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Questions and Answers
Which WBCs release histamine and heparin and promote inflammation?
What would a medical provider expect to see in a patient with AIDS?
What is the mechanism by which WBCs leave blood vessels?
What is the primary function of blood platelets?
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What is the term for blood coagulation on a vessel wall in the absence of injury?
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What happens when a part of a thrombus breaks off?
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Where can an embolus become lodged?
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What is the blood type of a universal donor?
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Why is it important for a woman of childbearing age to know her Rh type?
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What is the primary function of globulins in plasma proteins?
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What is the role of fibrinogen in plasma proteins?
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What is the body's first response when a blood vessel is broken?
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What is the best response to Jose's mother about her son's blood type?
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Why is it important to match the blood type of the donor and recipient?
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What is the likely cause of Tina's symptoms of dizziness and shortness of breath?
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What is the term for a condition that occurs when a mother's immune system attacks her fetus's red blood cells?
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What is the pigment found in mature RBCs?
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Which of the following is a type of protein found in plasma?
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What is a physical reaction to a stressor?
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How does prolonged stress affect the body's immune responses?
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Which assessment would help identify an endocrine problem in a child?
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What is a potential effect of removing the pituitary gland?
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Which type of hormone requires G-protein to activate enzymes inside a cell?
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Which type of hormone can cross a cell membrane easily?
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What is the condition called when there are not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood to carry an adequate amount of oxygen to the body's cells?
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Which type of white blood cells release substances such as histamine, which promotes inflammation, and heparin, which is an anticoagulant?
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What is the pigment called that the liver uses to make bile needed for the digestion of fats?
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What is the pigment released from a red blood cell when it is destroyed?
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What is hemoglobin that is not carrying oxygen called?
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What type of lipoproteins are found in blood, in addition to VLDL, LDL, and HDL?
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What is the process called when a blood clot replaces the platelet plug at the site of a blood vessel injury?
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What is a white blood cell count that is below normal called?
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Which blood type can Harold receive if necessary?
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Who is most at risk for erythroblastosis fetalis?
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What medical intervention is often required at birth for erythroblastosis fetalis?
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What is the most common cause of anemia?
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Which population is most affected by sickle cell anemia?
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What is a sign or symptom of sickle cell anemia?
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How much blood does the average adult body contain?
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Which patient is most likely to have thalassemia?
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Study Notes
Blood and Immune System
- Basophils release histamine and heparin, promoting inflammation.
- Eosinophils are not involved in acute inflammation.
- Monocytes mature into macrophages, which engulf foreign substances.
- Lymphocytes produce antibodies to fight infection.
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
- Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes.
- Lymphocytes and monocytes are agranulocytes.
- WBCs are produced in red bone marrow by stem cells.
Blood Clotting
- When a blood vessel is broken, the body's first response is platelet plug formation.
- Fibrinogen is a plasma protein that aids in blood clotting.
- A blood clot that forms in a blood vessel and remains there is called a thrombus.
Blood Transfusions
- People with type AB blood can receive blood from any blood type.
- People with type O blood are universal donors.
- If a patient receives mismatched blood, their immune system will destroy the donated blood.
Anemia
- The most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency.
- Sickle cell anemia primarily affects African Americans.
- Symptoms of sickle cell anemia include enlarged spleen and delayed growth.
Blood Composition
- The average adult body contains 4 to 6 liters of blood.
- Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- Plasma proteins include globulins, fibrinogen, and albumins.
Immune System Disorders
- Thalassemia is a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production, common in people of Mediterranean descent.
- Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when an Rh-negative mother has an Rh-positive fetus.
Hormones and Stress
- Prolonged stress inhibits the body's immune responses by increasing cortisol release.
- Chemically, hormones are either steroidal (easily cross cell membranes) or nonsteroidal (require G-proteins to activate enzymes).
- Hormone categories include gonadal, adrenal, and prostaglandins.
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Description
Quiz about the different types of white blood cells, their functions, and their role in infections and immune responses. Identify the WBCs that release histamine and heparin, and understand how WBC counts change in response to infections.
