Earth and Life Science: Origin and Structure of Earth
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Questions and Answers

What makes planet Earth different from the other planets in the solar system?

  • It supports life.
  • It is mostly covered in water.
  • The atmosphere holds gases.
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which statement does not describe planet Earth?

  • It has 70% water
  • It has solid and active surface.
  • It is a rocky, terrestrial planet.
  • It has an atmosphere made of nitrogen alone. (correct)

    • What makes planet Earth a 'house' for living organisms?

  • Both A and B (correct)
  • The atmosphere serves as shields from the sun.
  • Only A
  • It has comfortable distance from the sun.

    • Which is not true about Earth when compared to Mars?

    <p>It has carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefits does the Earth’s atmosphere give to endure life on Earth?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Planet Earth is considered as 'blue planet.' Which of the following best describes the surface of planet Earth?

    <p>Earth has mostly water on the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately, how many percent of water comprises the Earth?

    <p>70% water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the factors that make Earth habitable?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes human and other living organisms capable to live on Earth?

    <p>Earth has the right amount of temperature, water, good atmosphere, and favorable climate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Earth uniquely different from any other planet in the Solar system?

    <p>Earth is the only planet that is mostly covered with water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why every living thing on Earth has the chance of survival?

    <p>Earth has ozone layer to protect living organisms from harmful radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Planet Earth has a mean temperature of _____ degrees Celsius.

    <p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The distance from the Sun to Earth is approximately _____ million kilometers.

    <p>149.6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major greenhouse gases present on Earth?

    <p>CO2, H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which planet is known as the 'red planet'?

    <p>Mars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following planets with their key features:

    <p>Earth = Only terrestrial planet with liquid water. Venus = Extremely high surface pressure. Mars = Known for its thin atmosphere and cold temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Earth called 'the living planet'?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which among the set of planets are called terrestrial?

    <p>Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes the planet Earth habitable compared to other planets?

    <p>It has liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes planet Earth habitable?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Earth called a terrestrial planet?

    <p>It has life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the surface of the planet Earth?

    <p>Mostly water surface with some areas of land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Earth is said to be a unique planet. Which answer verifies the statement?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is supported and sustained by the planet?

    <p>Life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many percent of water comprises the Earth?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors are needed for organisms to live on Earth?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristics does the Earth have to maintain an organism’s body to survive?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Earth similar to Venus?

    <p>Both A and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the Earth’s energy in sustaining life is incorrect?

    <p>Earth survives in too little energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which distinct characteristic made Earth different from any other planet?

    <p>It is the only planet that has a large amount of liquid water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Earth offer to humans in order to sustain life?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to the Module

    • Self-Learning Module (SLM) promotes home-based education on Earth's nature.
    • Focuses on characteristics supporting life, emphasizing the "living planet" concept.

    Key Characteristics of Earth

    • Earth is the only planet confirmed to support life.
    • It has a molten nickel-iron core which generates a protective magnetic field.
    • The atmosphere shields the planet from harmful solar radiation.

    Factors Contributing to Habitability

    • Liquid water is essential; Earth is covered by approximately 70% water.
    • Earth is located in the habitable zone, maintaining a comfortable distance from the sun.
    • Atmospheric composition includes nitrogen and oxygen, crucial for life.

    Unique Features of Earth

    • Known as the "blue planet" due to extensive water coverage.
    • The lithosphere consists of crust and upper mantle, providing essential minerals.
    • Supports diverse ecosystems and weather patterns favorable for life.

    Comparison with Other Terrestrial Planets

    • Similarities with Venus and Mars:
      • All three are terrestrial, composed of solid rocks and silicates.
      • Similar rotation periods on their axes.
      • Presence of carbon dioxide and various landforms.
    • Differences:
      • Venus lacks liquid water and has an extremely dense atmosphere.
      • Mars has minimal oxygen and limited water resources.
      • Earth uniquely supports diverse life forms.

