ELS_Q1_Module-1_Origin-and-Structure-of-the-EarthPlanet-Earth_v2-1.pdf

Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth (Planet Earth) CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1 Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth – Planet Earth First Edition, 202...

Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth (Planet Earth) CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1 Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth – Planet Earth First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Rochelle M. Mercado Editors: Melanie I. Samudio Jocelyn M. Manset Reviewer: Jason Ricaforte, Angelica Beriña, Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida, Louie L. Alvarez, Gregorio M. De Chavez, Jr., Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan, Job S. Zape Jr., Leah C. Villegas, Waylie Niña D. De Claro Illustrator: Ednelinda Robles, Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo Layout Artist: Elizalde L. Piol, Anselma M. Ebero Jocelyn M. Manset Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Job S. Zape Jr. Eugenio S. Adrao Elaine T. Balaogan Merthel M. Evardome Nadine C. Celindro Nicolas M. Burgos Mario B. Maramot Fe M. Ong-ongowan Rosalinda A. Mendoza Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected] Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: Origin and Structure of the Earth (Planet Earth) Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module focuses on the lesson:  Lesson 1 – Planet Earth After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. identify the characteristics of the Earth that supports life; and 2. expound how the characteristics of the Earth sustain the needs of a living organism. 1 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1  What I Know Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Why is Earth called “the living planet?” A. It sustains life. B. It has atmosphere. C. It has water at the surface. D. All of the above 2. Which among the set of planets are called terrestrial? A. Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus B. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth C. Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter D. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune 3. What makes the planet Earth habitable compared to other planets? A. It has soil. B. It has trees. C. It has people. D. It has liquid water. 4. What makes planet Earth habitable? A. It has comfortable distance from the sun. B. It has atmosphere that protects from radiation. C. The atmosphere holds carbon dioxide and other gases. D. All of the above 5. Why is Earth called a terrestrial planet? A. It has life. B. It is closest to the sun. C. It is farther from the sun. D. It is placed at almost the middle planets. 6. Which of the following best describes the surface of the planet Earth? A. a thick layer of hydrogen gas B. cloudy and hot with lots of volcano C. cold, rocky, and covered with red dust D. mostly water surface with some areas of land 7. Earth is said to be a unique planet. Which answer verifies the statement? A. It supports life. B. It is mostly covered in water. C. Its atmosphere is mostly nitrogen and oxygen. D. All of the above 8. Which is supported and sustained by planet? A. life B. a moon C. a rocky core D. an atmosphere 2 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1 9. How many percent of water comprises the Earth? A. 15% B. 30% C. 50% D. 70% 10. Which factors are needed for organisms to live on Earth? A. temperature and nutrient B. atmosphere and energy C. only A D. both A and B 11. What characteristics does the Earth have to maintain an organism’s body to survive? A. Earth has a water cycle and atmosphere. B. Earth has volcanic activities to circulate nutrients. C. Earth has sub-surface water or molten rock that can circulate and replenish nutrients for organisms. D. All of the above 12. What makes Earth similar to Venus? A. Earth and Venus are the right sizes to hold a sufficient atmosphere. B. Venus’ atmosphere is 100 times thicker than Earth. C. Among all the solid planets and moons, only Earth, Venus, and Titan have significant atmospheres. D. Both A and C 13. Which statement about the Earth’s energy in sustaining life is incorrect? A. Earth survives in too little energy. B. Earth is in the right distance from the sun C. Earth is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere. D. Earth has magnetic field to protect from solar radiation. 14. Which distinct characteristic made Earth different from any other planet? A. It is the only rocky planet. B. It is the only planet that turns around in space. C. It is the only planet that has a large amount of liquid water. D. It is the only planet that changes its structure. 