Medical MCQ Practice Questions PDF

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are released by the ____. A) anterior pituitary gland B) parathyroid gland C) posterior pituitary gland D) adrenal gland E) pineal body Which gland or organ releases luteinizing hormone? A) A...

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are released by the ____. A) anterior pituitary gland B) parathyroid gland C) posterior pituitary gland D) adrenal gland E) pineal body Which gland or organ releases luteinizing hormone? A) Anterior pituitary B) Parathyroid C) Posterior pituitary D) Adrenal E) Gonads The ____ gland releases PTH. A) anterior pituitary B) parathyroid C) posterior pituitary D) adrenal E) thyroid Which hormone stimulates the contraction of the prostate and vas deferens during male sexual arousal? A) Aldosterone B) FSH C) Calcitonin D) TSH E) Oxytocin Which of these hormones decreases blood sugar? A) Aldosterone B) Insulin C) Cortisol D) Glucagon E) Estrogen Which hormone increases blood sugar? A) Aldosterone B) Thyroid hormones C) Cortisol D) Glucagon E) Insulin Which hormone stimulates the body to retain sodium and water and is important for maintaining blood pressure? A) Aldosterone B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone C) Cortisol D) Calcitonin E) Epinephrine Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which hormone increases energy production by cells, stimulates protein synthesis, and speeds up the repair of damaged tissues? A) Aldosterone B) Thyroid hormones C) Cortisol D) TSH E) FSH The hormone ____ lowers blood calcium by activating osteoblasts, which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue. A) cortisol B) glucagon C) calcitonin D) oxytocin E) melatonin The hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones is ____. A) cortisol B) calcitonin C) oxytocin D) ACTH E) TSH Which of the following hormones decreases protein synthesis and inflammation? A) Aldosterone B) Thyroid hormones C) Cortisol D) Glucagon E) Calcitonin The ____ secretes a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates blood cell production. A) pineal body B) heart C) kidney D) thymus E) pancreas The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is released by which organ? A) Stomach B) Small intestine C) Kidneys D) Heart E) Liver Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of the following releases melatonin, which regulates a person's biological clock? A) Pineal body B) Ovaries C) Testes D) Stomach E) Kidneys The ____ releases thymosin, which promotes the production of T cells. A) pineal body B) small intestine C) kidneys D) thyroid E) thymus Which of the following stimulates red blood cell production? A) Thymosin B) Melatonin C) Erythropoietin D) Atrial natriuretic peptide E) Calcitonin ____ regulates circadian rhythms. A) Thymosin B) Melatonin C) Erythropoietin D) Atrial natriuretic peptide E) Cortisol Which hormone, released by the heart, regulates blood pressure? A) Thymosin B) Melatonin C) Erythropoietin D) Atrial natriuretic peptide E) ACTH The hormone that stimulates production of T lymphocytes is ____. A) thymosin B) melatonin C) erythropoietin D) atrial natriuretic peptide E) ACTH When the thyroid gland does not produce adequate amounts of thyroid hormones, a condition called ____ may result. A) dwarfism B) gigantism C) Graves' disease D) myxedema E) Addison's disease Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of the following is the result of excess growth hormone in children? A) Acromegaly B) Cretinism C) Dwarfism D) Gigantism E) Goiter A high glucose level due to the inadequate secretion of insulin is ____. A) acromegaly B) cretinism C) Cushing's syndrome D) diabetes mellitus E) diabetes insipidus Which of the following is the result of an excess in growth hormone in adults? A) Acromegaly B) Cretinism C) Dwarfism D) Gigantism E) Goiter ____ is due to congenital hypothyroidism. A) Acromegaly B) Cretinism C) Dwarfism D) Gigantism E) Goiter In which of the following conditions is too much cortisol produced? A) Acromegaly B) Cretinism C) Cushing's syndrome D) Diabetes mellitus E) Addison's disease ____ is a condition in which too little growth hormone is produced in childhood. A) Acromegaly B) Cretinism C) Dwarfism D) Gigantism E) Graves' disease When a person develops antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, causing the thyroid to produce too many thyroid hormones, that person has ____. A) dwarfism B) gigantism C) Graves' disease D) myxedema E) Addison's disease Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Clara Simmons, a 62-year-old patient, has come to the medical office with a complaint of weight gain and puffy hands and feet. "This isn't like me," she says. "I exercise regularly and watch my diet." When you check her vital signs, you find that her blood pressure is 84/50, hear heart rate is 56, and her respirations are 12. For which of the following disorders might you expect the physician to test? A) Graves' disease B) Cushing's syndrome C) Myxedema D) Diabetes mellitus E) Diabetes insipidus Richard is a 36-year-old patient who is complaining of insomnia and weight loss. He tells you his heart often races. Richard's current weight is 126, and in his chart you notice that at his last visit 3 months ago, his weight was 142. He seems anxious while you are conducting the interview. For which of the following disorders might you expect the physician to test? A) Graves' disease B) Cushing's syndrome C) Myxedema D) Acromegaly E) Addison's disease Mr. Harrison came to the office last week because he was confused and concerned by recent physical developments. His hands and feet seem to be getting bigger, and he is developing gaps between his teeth. He is here today for a follow-up visit, and the physician informs him that he has a pituitary tumor that needs to be removed. Mr. Harrison's symptoms are typical of which of the following disorders? A) Graves' disease B) Cushing's syndrome C) Myxedema D) Addison's disease E) Acromegaly A person with ____ will have thin skin, high glucose levels, thin