine history, and their contributions have helped shape the country's identity and struggle for independence. Their differences offer us a glimpse into the complex and diverse ways in which Filipinos have fought for their freedom and sovereignty. THE LA LIGA FILIPINA Liga Filipina or The Philippine League was a secret organization. It was founded by José Rizal in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila on July 3, 1892. The organization derived from La Solidaridad and the Propaganda movement. While Rizal was in Hong Kong, he wrote the constitution of La Liga Filipina and realized the establishment upon his return to the Philippines On July 3, 1892, José Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina or the Philippine League in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila. The motto of La Liga Filipina was “ Unus Instar Omnium” in Spanish term, “One Like All”, in English and “Bawat isa’ykatulad ng Lahat” sa Filipino  The Aims of the La Liga Filipina are the following: 1. Unity and Cooperation 2. Civic Awareness and Reforms 3. Education and Culture 4. Peaceful Advocacy Rizal envisioned that La Liga Filipina as a civic organization, was to be a sort of mutual aid and self-help society dispensing scholarship funds and legal aid, loaning capital and setting up cooperatives. Though it was a civic organization, But the Spanish Authorities was alarmed, considered it dangerous and on the night of July 6, 1892, Rizal was secretly arrested and As Rizal was deported to Dapitan, the Liga became inactive, but it was reorganized by Domingo Franco and Andres Bonifacio. Apolinario Mabini became the secretary of the Supreme Council. Upon his suggestion, the organization decided to declare its support for La Solidaridad. Few months later, Bonifacio and the popular councils he had organized were no longer willing to send funds to the Madrid propagandists because they had become convinced that peaceful agitation for reforms The La Liga Filipina was divided into two groups: 1.Cuerpo de Compromisarios or the Los Compromisarios - composed of conservatives, who want peaceful reforms and continue supporting the La Solidaridad. 2. second group was led by Andres Bonifacio who want reforms through revolution.  THE KATIPUNAN  Katipunan had four major aims, namely: Indepedence Equality and Brotherhood Education and Self Improvement Nationalism and Patriotism  Officers of Katipunan Supreme President - Andres Bonifacio served as the firs Supreme President of the Katipunan, highest ranking officer responsible for overseeing the entire orgaization Supreme Council - Comprised the Supremo and other officers like the Supremo’s adviser, Fiscal( legal officer) Secretary, Treasurer and Auditor.  Officers of Katipunan Magdalo and Magdiwang - The Katipunan was further organized into two factions, the Magdalo and Magdiwang and each factions had its own officers. CONSTITUTION OF KATIPUNAN The Katipunan’s constitution known as the “Kartilya ng Katipunan” provided the ideological framework for organization. It emphasized the principles of equality, liberty, fraternity, and patriotism. When Rizal was deported to Dapitan, Bonifacio and some members of La Liga Filipina, came to the agreement that a revolutionary secret society must be founded, and thus the Kataastaasang Kagalang- Kagalang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan was born. The objectives of the Katipunan was popularly known in threefold: political, moral, and civic. Bonifacio then formed an underground secret society through the use of secret codes and passwords called the Katipunan in 1892. The Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Supreme and Venerable Society of the Children of the Nation) provided the rallying point for the people’s agitation for freedom, independence and equality. The Katipunan patterned its initiation rites after the Freemasonry, which Bonifacio was a Freemason. The organization had its own structure, law system and system of government. Symbols, crypto logic languages, clandestine rituals marked the Katipunan’s operations. From the society’s inception, Bonifacio was one of the Chief Officers and in 1895, he became the Presidente Supremo. The Katipunan quickly grew in popularity and by 1896 had more than 30,000 members. It was on this same year that the Spanish colonial authorities discovered the existence of the secret society and were considering steps to eradicate it. Bonifacio on the other hand together with his other members were planning how best to revolt against the Spanish. On the night of August 22, 1896, Andres Bonifacio, the Supremo of the Katipunan called an emergency meeting to Balinwak. During the meeting, Bonifacio tore his cedula ( community tax certificate) , a symbolic act representing their defiance against Spanish rule. On August 23, 1896, Bonifacio and his fellow Katipuneros tore their cedulas (residence certificate) which was marked as the historic “Cry of Balintawak” which actually occurred in Pugadlawin. Thus, it is also called “Sigaw ng Pugadlawin”. This marked the beginning of the Philippine revolution.  ACTIVITY Create a split illustration that visually compares and contrasts the themes of peaceful and aggressive reform. This activity encourages you to think critically about how different approaches to change are represented and how they impact society. All the important details for this activity will be uploaded to your google classroom.