Grade 11 Earth and Life Science Module PDF

MARY JOSETTE ACADEMY, INC. Tigbe, Norzagaray, Bulacan [email protected] NAME: GRADE AND STRAND: GRADE: 11 SEMESTER: FIRST SEMESTER SUBJECT TITLE: EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE NO. OF HOURS/SEM: 80 hours/semes...

MARY JOSETTE ACADEMY, INC. Tigbe, Norzagaray, Bulacan [email protected] NAME: GRADE AND STRAND: GRADE: 11 SEMESTER: FIRST SEMESTER SUBJECT TITLE: EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE NO. OF HOURS/SEM: 80 hours/semester EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Prepared by: LESLIE S. MERMELO NOTE: Only the Activities, and Quiz in each learning Kit shall be returned/ submitted during the drop-off of the answered modules. 1|Page Quarter 1 –Module 1 Origin and Structure of the Earth Learning Competencies  state the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe and solar system,  describe the characteristics of Earth that are necessary to support life,  explain the current advancement s and information on the solar system; and  identify the four subsystems of the Earth and the layers of the Earth 1.1 Origin of the Universe Scientific evidence points to an origin sometime between 10 and 20 billion years ago. The Big Bang theory is universally accepted by those who do research on the development of the universe, galaxies, and stars as the cause of the origin of the universe. The Big Bang theory says that the universe has developed by expanding from a hot dense state with everything exploding away from everything else. What caused this explosion is not part of the Big Bang theory. It must be regarded as unknown at this time, although there are many ideas about the cause. 1.2 Origin of the Solar System The solar system is composed is composed of the:  Sun  Eight planets and their natural  Dwarf planets satellites  Asteroids and comets Encounter Hypothesis: One of the earliest theories for the formation of the planets was called the encounter hypothesis. In this scenario, a rogue star passes close to the Sun about 5 billion years ago. Material, in the form of hot gas, is tidally stripped from the Sun and the rogue star. This material fragments into smaller lumps which form the planets. This hypothesis has the advantage of explaining why the planets all revolve in the same direction (from the encounter geometry) and also provides an explanation for why the inner worlds are denser than the outer worlds. However, there are two major problems for a theory of this type. One is that hot gas expands, not contracts. So lumps of hot gas would not form planets. The second is that encounters between stars 2|Page are extremely rare, so rare as to be improbable in the lifetime of the Universe (15 billion years). Nebular Hypothesis: A second theory is called the nebular hypothesis. In this theory, the whole Solar System starts as a large cloud of gas that contracts under self-gravity. Conservation of angular momentum requires that a rotating disk form with a large concentration at the center (the proto-Sun). Within the disk, planets form. The flaw in this theory is the mechanism from which the disk turns into individual planets. 2.0 Characteristics of Earth There are many factors which make Earth suitable for life are discussed below: 1. Distance of the Earth from the Sun The Earth and the Sun are equally important because without the Sun's heat and light, the Earth would be a lifeless ball of ice-coated rocks. It regulates the temperature of water bodies, weather patterns and provides energy to the growth of plants. 2. Importance of light on the Earth Earth is the only planet that uses the Sun’s light as useful as a source of energy. That energy is used to convert elements, by living things, into a useable form. 3. Importance of Earth’s Atmosphere 4. Favourable Climatic Condition The Earth has a suitable climate for the existence of all forms of life because of moderate amount of carbon dioxide, which is the driving factor for the survival of life forms. 5. Water 3.0 The Current Advancements and Information on the Solar System The Perseverance rover took its first image of the dusty Martian surface mere moments after touching down on February 18, 2021. NASA TV It’s wheels down for the newest robot to inhabit Mars. Just before 4 p.m. eastern time, the hulking, multibillion-dollar NASA rover Perseverance landed safely on the red planet after a 300-million- mile journey and a nerve-racking plunge to the Martian surface. 3|Page Meet ‘Pi’ — a new Earth-sized planet Researchers have discovered a new Earth-sized planet. It’s orbiting a dim red star some 185 light-years away. The planet’s official name is K2-315b. But its nickname is “Pi Earth.” The reason: It orbits its star every 3.14 days. A worldwide team of scientists also released the first photo ever taken of a black hole The unprecedented photo, published in April, shows the supermassive black hole at the center of the Messier 87 galaxy, which is about 54 million light-years away from Earth. The black hole's mass is equivalent to 6.5 billion suns. Scientists struggled for decades to capture a black hole on camera, since black holes distort space-time, ensuring that nothing can break free of their gravitational pull — even light. That's why the image shows a shadow in the form of a perfect circle at the center. 4.0 Earth 4 Subsystem and the Layers of the Earth 4 subsystem Lithosphere,biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Lithosphere: The rigid outer part of Earth, consists of the surface, the crust and the upper mantle. Biosphere: The regions that contain life Hydrosphere: Region that contains water, can be in the form of solid(Antarctica), liquid(oceans), and gas(the atmosphere). Atmosphere: Sphere that contains all the air of Earth, extends from below sea level to 10,000 km, the atmosphere is further divided into several other sub-spheres. Layers of the Earth Crust – is describes the outermost shell of a terrestrial planet. Mantle - is the mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior. The mantle lies between Earth's dense, super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust. Outer core - is a fluid layer about 2,400 km (1,500 mi) thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Inner core - is the innermost geologic layer of the planet Earth. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 km. 4|Page NAME: GRADE AND STRAND: SUBJECT TITLE: EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE Activity 1.1 10 points Watch the video from the link below and make a reflection about the celestial bodies on the universe. https://youtu.be/i93Z7zljQ7I ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Activity 1.2 List down 3 new discoveries and information on the solar system aside from what we discussed form 2019-2021. 1. 2. 3. Activity 1.3 Describe the uniqueness of the Earth (brief description) 5pts. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 5|Page