Heart Anatomy Practice Questions PDF

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 The purpose of the four valves of the heart is to ____. A) control the rate of blood flow B) ensure one-way blood flow C) keep the blood in the correct chamber D) maintain blood pressure E) generate rhythmic contractions Bod...

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 The purpose of the four valves of the heart is to ____. A) control the rate of blood flow B) ensure one-way blood flow C) keep the blood in the correct chamber D) maintain blood pressure E) generate rhythmic contractions Body cells surrounding capillaries usually have a ____. A) high oxygen concentration B) low oxygen concentration C) low carbon dioxide concentration D) high nutrient concentration E) low concentration of waste products Water is forced through capillary walls by ____. A) different concentrations of substances B) low pressure of the blood C) filtration D) osmosis E) diffusion In the clinical setting, blood pressure refers to _______. A) lymphatic pressure B) arterial pressure C) osmotic pressure D) venous pressure E) intracardiac pressure Blood pressure is greatest in the arteries ____. A) when the heart is between contraction and relaxation B) when the atria contract C) when the Purkinje fibers are stimulated D) when the SA node fires E) when the ventricles contract What causes a myocardial infarction? A) Damaged heart valves B) Weakened heart muscle C) Obstruction of blood flow to the heart muscle D) A serious dysrhythmia E) A defective SA node The ____ lies on top of the visceral pericardium. A) fibrous pericardium B) parietal pericardium C) myocardium D) endocardium E) epicardium Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of following is a membrane that covers the heart? A) Pericardium B) Myocardium C) Epicardium D) Endocardium E) Pericardial cavity The outermost layer of the heart wall, which contains fat that helps cushion the heart, is known as the _________. A) myocardium B) visceral pericardium C) parietal pericardium D) endocardium E) epicardium Which of the following is the thickest layer of the heart, which is made up of muscle? A) Epicardium B) Myocardium C) Endocardium D) Pericardium E) Pericardial cavity Which layer of the heart is the outermost layer, which contains fat to cushion the heart? A) Epicardium B) Myocardium C) Endocardium D) Pericardium E) Pericardial cavity Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart, which is thin and smooth? A) Epicardium B) Myocardium C) Endocardium D) Pericardium E) Pericardial cavity Which of these layers of the heart wall contains Purkinje fibers? A) Epicardium B) Myocardium C) Endocardium D) Pericardium E) Pericardial cavity Which valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle? A) Tricuspid B) Bicuspid C) Pulmonary semilunar D) Aortic semilunar E) Right atrioventricular Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 What is the name of the valve that is also known as the mitral valve? A) Tricuspid B) Bicuspid C) Pulmonary semilunar D) Aortic semilunar E) Right atrioventricular The ____ valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk. A) tricuspid B) bicuspid C) pulmonary semilunar D) aortic semilunar E) right atrioventricular The ____ valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. A) tricuspid B) bicuspid C) pulmonary semilunar D) aortic semilunar E) left atrioventricular Which of the following valves prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle? A) Tricuspid B) Bicuspid C) Pulmonary semilunar D) Aortic semilunar E) Left atrioventricular Which component of the cardiac conduction system is located between the ventricles and splits into left and right branches? A) SA node B) AV node C) Bundle of His D) Purkinje fibers E) Bundle branches Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the wall of the right atrium? A) SA node B) AV node C) Bundle of His D) Purkinje fibers E) Bundle branches Which part of the cardiac conduction system is known as the pacemaker of the heart? A) SA node B) AV node C) Bundle of His D) Purkinje fibers E) Bundle branches Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the walls of the ventricles and cause the ventricles to contract? A) SA node B) AV node C) Bundle of His D) Purkinje fibers E) Bundle branches Which part of the cardiac conduction system receives the impulse from the SA node? A) SA node B) AV node C) Bundle of His D) Purkinje fibers E) Bundle branches The bundle of His splits into left and right bundle branches that carry an electrical impulse to the ____. A) SA node B) AV node C) AV bundle D) Purkinje fibers E) mitral valve Which of the following causes dysrhythmia when elevated? A) Exercise B) Body temperature C) Potassium ions D) Calcium ions E) Phosphate ions Which of the following can cause longer-than-normal heart contractions? A) Strenuous exercise B) Elevated body temperature C) High concentration of potassium ions D) High concentration of calcium ions E) Elevated heart rate Which of the following does not cause an increase in the heart rate? A) Strenuous exercise B) Elevated body temperature C) Parasympathetic nerve stimulation D) Sympathetic nerve stimulation E) Low concentration of potassium ions Which of the following decreases the heart rate? A) Strenuous exercise B) Elevated body temperature C) Parasympathetic nerve stimulation D) Sympathetic nerve stimulation E) Low concentration of potassium ions Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 The cardiac control center responds to ____. A) changes in blood pressure B) increase in potassium ion concentration C) strenuous exercise D) increase in calcium ion concentration E) Increase in body temperature The ____ have walls that are one cell thick. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) venules E) capillaries Venules and arterioles are connected by ____. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) venules E) capillaries Which of the following are the strongest blood vessels that function to carry blood away from the heart? A) Arterioles B) Arteries C) Veins D) Venules E) Capillaries The ____ are small vessels that carry oxygenated blood. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) venules E) capillaries The ____ are small vessels that carry deoxygenated blood. