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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the condition caused by a deletion in chromosome number 22?

DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS)

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Hodgkin's Disease (HD)?

  • Kaposi's sarcoma
  • Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (correct)
  • Decreased immune function
  • Common-non-painful swelling of the lymph nodes of the neck, armpit, groin

    • AIDS is a condition caused by HIV.

    True

    What is the other name for Epstein-Barr virus?

    <p>Human Herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes the epidermis to peel off in sheets?

    <p>SSSS (Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes small, flattened red patches on the face and limbs, with pus-filled lesions?

    <p>Impetigo (Pyoderma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes pain, swelling, sunburn-like rash, and skin distention?

    <p>Necrotizing Fasciitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes blackheads and cystic acne?

    <p>Acne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes blue-green pigment pyocyanin, blackening of the infected muscle and skin?

    <p>Pseudomonas Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes blackening of the infected muscle and skin?

    <p>Gangrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a poxvirus disease?

    <p>Chickenpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes slow-spreading lesions on lips or genitalia?

    <p>Herpes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes benign growths of epithelium?

    <p>Warts (Papillomas)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes pus-filled papules, fluid-filled vesicles, and crusts and scabs?

    <p>Chickenpox and Shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes swollen lymph nodes, a mild fever, headache, and a mild pink eye?

    <p>Rubella (German Measles)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes Koplik's spots to appear on the mucus membranes after two days?

    <p>Measles (Rubeola)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes bright red cheeks?

    <p>Erythema Infectosum (Fifth Disease)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes abrupt fever, enlarged lymph nodes, a pink rash, often many on face, neck?

    <p>Roseola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes flaky discolored patches appearing on the chest?

    <p>Pityriasis Versicolor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes red, raised lesions, that frequently grow in a circular pattern, known as ringworm?

    <p>Dermatophytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that initially causes small, painless skin lesions, which then develop and become large, flat to thick, tough and wart-like?

    <p>Chromoblastomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes tumor-like infections of the skin, face, and bones of hands and feet?

    <p>Mycetomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes large, painless skin ulcers around the site of a bite wound made by a disease vector?

    <p>Cutaneous Leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that occurs when skin lesions enlarge to include the mucus membranes of the mouth, nose?

    <p>Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes the parasite to spread to the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes?

    <p>Visceral Leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes itching, pimple-like rash, with no pus, often affecting the hands and genitelia?

    <p>Scabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes rough conjunctiva and cornea, inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea, red eyes, and pus?

    <p>Trachoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea, red eye, and pus?

    <p>Ophthalmia Neonatorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes irritation, itching, light sensitivity, excess tears or other discharge, and blurred vision?

    <p>Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes excess tears or other discharge, blurred vision?

    <p>Keratitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that sometimes occurs if bacteria invade the bones?

    <p>Osteomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes inflammation of the endocardium, skin lesions, swollen and tender, pus-filled lymph nodes?

    <p>Endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes painful, enlarged lymph nodes, called buboes?

    <p>Plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes a bull's-eye rash?

    <p>Lyme Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that features fatigue, splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), muscle aches, vomiting, delirium, coma?

    <p>Infectious Mononucleosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Yellow fever is a single Flavivirus infection

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes edema of the extremities, hyper-immune response leading to rupture of blood vessels, internal bleeding, shock, eventually death?

    <p>Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that is caused by a reinfection with a previously encountered virus?

    <p>Dengue Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes exhaustion, petechiae, progressing to severe internal hemorrhaging, bleeding from the mouth?

    <p>Ebola</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes cyclical fever and chills, anemia, jaundice?

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes confusion, spastic paralysis, blindness, encephalitis, and death?

    <p>Toxoplasmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes swelling, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, and congestive heart failure?

    <p>Chagas Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes swimmer's itch (a type of dermatitis) at the site of infection, renal failure?

    <p>Schistosomiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes stiff neck, a petechial, non-blanching rash, a positive glass test, and milky CSF?

    <p>Bacterial Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes lost sensation in regions of skin due to nerve damage, destroys tissues, progressive paralysis, weak cry, decreased ability to suckle?

    <p>Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes tightening of jaw, neck, spasms and contractions, fists clench?

    <p>Tetanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes confusion, nausea, and polio?

    <p>Viral Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes hydrophobia, seizures?

    <p>Rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes stiff neck, skin rash, and late stages include loss of vision?

    <p>Arboviral Encephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes a late stage condition which results in loss of vision?

    <p>Cryptococcal Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes a wound, which then becomes a lesion, which contains necrotic tissue, and extreme drowsiness?

    <p>African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes primary amebic meningoencephalopathy?