extremities, and a large abdomen. A) Graves' disease B) Cushing's syndrome C) myxedema D) acromegaly E) dwarfism Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 How does the level of carbon dioxide in the person's blood change when a person hyperventilates? A) Increases B) Decreases C) Increases only during inhalation D) Increases only during exhalation E) Decreases only during exhalation Which of the following can normally cause an increased respiratory rate and depth? A) Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood B) Decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood C) Increased oxygen level in the blood D) Increased pH in the blood E) Decreased pH in the blood Which of the following can normally cause an increased respiratory rate and depth? A) Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood B) Decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood C) Increased oxygen level in the blood D) Increased pH in the blood E) Decreased pH in the blood Which of the following describes the function of cilia? A) Mucus-secreting cells in the lower bronchial tree B) Tiny structures in the airways that trap and hold foreign material C) Tiny hair-like structures in the airways that push mucus toward the pharynx D) Composed of macrophages and destroy inhaled pathogens E) Flap-like structures that close off the larynx during swallowing Which of the following extend(s) from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity? A) Pharynx B) Nasal septum C) Nasal conchae D) Cilia E) Paranasal sinuses Which of the following lines the nasal cavity and helps remove pathogens? A) Pharynx B) Nasal septum C) Nasal conchae D) Cilia E) Paranasal sinuses Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 The nasal cavity is divided by the ____. A) pharynx B) nasal septum C) nasal conchae D) cilia E) paranasal sinuses Which of these are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange occurs? A) Bronchioles B) Alveoli C) Pleura D) Cilia E) Bronchi Which of the following allow the lungs to move freely in the thorax due to the secretion of a serous fluid? A) Bronchioles B) Alveoli C) Cilia D) Glottis E) Pleura The ____ are the part of the respiratory tree to which the alveoli are attached. A) bronchioles B) alveoli C) pleura D) epiglottis E) capillaries What is the medical term for the opening between the vocal cords? A) Bronchus B) Nasal cavity C) Glottis D) Epiglottis E) Pharynx Which of the following prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing? A) Alveoli B) Pleura C) Glottis D) Epiglottis E) Pharynx Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of the following does not occur when air enters the lungs? A) Thoracic pressure decreases. B) The diaphragm flattens. C) The diaphragm relaxes. D) The intercostal muscles raise the ribs. E) The amount of space in the thoracic cavity increases. Which of these occurs when air leaves the lungs? A) The diaphragm relaxes. B) Thoracic pressure decreases. C) The diaphragm flattens, enlarging the thoracic cavity. D) The intercostal muscles raise the ribs. E) Air pressure in the lungs becomes lower than atmospheric pressure. Which of the following does not affect the respiratory rate? A) Pons B) Carbon dioxide in the blood C) Medulla oblongata D) pH of the blood E) Pain Which of the following exerts control on the respiratory rhythm? A) Fear B) Pons C) pH of the blood D) Medulla oblongata E) Pain Which of the following is the sum of tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume? A) Inspiratory capacity B) Residual volume C) Vital capacity D) Total lung capacity E) Forced vital capacity What is the amount of air forcefully exhaled after a normal exhalation called? A) Tidal volume B) Inspiratory reserve volume C) Peak expiratory flow D) Residual volume E) Expiratory reserve volume Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 The amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs during a normal breath is the ____. A) tidal volume B) inspiratory reserve volume C) expiratory reserve volume D) residual volume E) inspiratory capacity What is the amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation called? A) Tidal volume B) Inspiratory reserve volume C) Expiratory reserve volume D) Residual volume E) Inspiratory capacity What is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at all times called? A) Expiratory reserve volume B) Functional residual capacity C) Vital capacity D) Total lung capacity E) Residual volume The ____ is the total amount of air that the lungs can hold. A) expiratory reserve volume B) residual volume C) vital capacity D) total lung capacity E) peak expiratory flow The total amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after the deepest inhalation possible is the ____. A) expiratory reserve volume B) residual volume C) vital capacity D) total lung capacity E) tidal volume Which of the following is caused by a virus and lasts 5-10 days? A) COPD B) Influenza C) Legionnaire's disease D) Pleurisy E) Emphysema Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 In which condition does inflammation cause an obstruction in the tubes of the bronchial tree? A) Asthma B) Bronchitis C) Pleurisy D) Pneumonia E) Atelectasis Smokers are much more likely to develop ____ than are nonsmokers, and repeated episodes increase a person's chance of eventually developing lung cancer. A) asthma B) bronchitis C) pleurisy D) pneumonia E) atelectasis In which disorder is airflow to the lungs limited and do the alveoli become enlarged? A) Asthma B) Tuberculosis C) COPD D) Pneumonia E) Allergic rhinitis Which of the following is an acute type of bacterial pneumonia caused by bacteria found in air conditioning systems? A) COPD B) Influenza C) Legionnaire's disease D) Pleurisy E) Laryngitis Which of these is a chronic condition that damages the alveoli of the lungs due to stretching of the spaces between the alveoli and paralyzes the cilia of the respiratory system? A) Asthma B) Emphysema C) Pleurisy D) Pneumonia E) SARS Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])