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) venules E) capillaries Which of the following results in an increased blood pressure? A) Increased cardiac output B) Loss of blood C) Vasodilation D) Dehydration E) Shock Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of the following does not decrease the blood pressure? A) Loss of blood B) Vasoconstriction C) Vasodilation D) Dehydration E) Decreased cardiac output Which of the following veins drains the intestines? A) Mesenteric B) Renal C) Brachial D) Iliac E) Intercostal Which artery supplies blood to the thigh? A) Left carotid B) Right subclavian C) Celiac D) Phrenic E) Femoral The blood supply for the teeth comes from the ____ artery. A) mesenteric B) axillary C) lumbar D) lingual E) maxillary Which arteries supply blood to the rib area? A) Intercostals B) External iliacs C) Axillaries D) Popliteals E) Occipitals The ____ arteries supply blood to the forearm and hand. A) brachial and popliteal B) ulnar and radial C) common iliac and external iliac D) femoral and tibial E) maxillary and lingual The ____ vein is the major vein in the legs. A) azygos B) intercostal C) saphenous D) jugular E) brachiocephalic Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Gluteal areas are served by the ____ veins. A) azygos B) intercostal C) saphenous D) iliac E) popliteal The ____ vein takes blood to the liver from the intestines. A) saphenous B) iliac C) mesenteric D) axillary E) gastric Blood leaves the armpits through the ____ veins. A) saphenous B) iliac C) mesenteric D) axillary E) brachial The ____ vein removes blood from the thorax and abdomen. A) azygos B) intercostal C) saphenous D) iliac E) axillary Which of the following causes of chest pain is heart-related? A) Pleurisy B) Heartburn C) Angina D) Inflammation of the pancreas E) Costochondritis Which of the following causes chest pain only when someone pushes on the chest? A) Heartburn B) Costochondritis C) Pulmonary embolism D) Sore muscles E) Pleurisy Mr. Jackson is being seen because of severe chest pain. He says the pain is sharp and severe and gets worse when he coughs or breathes in. Based on these symptoms, you might suspect that he has A) heartburn. B) costochondritis. C) a pulmonary embolism. D) sore muscles. E) myocardial infarction. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Chest pain caused by ____ generally occurs only during body movements. A) heartburn B) costochondritis C) pulmonary embolism D) sore muscles E) panic attacks If chest pain follows a meal and increases when the patient bends over, it is generally due to ____. A) heartburn B) costochondritis C) pulmonary embolism D) sore muscles E) pleurisy Karyn has been having episodes of tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) associated with her congestive heart failure. Karyn does not want to add "yet another" medication to those she is already taking. Which of the following options might help Karyn control her rapid heartbeat without medication? A) Maze procedure B) Vagal maneuvers C) Increased exercise D) Increased caffeine intake E) Electrical shock Mr. Johnson is an overweight patient with a history of myocardial infarction four years ago. He is in the office today complaining that he just doesn't feel well. He is experiencing nausea, shortness of breath, and a little dizziness. His feet and ankles seem swollen and his neck veins are prominent. For which of the following conditions might the practitioner test given the patient's symptoms? A) Endocarditis B) Hypertension C) Mitral valve prolapse D) Congestive heart failure E) Acute myocardial infarction Mrs. Landon has been diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Her cholesterol level is high, and the physician advised her to get more exercise and follow a low-fat diet. At her follow-up appointment, however, the physician tests her cholesterol level and it is still unacceptably high. Which of the following medications might you expect the physician to prescribe to help lower her cholesterol? A) RhoGAM B) Lasix C) Lipitor D) Aspirin E) Ibuprofen A bulge or weak area in the wall of the aorta is called an aortic ________. A hardening of the fatty plaque deposits within the arteries is ________. The blood pressure is regulated partly by ________, which measure blood pressure and are located in the aorta and carotid arteries. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart is called ________. If an embolus blocks a cerebral artery, the result may be a(n) ________, or stroke. The cusps of the AV valve are anchored to cardiac muscle by cord-like structures called ________ _________. When the ventricles relax, blood pressure in arteries is at its lowest. This pressure is called the ________ pressure. Fluid retention can cause swelling, or ________, in the legs or feet. A consistent resting blood pressure measured at 140/90 mm Hg or higher is diagnosed as ________. The atria are separated from each other by a walled membrane known as the ________. The ventricles of the heart are separated by the ________ septum. The ________ circuit is the route that blood takes from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again. After the impulse flows through the ________, the ventricles contract and the SA node starts the flow of a new impulse. The _________ circuit is the route blood takes from the heart through the body and back to the heart. The pressure in the arteries caused by ventricular contraction is called the ________ pressure. Twisted, dilated veins that are usually seen in the legs are called ________ veins. The tightening or constriction of the muscular wall of an artery that increases blood pressure is called ________. The widening of the wall of an artery that decreases blood pressure is called ________. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 The percentage of red blood cells found in a sample of blood is called the ____. A) WBC B) RBC C) hematocrit D) differential E) serum Plasma makes up what percentage of the blood? A) 25% B) 35% C) 45% D) 55% E) 65% The production of RBCs in the blood is controlled by which hormone? A) Thyroxin B) Oxyhemoglobin C) Cortisol D) Erythropoietin E) Oxytocin Red blood cells live for approximately ____. A) one month B) two months C) four months D) six months E) one year Bacteria and viruses are destroyed by white blood cells called ____. A) eosinophils B) neutrophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) erythrocytes Parasitic infections can be controlled by which of these WBCs? A) Eosinophils B) Neutrophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])