Medical MCQ Practice Questions PDF

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of these WBCs release histamine and heparin and promote inflammation? A) Eosinophils B) Neutrophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes A bacterial infection has been present in a patient for about 2 weeks if the WB...

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of these WBCs release histamine and heparin and promote inflammation? A) Eosinophils B) Neutrophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes A bacterial infection has been present in a patient for about 2 weeks if the WBC differential shows _________. A) elevated eosinophils B) elevated monocytes C) elevated neutrophils D) decreased basophils E) decreased neutrophils Which of the following would the medical provider expect a patient with AIDS to have? A) Decreased granulocytes B) Decreased monocytes C) Increased erythrocytes D) Decreased lymphocytes E) Decreased erythrocytes Some WBCs leave the blood vessels by a mechanism called ____. A) osmosis B) diffusion C) diapedesis D) osmotic pressure E) filtration Blood platelets are essential for ____. A) carrying oxygen B) maintaining blood volume C) clotting D) maintaining blood pressure E) reducing inflammation When blood coagulates on a vessel wall in the absence of a known injury, it is correctly referred to as ____. A) an embolus B) hemostasis C) a clot D) a thrombus E) agglutination Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 When a part of a thrombus breaks off, it is referred to as ____. A) an embolus B) hemostasis C) a clot D) a thrombus E) agglutination An embolus is dangerous because it can eventually become lodged in a small artery in the ____. A) liver B) lungs C) intestines D) stomach E) kidneys Which of the following occurs when mismatched blood is given to a patient? A) The patient will die. B) The blood received will be destroyed. C) The blood will turn yellow. D) The blood will fail to circulate properly. E) No major problem will result. People with which blood type are universal donors? A) Rh-positive B) Rh-negative C) B D) AB E) O People with which blood type can receive only one type of blood? A) A B) B C) AB D) O E) Rh-positive A woman of childbearing age should know her Rh type because if she is Rh-negative and conceives a child that is Rh-positive, ____. A) her first pregnancy could prove fatal to her B) her first infant will have erythroblastosis fetalis C) her second baby will have erythroblastosis fetalis D) she will need blood transfusions after delivery E) her second pregnancy could prove fatal to her Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Globulins are plasma proteins that ____. A) pull water into the blood B) transport lipids and some vitamins C) aid in blood clotting D) maintain the blood pressure E) help control bleeding Fibrinogen is a plasma protein that ____. A) pulls water into the blood B) transports lipids C) aids in blood clotting D) transports some vitamins E) maintains the blood pressure When a blood vessel is broken, what is the body's first response? A) Platelet plug formation B) Vasodilation C) Smooth muscle contraction D) Blood coagulation E) Blood clot formation Jose, an 11-year-old child, was involved in a serious automobile accident and has lost a lot of blood. The emergency physician tells his mother that he will need a blood transfusion. The mother becomes frantic, saying that Jose has a "rare" blood type, AB, and she doesn't know if they will be able to match it. What would be the physician's best response to Jose's mother? A) "That is a rare type, but we can probably match it." B) "Most people with type AB blood can receive blood from any blood type." C) "If necessary, we will have blood brought in from another hospital." D) "Type AB is the most common type of blood." E) "People with type AB blood are called universal donors." Tina is a 47-year-old patient who has recently begun experiencing dizziness and shortness of breath. She gets frequent headaches. After the initial exam, the physician orders several blood tests. The results of the tests indicate that Tina has polycythemia vera. Which of the following treatment courses would you expect the physician to pursue with Tina? A) Blood transfusions B) Bone marrow transplants C) Radiation therapy D) Stem cell transplant E) Therapeutic phlebotomy Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Beth is a 16-year-old patient whose mother has brought her to the office because Beth is always complaining of being tired. Beth tells you that she has frequent headaches, and her feet are always cold. Her blood pressure is 100/64, and her heart rate is 