    Importance of Key Factors

    • Temperature control allows liquid water's existence, critical for biochemical reactions.
    • Sufficient atmospheric pressure prevents the escape of water vapor to space.
    • Adequate energy input supports life while managing harmful solar radiation.

    Earth’s Nutrient Cycles

    • The water cycle and volcanic activity are crucial for nutrient transportation and replenishment.
    • Unique geophysical features support life by delivering essential chemicals.

    Summary of Conditions for Life

    • Earth’s conditions include:
      • Just-right temperatures (-15°C to 115°C) allow for liquid water.
      • A balanced atmosphere provides insulation and protects against radiation.
      • Energy resources (light and chemical) are correctly maintained to support life processes.

    Conclusion on Earth’s Uniqueness

    • Earth’s distinct characteristics enable it to be the only known habitat for life.
    • Continuous study and understanding of these elements are vital for appreciating its uniqueness in the solar system.### Planetary Comparison: Venus, Earth, Mars
    • Venus has a mass of 4.87 x 10^24 kg, while Earth has 5.97 x 10^24 kg, and Mars has 0.642 x 10^24 kg.
    • Earth's diameter is 12,756 km, Venus's is 12,104 km, and Mars's diameter is 6,792 km.
    • Density is highest in Earth (5514 kg/m³), followed by Venus (5243 kg/m³) and then Mars (3933 kg/m³).
    • Surface gravity is strongest on Earth (9.8 m/s²), followed by Venus (8.9 m/s²), and weakest on Mars (3.7 m/s²).
    • Escape velocities: Venus at 10.4 km/s, Earth at 11.2 km/s, and Mars at 5 km/s.
    • Atmospheric pressure is vastly higher on Venus (92 bars) compared to Earth (1 bar) and Mars (0.01 bar).
    • Venus's atmosphere consists of 96% CO2 and 3.5% N, Earth's of 77% N, 21% O2, and 1% Ar, and Mars's is 95% CO2, with smaller amounts of N and Ar.
    • Major greenhouse gas is CO2 for Venus, Earth, and Mars, with Earth's atmosphere also containing H2O.
    • Mean temperatures: Venus has a scorching 464°C, Earth has a mild 15°C, and Mars is frigid at -65°C.
    • If greenhouse gases were absent, temperatures would drastically decrease to -46°C on Venus, -18°C on Earth, and -57°C on Mars.
    • Temperature increases due to greenhouse gases show a significant rise of +523°C on Venus, +33°C on Earth, and +10°C on Mars.
    • Distances from the Sun: Venus at 108.2 million km, Earth at 149.6 million km, and Mars at 227.9 million km.
    • Orbital periods are 224.7 days for Venus, 365.2 days for Earth, and 687 days for Mars.
    • Orbital velocities: Venus travels at 35 km/s, Earth at 29.8 km/s, and Mars at 24.1 km/s.
    • Length of day: 2802 hours on Venus, 24 hours on Earth, and 24.7 hours on Mars.
    • Earth possesses a global magnetic field, while Venus and Mars do not.

    Habitability of Earth

    • Earth is habitable due to its optimal distance from the Sun, magnetic field protection against solar radiation, and insulating atmosphere.
    • Liquid water is present on Earth's surface, a key differentiator from Venus and Mars.
    • Earth, Venus, and Mars share characteristics: terrestrial structure, atmosphere presence, similar rotation times, water presence (for Earth and Mars), and landforms.
    • Key differences: Venus lacks water, both Venus and Mars have no oxygen, and Earth supports life.

    Terraforming Mars

    • Discusses the potential to adjust Mars' environment to support human life.
    • Emphasizes exploration of strategies for creating a habitable atmosphere on Mars.

    Challenges and Trivia Questions

    • Quiz questions focus on Earth's unique life-supporting properties, including water composition (approximately 70%) and the various protective functions of the atmosphere.
    • Questions also highlight the commonalities and distinctions among Earth, Venus, and Mars in terms of composition, temperature, and ability to support life.

    Additional Activities

    • Students are encouraged to use creativity to conceptualize their own planets, considering aspects like location, weather, and potential life forms.

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    Description

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