    <p>Primary Amebic Meningoencephalopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes swollen lymph nodes, maybe covered by purulent (pus-filled) abscesses?

    <p>Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes oozing fluid, grayish leathery membrane?

    <p>Diphtheria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes inflamed nasal passages?

    <p>Rhinosinusitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes inflammation of the ear, may also cause swelling of the eustachian tubes?

    <p>Otitis Media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes cough, sneezing?

    <p>Common Cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes congestion, cough, chest pain; short, rapid breathing?

    <p>Bacterial Pneumonias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes GI symptoms, confusion, high fever. As the disease progresses: breathing difficulty, fatigue?

    <p>Legionnaires Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes a characteristic cough

    <p>Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes a characteristic, whooping cough

    <p>Pertussis (Whooping Cough)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes black skin lesions?

    <p>Inhalational Anthrax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes sudden fever distinguishes flu from a cold

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes high fever, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing.

    <p>SARS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition that causes cough or worsening of chronic cough. Taste and smell loss, sore throat. Infants or immunocompromised adults have severe symptoms, like flu, mild or no fever

    <p>Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Disease Names, Causative Agents, Symptoms, and Extras

    • DiGeorge Syndrome (DGS): Caused by a small deletion on chromosome 22. Characterized by low T-lymphocyte numbers.

    • Hodgkin's Disease (HD): Linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Commonly presents with non-painful, swollen lymph nodes (neck, armpits, groin).

    • AIDS: Decreased immune function is a key characteristic. Associated with opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and Kaposi's sarcoma.

    • Folliculitis: Caused by Staphylococcus aureus or S. epidermidis. Skin condition with pimples or sty.

    • SSSS (Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome): Caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Skin peels off in sheets.

    • Impetigo/Pyoderma: Mostly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Commonly shows small, flattened red patches on the face.

    • Necrotizing Fasciitis: Often linked to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Clinically characterized as a "flesh-eating" disease.

    • Acne: Primarily caused by Propionibacterium acnes, with contributions by Staphylococcus aureus (in some cases). Common skin condition with blackheads and cysts.

    • Pseudomonas Infection: Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Known for blue-green pigment (pyocyanin). Presents with pus-filled lesions.

    • Gangrene: Primarily caused by Clostridium perfringens. Characterized by blackening of infected muscle and skin. Severe pain, swelling, sunburn-like rash.

    • Poxvirus Diseases (Smallpox, Cowpox): Caused by poxvirus (orthopoxvirus). Characterized by skin lesions.

    • Herpes: Caused by herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2). Marked by skin lesions, typically on genitalia or mouth.

    • Warts (Papillomas): Caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Benign skin growths.

    • Chickenpox and Shingles: Caused by Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV). Chickenpox is characterized by pus-filled papules and vesicles while shingles is related to the same virus.

    • Rubeola (Measles): Caused by Morbillivirus. Classic symptoms include Koplik's spots, rash, and fever.

    • Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease): Associated with Parvovirus B19. Characterized by a bright red facial rash.

    • Roseola: Caused by Roseolovirus (HHV-6). Abrupt onset of fever and pink rash often on the face or neck.

    • Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor): Caused by Malassezia furfur. Characterized by discolored, flaky skin patches.

    • Dermatophytoses: Caused by dermatophytes. Symptoms include red raised skin lesions (ringworm).

    • Chromoblastomycosis: Caused by certain ascomycetes fungi. Leads to large, flat to thick, tough and wart-like lesions.

    • Mycetomas: Caused by multiple genera of ascomycetes fungi. Tumor-like skin infections.

    • Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Caused by Leishmania species. Skin ulcers, sores, typically around the site of a bite from a disease vector.

    • Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis: Caused by Leishmania species. Similar to cutaneous, but skin lesions extend to mucus membranes.

    • Visceral Leishmaniasis: Caused by Leishmania species. Parasite spreads to internal organs like liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

    • Scabies: Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. Characterized by itching and skin rash, often around hands, genitalia.

    • Trachoma: Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Inflammation of the conjunctiva, eye irritation, and potential complications of the cornea.

    • Ophthalmia neonatorum: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Inflammation of the conjunctiva (eye lining) often present at birth.

    • Conjunctivitis (pinkeye): Caused by Haemophilus influenzae or Acanthamoeba (a protozoa). Symptoms involve red eyes with possible discharge.

    • Keratitis: Caused by Haemophilus influenza or Acanthamoeba. Eye irritation, light sensitivity. Could develop blurred vision.

    • Septicemia: Various bacterial causes, such as normal or HAI microbiota. Characterized by inflammation of lymph vessels.