15. What does Earth offer to human in order to sustain life? A. Earth has abundant plant life. B. Earth has sufficient nutrients from ocean to land. C. Only A D. Both A and B. 3 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1  Lesson Origin and Structure of the 1 Earth- Planet Earth Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to harbour life. Our planet has a molten nickel-iron core which gave rise to an extensive magnetic field, which, along with the atmosphere, shields us from harmful radiation coming from the Sun. In this module, you will understand why this planet is called the “living planet.” What’s In Just a part of the vast universe is the solar system. From the previous concepts learned, identify the planets in the solar system in the given illustration. Question: What do you think are the characteristics of the planet Earth that make it different from all the other planets? 4 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1  What’s New Earth: A Habitable Planet Read the document carefully and answer the questions that follow Table 1. Factors that make a planet habitable Factors that make a Not Enough of the Too Much of the Situation in the Planet Just Right Factor Factor Solar System Habitable Temperature Low temperatures Life seems to be At about 125oC, Surface: only the influences how cause chemicals to limited to a protein and Earth’s surface is in quickly atoms react slowly, which temperature range carbohydrate this temperature and molecules interferes with the of -15oC to 115oC. molecules, and the range. Sub-surface: move. reactions necessary In this range, liquid genetic material the interior of the for life. It can also water can still exist (e.g., DNA and RNA) solid planets and cause the freezing of under certain start to break apart. moons may be in water, making liquid conditions. Also, high this temperature water unavailable. temperatures cause range. the quick evaporation of water. Atmosphere Small planets and Earth and Venus Venus’s atmosphere Of the solid planets moons have are the right size to is 100 times thicker and moons, only insufficient gravity to hold a sufficient than Earth’s. It is Earth, Venus, and hold an atmosphere. atmosphere. Earth’s made almost entirely Titan have The gas molecules atmosphere is about of greenhouse significant escape to space, 100 miles thick. It gasses, making the atmospheres. Mars’ leaving the planet or keeps the surface surface too hot for atmosphere is about moon without an warm and protects life. The four giant 1/100th that of insulating blanket or it from radiation planets are Earth’s, too small for a protective shield. and small- to completely made of significant insulation medium-sized gas. or shielding. meteorites. Energy When there is too With a steady input Light energy is a Surface: The inner little sunlight or too of either light or problem if it makes a planets get too much few of the chemicals chemical energy, planet too hot or if sunlight for life. The that provide energy to cells can run the there are too many outer planets get too cells, such as iron or chemical reactions harmful rays, such little. sulfur, organisms die. necessary for life. as ultraviolet. Too Sub-surface: Most many energy-rich solid planets and chemicals is not a moons have energy- problem rich chemicals. Nutrients used Without chemicals to All solid planets and Too many nutrients Surface: Earth has a to build and make proteins and moons have the are not a problem. water cycle, an maintain an carbohydrates, same general However, too active a atmosphere, and organism’s organisms cannot chemical makeup, circulation system, volcanoes to body. grow. Planets without so nutrients are such as the constant circulate nutrients. systems to deliver present. Those with volcanism on Venus, Titan, Io, and nutrients to its a water cycle or Jupiter’s moon, Io, Mars have nutrients organisms (e.g., a volcanic activity can or the churning and ways to water cycle or transport and atmospheres of the circulate them to volcanic activity) replenish the gas planets, organisms. cannot support life. chemicals required interferes with an Sub-surface: Any Also, when nutrients by living organisms. organism’s ability to planet or moon with are spread so thin get enough sub-surface water or that they are hard to nutrients. molten rock can obtain, such as on a circulate and gas planet, life cannot replenish nutrients exist. for organisms Factors that make a planet habitable. National Science Foundation, n,d.http://www.lpi.usara.edu/education/explore/our_place/hab_ref_table.pdf Questions: 1. What are the factors that make the planet habitable? 2. What are the characteristics of planet Earth that makes it habitable? 