Kidney Function MCQ Practice PDF

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 The kidneys are in which position when compared to the peritoneal cavity? A) Lateral B) Superior C) Retroperitoneal D) Inferior E) Distal Which of these is a hormone that helps to regulate red blood cell production? A) Eryth...

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 The kidneys are in which position when compared to the peritoneal cavity? A) Lateral B) Superior C) Retroperitoneal D) Inferior E) Distal Which of these is a hormone that helps to regulate red blood cell production? A) Erythropoietin B) Renin C) Aldosterone D) ADH E) Oxytocin The ____ contains the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter. A) renal sinus B) hilum C) renal pelvis D) renal cortex E) renal column The expansion of the ureter inside the kidneys is the ____. A) renal pelvis B) renal cortex C) renal medulla D) renal column E) renal pyramid The middle portion of the kidneys is the ____. A) renal pelvis B) renal cortex C) renal medulla D) renal column E) hilum Which of the following is composed of a mass of capillaries called a glomerulus and is where blood filtration occurs? A) Renal corpuscle B) Renal tubule C) Glomerular capsule D) Proximal convoluted tubule E) Minor calyx The group of capillaries that forms the renal corpuscle is called the ____. A) renal tubule B) glomerulus C) afferent arterioles D) peritubular capillaries E) renal cortex Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 The ____ join with other, similar structures from other nephrons to form collecting ducts. A) afferent arterioles B) distal convoluted tubules C) efferent arterioles D) peritubular capillaries E) proximal convoluted tubules Located between the proximal and distal tubules is the ________. A) renal corpuscle B) minor calyx C) peritubular capillaries D) loop of Henle E) collecting duct Which section of the tubule is connected to the glomerulus? A) Renal corpuscle B) Collecting duct C) Glomerular capsule D) Proximal convoluted tubule E) Distal convoluted tubule Which structure surrounds each glomerulus? A) Renal corpuscle B) Renal tubule C) Bowman's capsule D) Proximal convoluted tubule E) Loop of Henle What are the tiny vessels that surround the tubules? A) Proximal convoluted tubules B) Renal tubules C) Peritubular capillaries D) Loop of Henle E) Distal convoluted tubules The ____ deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries. A) afferent arterioles B) distal convoluted tubules C) efferent arterioles D) peritubular capillaries E) proximal convoluted tubules Which process of urine formation decreases when the blood pressure decreases, and increases when the blood pressure increases? A) Glomerular filtration B) Tubular reabsorption C) Tubular secretion D) Elimination E) Micturition Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 During the ____ process of urine formation, substances move from the blood into the renal tubules. A) glomerular filtration B) tubular reabsorption C) tubular secretion D) elimination E) micturition During ____, the hormone ADH controls the amount of water the body keeps. A) glomerular filtration B) tubular reabsorption C) tubular secretion D) elimination E) micturition Which of the following occurs in the renal corpuscles? A) Glomerular filtration B) Tubular reabsorption C) Tubular secretion D) Elimination E) Micturition The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule during which process of urine formation? A) Glomerular filtration B) Tubular reabsorption C) Tubular secretion D) Elimination E) Micturition During which process of urine formation do drugs and hydrogen ions enter the filtrate? A) Glomerular filtration B) Tubular reabsorption C) Tubular secretion D) Elimination E) Micturition In which process of urine formation are nutrients, ions, and water returned to the body? A) Glomerular filtration B) Tubular reabsorption C) Tubular secretion D) Elimination E) Micturition Substances such as drugs, ions, and waste products are moved during the ____ process of urine formation and are eliminated in urine. A) glomerular filtration B) tubular reabsorption C) tubular secretion D) elimination E) micturition Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which urinary system structure takes urine away from the bladder? A) Ureters B) Renal tubule C) Urethra D) Kidney E) Glomerulus The ____ use(s) a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder. A) ureters B) renal tubule C) urethra D) kidney E) glomerulus The detrusor muscle is part of the ____. A) ureters B) bladder C) urethra D) kidney E) liver Which of the following describes acute renal failure? A) Kidneys slowly lose function B) Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes C) Can result from poisons and/or alcohol abuse D) Surgical repair of obstructions may correct failure E) Can be caused by nervous system disorders Which of the following does not describe acute kidney failure? A) Kidneys suddenly lose function B) Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes C) May cause excessive urine production D) Can result from hemorrhaging E) May be a result of food poisoning Which of the following describes chronic renal failure? A) Kidneys suddenly lose function B) Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes C) May cause excessive urine production D) Can result from hemorrhaging E) May cause frequent seizure activity Which of the following does not describe chronic renal failure? A) Kidneys slowly lose function B) Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes C) Can result from poisons and/or alcohol abuse D) Surgical repair of obstructions may correct failure E) May cause headache and mental confusion Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Carol recently had surgery to repair a urinary sphincter. Since then, she has had trouble with urinary incontinence. The physician has assured her that this will be a temporary condition, but she wants to know what she can do to help alleviate this problem. Which of the following is your best