84. When you ask if her menstrual periods are normal, she says she bleeds heavily for 7 or 8 days each month. Which of the following conditions might you suspect? A) Polycythemia vera B) Iron-deficient anemia C) Thalassemia D) Leukemia E) Sickle-cell anemia The formation of a blood clot is called ____. A) agglutination B) hemostasis C) coagulation D) diapedesis E) hemolysis Blood clots are formed from ____, which sticks to the damaged area of the blood vessel, creating a mesh that entraps blood cells and platelets. A) fibrin B) albumin C) globulin D) serum E) urea If an embolus lodges in a coronary artery, it may cause ____. A) a stroke B) pulmonary embolism C) high blood pressure D) pericarditis E) myocardial infarction The most likely result of agglutination following a blood transfusion is ____. A) cerebrovascular accident B) severe anemia C) pulmonary embolism D) myocardial infarction E) polycythemia vera Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Harold has A-positive blood. He is receiving a series of blood transfusions to treat anemia caused by AIDS. The local blood bank is running low on type A blood. If necessary, which other blood type can Harold receive? A) A-negative B) B-positive C) AB-positive D) AB-negative E) O-positive Which of the following individuals is most at risk for erythroblastosis fetalis? A) An Rh-positive mother B) An Rh-negative mother C) An Rh-negative father D) The first Rh-negative fetus born to an Rh-positive mother E) The second Rh-positive fetus born to an Rh-negative mother If a fetus develops erythroblastosis fetalis, what medical intervention is often required at birth? A) Multiple blood transfusions B) Supplemental oxygen C) Intravenous antibiotics D) UV light therapy E) RhoGAM injections The most common cause of anemia is ____. A) vitamin deficiency B) kidney failure C) AIDS D) iron deficiency E) chronic illness Which of the following populations is most affected by sickle cell anemia? A) Caucasians B) Asians C) African Americans D) Latino Americans E) Native Americans Which of the following is a sign or symptom of sickle cell anemia? A) Reddened skin B) Headache C) Nausea D) Delayed growth E) Enlarged spleen Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 About how much blood does the average adult body contain? A) 1 to 2 liters B) 2 to 4 liters C) 4 to 6 liters D) 6 to 8 liters E) 8 to 10 liters Which of the following is considered a normal WBC count? A) 2,600 cells B) 3,800 cells C) 6,700 cells D) 11,200 cells E) 12,300 cells Which of the following patients is most likely to have thalassemia? A) A patient of Mediterranean descent B) A native American C) A Latino American D) A Caucasian male E) A Caucasian female The clumping of red blood cells following a blood transfusion is ________. Monocytes and lymphocytes do not have granules in their cytoplasm and are two types of ________. When there are not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood to carry an adequate amount of oxygen to the body's cells, the person has the condition called ________. The white blood cells called ________ release substances such as histamine, which promotes inflammation, and heparin, which is an anticoagulant. The liver uses an orange pigment called _______ to make bile needed for the digestion of fats. When a red blood cell is destroyed, a pigment is released from that cell called _______. Hemoglobin that is not carrying oxygen is called deoxyhemoglobin, and because it may now carry carbon dioxide, it is also called ________. There are different types of lipoproteins found in blood. They include very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and ____________. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 When a blood clot replaces the platelet plug at the site of a blood vessel injury, the process is called blood ________. The granules in the cytoplasm of granulocytes include neutrophils, ________, and basophils. Blood plasma proteins called ________ are used to transport lipids and some fat-soluble vitamins. White blood cells (WBCs), which are also called leukocytes, are divided into two categories: ________ and agranulocytes. Most blood cells are produced in red bone marrow by cells called ________. In ________ anemia, red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made. A condition in which the bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal white blood cells is ________. White blood cells (WBCs) are also called ________. If a patient has a white blood cell count above 10,000 cells per cubic millimeter of blood, the patient has ________ and probably has a bacterial infection. A white blood cell count that is below