5 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1  What is It Earth is the only place in the known universe confirmed to host life and is the only one known for sure to have liquid water in the surface. These are reasons why planet Earth is a unique one: (1) It has liquid water; (2) surface or lithosphere which includes the crust and the upper mantle; and (3) It has atmosphere that shelters it from the worst of the sun’s rays. Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has a large amount of liquid water. About 70% of the surface of the Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water. Because of this, Earth is sometimes called “blue planet.” Planet Earth is habitable because it has the right distance from the sun. It is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere, and it has the right chemical ingredients for life including water and carbon. It can provide water, oxygen, useful biological products for human, and has suitable weather and climate. Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities: (1) They all are terrestrial planets, made of solid rocks and silicates; (2) They all have an atmosphere; (3) They all almost have the same time to rotate on their axes; (4) Earth and Mars both have water; (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and (6 All have landforms. Earth, Venus, and Mars have differences: (1) Venus has no water; (2) Venus and Mars don’t have oxygen; and (3) Earth has life forms. What’s More Activity 1.1 Understanding Planet Earth Compare and Contrast How is planet Earth similar and different from Venus and Mars? Provide possible explanations for your observations using the information in the table. VENUS EARTH MARS Mass (1024kg) 4.87 5.97 0.642 Diameter (km) 12,104 12,756 6792 Density (kg/m3) 5243 5514 3933 Gravity (m/s2) 8.9 9.8 3.7 Escape Velocity (km/s) 10.4 11.2 5 Surface pressure (bars) 92 1 0.01 Composition of atmosphere 96% CO2, 3.5% N 77%N, 21% O2, 1%Ar 95%CO2, 2.7%N, 1.6%Ar Major Greenhouse Gases(GHG) CO2 CO2 H2O CO2 Mean Temperature (0C) 464 15 -65 Temperature if no greenhouse gases -46 -18 -57 are present Changes in Temperature (0C) due to +523 +33 +10 greenhouse gases Distance from the Sun (106km) 108.2 149.6 227.9 Orbital Period (days) 224.7 365.2 687 Orbital Velocity (km/s) 35 29.8 24.1 Length of day (hours) 2802 24 24.7 Global Magnetic Field No Yes No Comparison of the features of Venus, Earth, and Mars (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2015) 6 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1  What I Have Learned 1. Planet Earth is considered habitable because of the following reasons: (1) it has the right distance from the sun; (2) it is protected from harmful solar radiation by its magnetic field; (3) it is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere; and (4) it has the right amount of ingredients for life, including water and carbon. 2. Earth is different from other planets in a way that it is the only planet with liquid water on the surface. a. Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities: (1) They all are terrestrial planets, made of solid rocks and silicates; (2) They all have an atmosphere; (3) They all almost have the same time to rotate on their axes; (4) Earth and Mars both have water; (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and (6) All have landforms. a. Earth, Venus, and Mars have differences: (1) Venus has no water; (2)Venus and Mars don’t have oxygen; and (3) Earth has life forms. What I Can Do “Terraforming Mars” Can man change or adjust Mars’ environment to make it more suitable for human habitation? How? List down your answer on the table. 1 2 3 4 5 7 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1  Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What makes planet Earth different from the other planets in the solar system? A. It supports life. B. It is mostly covered in water. C. The atmosphere holds gases. D. All of the above 2. Which statement does not describe planet Earth? A. It has 70% water B. It is rocky, terrestrial planet. C. It has solid and active surface D. It has atmosphere made of nitrogen alone. 3. What makes planet Earth a “house” for living organisms? A. It has comfortable distance from the sun. B. The atmosphere serves as shields from the sun. C. Only A D. Both A and B 4. Which is not true about Earth when compared to Mars? A. It has life mechanism. B. It has water and atmosphere. C. It has carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. D. It has atmosphere that supports oxygen. 