Diseases PDF

Disease Name Causative Agent Unique Symptom Extra Immune System 1 1 DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS) small deletion in chromosome number 22 low T-lymphocyte numbers...

Disease Name Causative Agent Unique Symptom Extra Immune System 1 1 DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS) small deletion in chromosome number 22 low T-lymphocyte numbers Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), aka Human Herpesvirus common-non-painful swelling of the 2 2 Hodgkin’s Disease (HD) 4 (HHV-4) lymph nodes of the neck, armpit, groin Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) 3 3 AIDS HIV decreased immune function Kaposi's sarcoma Skin 4 1 FOLLICULITIS Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis Pimple, Sty, Carbuncle 5 2 SSSS S. aureus Epidermis peels off in sheets S. aureus %80, Streptococcus pyogenes alone or Small, flattened red patches on face, 6 3 IMPETIGO (PYODERMA) with S. Aureus 20% limbs. pus-filled NECROTIZING FASCIITIS flesh-eating Pain, swelling. sunburn-like rash. Skin 7 4 S. pyogenes most common, can be S. aureus enters through wounds disease distends 8 5 ACNE Propionibacterium acnes (85%), S. aureus Blackhead, Cystic Acne 9 6 PSEUDOMONAS INFECTION Pseudomonas aeruginosa Blue-green pigment pyocyanin Blackening of infected muscle and 10 7 GANGRENE C. perfringens enters through wounds skin 11 8 POXVIRUS DISEASES: Smallpox, Cowpox Human poxvirus (orthopoxvirus aka variola) Macule (flat, red) , Papule (raised) Simplexvirus: Human Herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) Slow spreading lesions on lips or 12 9 HERPES oral, 2 genital genitalia Common, filiform, flat, plantar, 13 10 WARTS (PAPILLOMAS) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Benign growths of epithelium periungual Same virus causes both chickenpox and shingles, but must have had Herpes virus HHV-3, a.k.a. Varicella-Zoster Virus pus-filled papules-fluid-filled vesicles- 14 11 CHICKENPOX AND SHINGLES chickenpox to develop shingles later in (VZV) Crusts and scabs life. NO ASPIRIN, risk of contracting Reye’s Syndrome Slightly swollen lymph nodes, mild Severe in unborn babies: Congenital 15 12 RUBELLA (German Measles) Rubivirus fever, headache, mild pink eye. rubella syndrome Koplik’s spots appear on mucus Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis 16 13 MEASLES (Rubeola) Morbillivirus (rubeola virus) membranes after two days (SSPE) 17 14 Erythema Infectosum aka FIFTH DISEASE Parvovirus B19 Bright red cheeks Abrupt fever, enlarged lymph nodes, 18 15 ROSEOLA Roseolovirus (HHV-6 ) pink-rash many on face, neck PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOUR aka TINEA Flaky discoloured patches appear on 19 16 Malassezia furfur VERSICOLOUR the chest dermatophytes: RINGWORM (Tinea corporis), Produce red, raised lesions; circular 20 17 DERMATOPHYTOSES ATHLETE’S FOOT (Tinea pedis) in ringworm Initially small painless lesions, over 21 18 CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS 4 species of ascomycetes time (several years) become large, flat to thick, tough and wart-like Tumor-like infections of skin, fascia 22 19 MYCETOMAS Several genera of ascomycetes and bones of hand and feet Large, painless skin ulcers around site Zoonosis-disease of animals 23 20 CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIANSES genus Leishmania of bite wound made by disease vector transmitted to humans Results when skin lesions enlarge to Zoonosis-disease of animals 24 21 MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIANSES genus Leishmania include mucus membranes of mouth, transmitted to humans nose Parasite spreads to liver, spleen, bone Zoonosis-disease of animals 25 22 VISCERAL LEISHMANIANSES genus Leishmania marrow lymph nodes transmitted to humans Itching, pimple-like rash, no pus, hand 26 23 SCABIES Sarcoptes scabiei and genitelia Eye Typically, a disease of children - 27 1 TRACHOMA Chlamydia trachomatis Rough conjunctiva and