normal is called ________. Because lipids are not water-soluble and because plasma is mostly water, lipids must combine with molecules called ________ to be transported. The white blood cells that provide immunity for the body are the ________. Platelets come from cells called ________, which are found in red bone marrow. Hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen is called ________ and is bright red in color. The ________ antigen is a protein first discovered on red blood cells of the Rhesus monkey. It is important for women to know if they are positive or negative for this protein. Erythroblastosis fetalis is prevented by giving an Rh-negative woman the drug ________, which prevents an Rh-negative mother from making antibodies against the Rh antigen. The fluid that is left when all clotting factors are removed from plasma is called ________. An inherited form of anemia in which a defective hemoglobin chain causes microcytic, hypochromic, short-lived red blood cells is ________. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Platelets that are important in the blood-clotting process are also called ________. The second Rh-positive child born to an Rh-negative mother may develop a condition called ________ if the mother is not given the drug RhoGAM to prevent her from making antibodies against the Rh antigen. Another name for red blood cells (RBCs) is ________. The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood is called the ________. Approximately 55% of the blood in a healthy person is made up of ________. The inability to absorb vitamin B12 is called ________ anemia. Bloodletting for the purpose of reducing the thickness of a person's blood is known as ________ phlebotomy. Which abbreviation is used for the term hemoglobin? A) RBC B) Hct C) Hgb D) CBC E) WBC Which of the following is the smallest of the plasma proteins that pull water into the bloodstream to help maintain blood pressure? A) Fibrinogen B) Albumins C) Globulins D) Platelets E) Thrombocytes Mature RBCs contain a pigment called ________. There are three major types of proteins in plasma: globulins, fibrinogens, and _____________. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of the following is considered a physical reaction to a stressor? A) Decreased blood sugar B) Decreased blood pressure C) Increased heart rate D) Increased urinary output E) Decreased breathing rate Prolonged stress inhibits the body's immune responses by ____. A) using up all body reserves B) increasing the release of cortisol C) causing sodium and water retention D) causing weight loss E) increasing protein synthesis Which of these assessments would help to identify an endocrine problem in a child? A) Tracking the child's development on a standard growth chart B) Vision testing as early as possible C) Evaluating the child's balance and gait as soon as he or she begins to walk D) Evaluating the child's joint mobility E) Evaluating the child's speech patterns Chessie will have surgery next week to have her pituitary gland removed. She asks what effects this might have on her overall health. Which of the following conditions could she experience after this type of surgery? A) Hyperthyroidism B) Hyperadrenalism C) Hypothyroidism D) Disturbed circadian rhythms E) Diabetes Which of the following hormone categories requires G-protein to activate enzymes inside a cell? A) Steroidal B) Nonsteroidal C) Prostaglandins D) Gonadal E) Adrenal Which type of hormone can cross a cell membrane easily? A) Steroidal B) Nonsteroidal C) Prostaglandins D) Gonadal E) Adrenal Which hormones are made of amino acids and do not cross cell membranes easily? A) Steroidal B) Nonsteroidal C) Prostaglandins D) Gonadal Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 E) Adrenal Which of the following local hormones that typically are produced close to their target cells are produced by many body organs? A) Steroidal B) Nonsteroidal C) Prostaglandins D) Gonadal E) Adrenal The ____ hormones turn genes on or off in the nucleus. A) Steroidal B) Nonsteroidal C) Prostaglandins D) Gonadal E) Adrenal Which gland or organ secretes epinephrine and aldosterone? A) Thyroid B) Parathyroid C) Adrenal D) Pancreas E) Thymus The ____ gland secretes the hormone calcitonin. A) thyroid B) parathyroid C) adrenal D) pancreas E) thymus Which gland or organ secretes growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone? A) Anterior pituitary B) Parathyroid C) Posterior pituitary D) Adrenal E) Thymus Which gland or organ has cells that release glucagon? A) Thyroid B) Parathyroid C) Adrenal D) Pancreas E) Hypothalamus Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])