5. What benefits dose the Earth’s atmosphere gives to endure life on Earth? I. The atmosphere nourishes life on Earth II.The atmosphere protects Earth from meteorites. III.The atmosphere gases blocks damaging ultraviolet light IV.The atmosphere reduce temperature extremes between day and night A. I onlyI B. I, II C. I, II, III D. I, II, III, IV 6. Planet Earth is considered as “blue planet.” Which of the following best describes the surface of planet Earth? A. Earth has atmosphere. B. Earth has lots of volcano. C. Earth is covered with red dust. D. Earth has mostly water on the surface. 7. For many, Earth is different from other planets. Why do you think so? A. Earth is mostly covered in water. B. Earth has comfortable distance from the sun. C. Earth has carbon dioxide on its atmosphere. D. It has approximately same size as that of Venus. 8 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1 8. Which statements best define planet Earth? A. It has gases. B. It supports life. C. It has rocky core. D. It supports other planet. 9. It was found out that Earth’s surface is covered with water. Approximately, how many percent of water comprises the Earth? A. 45% water B. 50% water C. 60% water D. 70% water 10. Earth can support the survival of organisms. What is/are the factor/s that make/s Earth habitable? I. atmosphere III. temperature II. energy IV. nutrient A. I B. I, II C. I, II, III D. I, II, III, IV 11. In order for an organism to survive, nutrients are needed. What are the nutrients that planet Earth can offer for an organism to exist? A. Earth has an atmosphere and ozone layer. B. Earth has both water cycle and nitrogen cycle. C. Earth has natural activities to circulate nutrients. D. All of the above 12. Many studies have shown similarities of Earth and Venus. What makes Earth similar with Venus? A. Earth and Venus have the same orbit. B. Earth and Venus have the same diameter. C. Earth and Venus have the same atmosphere. D. Earth and Venus are of the right size to hold a sufficient atmosphere. 13. What makes human and other living organisms capable to live on Earth? A. Earth can provide food for the organism. B. Earth can protect the organism from any possible threat. C. Earth’s temperature is mostly hot compared to other planets. D. Earth has the right amount of temperature, water, good atmosphere, and favorable climate. 14. Planet Earth is considered uniquely different from any other planets in the Solar system. Which among the given choices correctly answers the statement? A. Earth is the only planet that changes structure. B. Earth is the only planet that turns around in space. C. Earth is the only planet that is mostly covered with water. D. Earth is the only planet that is mostly made from rocks. 9 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1  15. What is the reason why every living thing on Earth has the chance of survival? A. Earth is covered with 65% water. B. Earth thick atmosphere consisted mainly of carbon dioxide. C. Earth has active volcanoes similar with those that are found in Venus. D. Earth has ozone layer to protect living organisms from harmful radiation. Additional Activities Creating a Planet: Fill up the data needed in your created planet. My Planet is called _____________________. It is located in the ___________________. The weather is _____________________It would have __________ kinds of organisms. The individual who live there are called _________________________. The individual look like this. The planet looks like this. 10 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1  Module 1 CO_Q1_ELS SHS 11 What I Know What's More Assessment 1. D 1. D 2. B Venus has very thick 2. D 3. D atmosphere which is 3. D 4. D almost dense as 4. B 5. B Earth, while Mars has 5. D 6. D thin atmosphere. 6. D 7. D 7. A 8. A Venus is hotter than 8. B 9. D Earth. Mars is colder 9. D 10.D than Earth. 10.D 11.D 11.D 12.D 12.D 13.A 13.D 14.A 14.C 15.D 15.D Answer Key References Astronomy, accessed May 29,2020, https://www.astronomy.com:solarsys Comparison and Contrast of the Earth, Venus ,and Mars, Prezi, accessed May 31, 2020, https://prezi.com/fdx8b8igze26/comparison-and-contrast-of-the- earth-venus-and-mars? Earth: Our Living Planet, NASA Science, accessed May 30, 2020, https://solarsysytem.nasa.gov Lunar and Planetary Institute, accessed May 29,2020, https://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/explore/our_place_/hab_ref_table.pgf? fbclid=IwAR0PF_PjxWEDwp5hASOZaZY18EG9RKlzgDOeaIb4Xwjey4h2tqJkc ecH5CE What Are the Similarities of Venus, Earth, and Mars?,Quora, accessed May 30, 2020, https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-similarities-of-Venus-Earth- and-Mars? Why Is the Earth Habitable?,American Museum of Natural History, accessed May 26, 2020, https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/planet- earth/why-is-the-earth-habitable? 12 CO_Q1_ELS SHS Module 1 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]