reply? A) "Wear incontinence pads for a while; it takes a long time to heal after surgery." B) "You can do Kegel exercises to increase your control of the urinary sphincters." C) "We can perform another surgery to repair your urethral sphincter." D) "Try using an over-the-counter diuretic to make the urge to urinate stronger." E) "Stop taking your prescription diuretic until you recover from the surgery." Donna came to the office today complaining of back pain, fever, nausea, and blood in her urine. She has a recent history of bladder infection. The physician diagnoses pyelonephritis. Which of the following would you expect the physician to prescribe? A) A systemic antiviral agent B) Bladder surgery C) Low-sodium, low-protein diet D) Kegel exercises E) Pain medication and antibiotics You are working at an urgent care clinic when a patient is brought in by several of his friends. He is conscious but seems very confused. At first, the friends say they're worried because he had too much to drink, but then they admit that he was using drugs also. The patient's hands are shaking, and when he wipes his nose with a tissue, you can see blood on the tissue. Which of the following conditions would the physician likely be most concerned about? A) Pyelonephritis B) Glomerulonephritis C) Polycystic kidney disease D) Acute renal failure E) Renal calculi Which of the following removes metabolic waste products from the blood? A) Kidneys B) Ureters C) Urinary bladder D) Urethra E) Renal pelvis In the kidneys what combines with water and ions to form urine? A) Red blood cells B) Erythropoietin C) Metabolic wastes D) Red bone marrow E) Renin Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 which of the following begin the process of developing sperm cells? A. testes B. bulbourethral glands C. glans penis D. spermatogenic cells E. epididymis Answer: spermatogenic cells at the beginning of spermatogenesis, cells are called ______ and contain 46 chromosomes. A. spermatogenic cells B. semen C. spermatogonia D. spermatocytes E. sperm cells Answer: spermatogonia which of the following carries sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra? A. vas deferens B. seminal vesicle C. seminiferous tubule D. bulbourethral gland E. prostate gland Answer: vas deferens the ______ produces a milky, alkaline fluid and secretes this fluid into the urethra just before ejaculation to protect the sperm when they enter the acidic environment of the female vagina. A. bulbourethral gland B. prostate gland C. seminal vesicle D. testis E. epididymis Answer: prostate gland Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 which structure secretes an alkaline fluid rich in sugars and prostaglandins? A. bulbourethral gland B. prostate gland C. seminal vesicles D. testes E. epididymis Answer: seminal vesicles what surrounds the proximal urethra in a male? A. bulbourethral gland B. prostate gland C. seminal vesicle D. testis E. epididymis Answer: prostate gland a mixture of sperm cells and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands form______ A. spermatogenic cells B. spermatogonia C. spermatogenesis D. seminal fluid E. semen Answer: semen which of the following are considered the primary organs of the male reproductive system because they produce sperm and testosterone? A. testes B. bulbourethral gland C. seminiferous tubules D. spermatogenic cells E. seminal vesicles Answer: testes Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 each lobule of the testes is filled with ______, which are filled with spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells. A. spermatogonia B. spermatocytes C. seminiferous tubules D. bulbourethral gland E. spermatids Answer: seminiferous gland which of the following makes a fluid that lubricates the penis for sexual intercourse? A. testes B. bulbourethral gland C. seminiferous tubules D. spermatogenic cells E. prostate gland Answer: bulbourethral gland which of the following is the inability to maintain an erection long enough to complete sexual intercourse? A. testicular cancer B. impotence C. prostate cancer D. prostatitis E. benign prostatic hypertrophy Answer: impotence which of these conditions can cause pain during bowel movements? A. testicular cancer B. impotence C. prostate cancer D. prostatitis E. benign prostatic hypertrophy Answer: prostate cancer Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 a lower sperm count is a sign of which of the following disorders? A. testicular cancer B. impotence C. prostate cancer D. prostatitis E. benign prostatic hypertrophy Answer: prostatitis a lump in the testes can be caused by ______ A. testicular cancer B. impotence C. prostate cancer D. prostatitis E. benign prostatic hypertrophy Answer: testicular caner which of these structures of the female reproductive system produces progesterone and estrogen? A. fallopian tube B. cervix C. vagina D. ovary E. uterus Answer: ovary in the female reproductive system, what "catches" the ovum as it leaves the ovary? A. vestibular glands B. infundibulum C. vagina D. urethra E. cervix Answer: infundibulum Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 the ______ provides a passageway for delivery of offspring as well as for uterine secretions A. vestibular glands B. infundibulum C. vagina D. ovary E. fallopian tube Answer: vagina which of these secrete mucus during sexual intercourse? A. vestibular glands B. clitoris C. vagina D. ovary E. fallopian tube Answer: vestibular glands which of these contain the female erectile tissue and is rich in sensory nerves? A. vestibular glands B. clitoris C. vagina D. infundibulum E. cervix Answer: clitoris for which disorders are pap smears often effective in early detection? A. cervical cancer B. cervicitis C. dysmenorrhea D. ovarian cancer E. endometrial cancer Answer: cervical cancer what is the medical term for cramps that are severe enough to limit normal activities? A. cervical cancer B. cervicitis C. dysmenorrhea D. ovarian cancer E. fibroids Answer: dysmenorrhea Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])