cornea infected during birth inflammation of conjunctiva and 28 2 Ophthalmia Neonatorum Neisseria gonorrhoeae cornea, red eye, pus 29 3 Conjunctivitis (pinkeye) Haemophilus influenza, Acanthamoeba Irritation, itching, Light sensitivity Excess tears or other discharge, 30 4 Keratitis Haemophilus influenza, Acanthamoeba blurred vision. Cardiovascular Diseases  Opportunistic normal or HAI microbiota. P. Septic Shock, Inflamed lymph vessels Osteomyelitis occurs if bacteria 31 1 SEPTICEMIA aeruginosa, N. meningitidis, E. coli, S. aureus, S. visible under skin invade the bones pneumoniae, S. pyogenes Normal microbiota are usually responsible, blood clots, stroke, murmurs, 32 2 ENDOCARDITIS Inflammation of the endocardium, Viridans streptococci destruction of heart valves skin lesions, swollen and tender, pus- 33 3 TULAREMIA Francisella tularensis A zoonotic disease filed lymph nodes painful, enlarged lymph nodes called 34 4 PLAGUE Yersinia pestis buboes, typically seen in the groin or A zoonotic disease axilla 35 5 LYME DISEASE Borrelia burgdorferi Bull’s-eye rash A zoonotic disease Human herpes virus 4 (HHV-4) aka Epstein-Barr fatigue, splenomegaly (enlarged 36 6 INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS virus (EBV) spleen) muscle aches, vomiting, delirium, 37 7 YELLOW FEVER Flavivirus genus coma 38 8 DENGUE FEVER (Backbone fever) One of 4 Flaviviruses edema of extremities hyper-immune response leading to the rupture of blood vessels, leading 39 9 DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER Reinfection with a previously encountered virus to internal bleeding, shock, and eventually death exhaustion, petechiae, progressing to AFRICAN VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVER Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus, Members of Filoviridae 40 10 severe internal hemorrhaging, (Ebola, Marburg) family bleeding from mouth 4 Plasmodium species, P. ovale – mild, P. vivax – Cyclical fever and chills, anemia, 41 11 MALARIA chronic, P. malariae – serious, P. falciparum – jaundice fatal confusion, spastic paralysis, 42 12 TOXOPLASMOSIS Toxoplasma gondii blindness, encephalitis, death Swelling, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, 43 13 CHAGAS’ DISEASE Trypanosoma cruzi congestive heart failure leading to swimmer’s itch (a type of 44 14 SCHISTOSOMIASIS genus Schistosoma dermatitis) at site of invasion, renal failure CNS Infections Neisseria meningitides, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Stiff neck, petechial, non-blanching Encephalitis: when the brain becomes 45 1 Bacterial MENINGITIS Streptococcus agalatiae, Listeria rash, glass test, CSF is milky infected Monocytogenes lost sensation in regions of skin due to 46 2 HANSEN’S DISEASE (LEPROSY) Mycobacterium leprae nerve damage, Destroys tissues, progressive paralysis, weak cry, 47 3 BOTULISM Clostridium botulinum decreased ability to suckle tightening of jaw, neck, spasms and 48 4 TETANUS tetanospasmin released by Clostridium tetani contractions, fists clench 49 5 VIRAL MENINGITIS Poliovirus confusion, nausea, polio 50 6 RABIES Rabies virus, genus Lyssavirus hydrophobia, seizures 51 7 ARBOVIRAL ENCEPHALITIS Six arboviruses: eg West Nile Encephalitis (WNE) Stiff neck, skin rash Zoonotic 52 8 CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS Cryptococcus neoformans Late stages include loss of vision AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS (aka Wound becomes a lesion, contains 53 9 Trypanosoma brucei AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS) necrotic tissue, extreme drowsiness PRIMARY AMEBIC 54 10 Naegleria fowleri Same as meningitis and encephalitis MENINGOENCEPHALOPATHY Respiratory Infections/Diseases swollen lymph nodes, may be covered 55 1 Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) Group A streptococci (S. pyogenes) by purulent, (pus-filled) abscesses oozing fluid , grayish leathery 56 2 Diphtheria Corynebacterium diphtheriae membrane Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%), Haemophilus 57 3 Rhinosinusitis influenzae (20-30%), Staphylococcus aureus (1- inflamed nasal passages 2%) Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%), Haemophilus Inflammation of ear, may also cause 58 4 Otitis Media influenzae (20-30%), Staphylococcus aureus (1- swelling of the eustachian tubes 2%)  Over 200 viruses (!) cause colds, Most 59 5 Common Cold commonly enteroviruses (rhinoviruses), cough, sneezing coronaviruses; adenoviruses Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pneumococcal congestion, cough, chest pain; short, more serious and more frequent in 60 6 Bacterial Pneumonias pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, Other rapid breathing adults Bacterial pneumonias 61 7 Legionnaires’ Disease Legionella pneumophila GI symptoms, confusion, high fever. As disease progresses: breathing 62 8 Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis difficulty, fatigue 63 9 Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Bordetella pertussis characteristic cough 64 10 Inhalational Anthrax Bacillus anthracis black skin lesions Sudden fever distinguishes flu from 65 11 Influenza Orthomyxoviruses-Influenza virus types A and B cold High fever, shortness of breath, 66 12 SARS Coronaviruses, SARS-CoV Spread via respiratory droplets difficulty breathing High fever, shortness of breath, 67 13 MERS MERS-CoV difficulty breathing Cough or worsening of chronic cough. 68 14 Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) SARS-CoV-2 Taste and smell loss, sore throat Infants and immunocomprimised 69 15 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection Pneumovirus genus adults have severe symtoms, like flu, mild or no fever muscle pain, stomach problems, Human disease more likely as mouse 70 16 Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) Hantavirus dizziness, cough, shock, and labored population increases breathing as lungs fill with fluid Painless cutaneous lesions on face 71 17 Blastomycosis Blastomyces dermatitidis and upper body-60-70% of cases Asymptomatic in 95% of cases, Symptomatic infection causes 72 18 Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum coughing with bloody, sputum or skin lesions - 5% Common, diagnostic disease in AIDS 73 19 Pneumocystis Pneumonia Pneumocystis jirovecii anemia, hypoxia patients Digestive Infections Periodontal Disease: Dental Caries, 74 1 Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp. Black cavity Cavities Hard deposits of tartar (hardened 75 2 Gingivitis Porphyromonas gingivalis plaques), Inflammation of gums Sticky, colourless or pale-yellow film 76 3 Plaque Streptococcus mutans on surface of teeth If plaque is left too long, it becomes 77 4 Tartar Streptococcus mutans mineralized and hardens into tartar Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis Do not know exact cause, but suspect anaerobes Craterlike ulcers between teeth, 78 5 (ANUG) and spirochetes such as Treponema Extensive gum bleeding 79 6 Peptic Ulcers Helicobacter pylori Abdominal pain is main symptom contaminated food or water and poor 80 7 Bacterial Gastroenteritis: Shigellosis Shigella living conditions Bacterial Gastroenteritis: Traveler's contaminated food or water and poor 81 8 Escherichia coli diarrhea in travelers Diarrhea living conditions Bacterial Gastroenteritis: Campylobacter Rare complication: Guillain-Barre 82 9 Campylobacter jejuni Chickens main source Diarrhea Syndrome, nerve damage watery, foul smelling bowel 83 10 Bacterial Gastroenteritis: C. diff. Diarrhea Clostridium difficile movements per day Bacterial Gastroenteritis: Salmonellosis Stepwise Fever, mall, pink, flat spots Salmonella tolerate acidity of stomach 84 11 Salmonella enterica and Typhoid Fever on the abdomen and chest and pass to the intestine 85 12 Bacterial Gastroenteritis: Cholera Vibrio cholerae watery diarrhea, Bacterial Food Poisoning (intoxication) 86 13 Staphylococcus aureus diarrhea, and cramping, nausea Staphylococcal intoxication swelling of parotid salivary gland, face 87 14 Mumps Mumps virus (Rubulavirus) pain Caliciviruses eg norovirus (90%), rotaviruses Similar to bacterial gastroenteritis 88 15 Viral Gastroenteritis (infants) except less severe and vomiting 89 16 Hep A Hepatovirus 90 17 Hep B Orthohepadnavirus Hepatic cancer, rash 91 18 Hep C Hepacivirus Hepatic cancer 92 19 Hep D Deltavirus Cirrhosis, rash 93 20 Hep E Hepevirus Often asymptomatic, 94 21 Giardiasis Giardia intestinalis Greasy/frothy/fatty diarrhea (foul rotten egg smell) 95 22 Luminal amebiasis Entamoeba histolytica asymptomatic causes severe diarrhea, colitis, 96 23 Invasive amebic dysentery Entamoeba histolytica appendicitis, ulcers, bloody-mucus containing stools, pain causes necrotic lesions in liver, lungs, 97 24 Invasive extraintestinal amebiasis Entamoeba histolytica spleen, kidneys Taenia saginata: beef tapeworm, Taenia solium: 98 25 Tapeworm Infestations Usually asymptomatic, weight loss pork tapeworm Stomach upset, swollen abdomen, 99 26 Tapeworm Infestations: Hydatid disease Echinococcus granulosus zoonosis Perianal itching, irritability, sleep 100 27 Pinworm Infestations Enterobius vermicularis disturbance Urinary and Infections/Diseases Escherichia coli (70%), Proteus, Klebsiella, Can Frequent, urgent, painful urination; 101 1 Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections be caused by non-intestinal bacteria eg abdominal, back pain, cloudy urine Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus Abrupt fever, myalgia (muscle 102 2 Leptospirosis Leptospira interrogans pain/ache), muscle stiffness low blood pressure, confusion, severe 103 3 Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Staphalococcus aureus red rash White vaginal discharge with a “fishy” 104 4 Bacterial Vaginosis Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis No inflammation (-osis, not –itis) odour, itching 105 5 Vaginal Candidiasis Candida albicans Severe vaginal itching and burning Men-experience acute inflammation, painful urination, purulent discharge. Women-often asymptomatic, or mild Neisseria gonorrhoeae only affects 106 6 Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae symptoms, confused for bladder or humans vaginal infection; develop scarring or damage to uterine tube  can cause infertility, ectopic pregnancy N. gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis travel up pain in the lower abdomen (both Transmission mother to child 107 7 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) through the cervix sides), fever =Congenital Syphilis Primary syphilis: painless lesions- chancres, Mainly on genitalia, also mouth, anus. Secondary syphilis: sore throat, headache, mild fever; 108 8 Syphilis Treponema pallidum, spirochete widespread rash not itchy or painful. Latent syphilis-no symptoms, may last decade. Tertiary syphilis-if untreated = dementia, blindness, paralysis, heart failure, Women: usually (~70%) asymptomatic. Men: painful urination, Gram negative, opportunistic, 109 9 Chlamydial Infections Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis, purulent discharge; parasitic asymptomatic in ~50% A soft, tender pustule on or around the 110 10 Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi genitals Human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2) = ~85% cases. Small fluid-filled blisters/ulcers at 111 11 Genital Herpes Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) remainder of Virus become latent in nerve cells genitals or rectum cases Papillomas (warts) growths of skin OTCs not recommended for genital 112 12 Genital Warts Human papillomaviruses (HPV) epithelium. Affect genitalia, warts, May lead to increase in surrounding skin, anus, rectum transmission of other STDs Males: typically asymptomatic. Females: vaginal irritation, foul- 113 13 Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis smelling, yellowish green discharge, abdominal pain