    • Endocarditis: Usually caused by normal microbiota, such as viridians streptococci. Inflamed inner lining of the heart.

    • Tularemia: Associated with Francisella tularensis. Infections can have swollen and tender skin lesions.

    • Plague: Caused by Yersinia pestis. Symptom: painful, enlarged lymph nodes (buboes).

    • Lyme Disease: Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Symptoms include characteristic "bull's-eye" rash.

    • Infectious Mononucleosis: Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Symptoms typically include fatigue and enlarged spleen.

    • Yellow Fever: Caused by Flavivirus. Fever, exhaustion, and hemorrhaging are important.

    • **Dengue Fever:**Caused by Flaviviruses.

    • **Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever:**Caused by Flaviviruses. Serious complication of dengue fever.

    • African Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (e.g., Ebola, Marburg): Caused by Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus. Characterized by severe internal hemorrhaging.

    • Malaria: Caused by Plasmodium species. Symptoms include cyclical fever, chills, and anemia.

    • Toxoplasmosis: Caused by Toxoplasma gondii.

    • Chagas' Disease: Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.

    • Schistosomiasis: Caused by Schistosoma species. Characterized by swelling and eventual damage to internal organs.

    • Bacterial Meningitis: Various bacterial causes (e.g., Neisseria meningitides). Symptoms include stiff neck, headache, and fever.

    • Hansen's Disease (Leprosy): Caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Usually characterized by nerve damage, skin lesions, and loss of sensation.

    • Botulism: Caused by Clostridium botulinum. Neurological disorder resulting in paralysis.

    • Tetanus: Caused by Clostridium tetani. Neurological condition with muscular spasms and stiffness.

    • Viral Meningitis: Caused by various viruses; common symptoms include headache, fever, and stiff neck.

    • Rabies: Caused by Rabies virus. Symptoms include neurological problems and hydrophobia.

    • Arboviral Encephalitis: Caused by various arboviruses. Symptoms include inflammation of the brain.

    • Cryptococcal Meningitis: Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. Symptoms similar to other types of meningitis.

    • African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness): Caused by Trypanosoma brucei. Symptoms include neurological and cardiac problems.

    • Primary Amebic Meningoencephalopathy (PAM): Caused by Naegleria fowleri.

    • Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat): Caused by Group A streptococci (S. pyogenes).

    • Diphtheria: Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

    • Rhinosinusitis: Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus.

    • Otitis Media: Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus.

    • Common Cold: More than 200 viruses commonly cause colds, most commonly enteroviruses and Coronaviruses.

    • Bacterial Pneumonias: Various bacterial pathogens cause pneumonia.

    • Legionnaire's Disease: Caused by Legionella pneumophila.

    • Tuberculosis: Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

    • Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Caused by Bordetella pertussis.

    • Inhalational Anthrax: Caused by Bacillus anthracis.

    • Influenza: Caused by Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza A and B).

    • SARS Caused by coronaviruses (SARS-CoV)

    • MERS Caused by coronaviruses (MERS-CoV)

    • Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Caused by SARS-CoV-2.

    • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection: Caused by Pneumovirus.

    • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS): Caused by Hantavirus.

    • Blastomycosis: Caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis.

    • Histoplasmosis: Caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.

    • Pneumocystis Pneumonia: Caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii.

    Periodontal Diseases

    • Dental Caries (Cavities): Caused by Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species.

    • Gingivitis: Caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis, and others.

    • Plaque: A sticky film of bacteria.

    • Tartar: Hardened plaque.

    • Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (ANUG): Cause uncertain, but suspect anaerobic bacteria and spirochetes.

    • Peptic Ulcers: Often linked to Helicobacter pylori.

    • Bacterial Gastroenteritis (Shigellosis): Caused by Shigella.

    • Traveler's Diarrhea: Often linked to Escherichia coli, other bacterial causes.

    • Campylobacter Diarrhea: Caused by Campylobacter jejuni.

    • C. diff Diarrhea: Caused by Clostridium difficile.

    • Salmonellosis and Typhoid Fever: Caused by Salmonella enterica.

    • Cholera: Caused by Vibrio cholerae.

    • Bacterial Food Poisoning (Staphylococcal Intoxication): Associated with Staphylococcus aureus.

    • Mumps: Caused by Mumps Virus (Rubulavirus).

    • Viral Gastroenteritis: Caused by various viruses, like norovirus and rotavirus..

    • Hepatitis A: Caused by Hepatovirus.

    • Hepatitis B: Caused by Orthohepadnavirus (Hepatitis B virus).

    • Hepatitis C: Caused by Hepacivirus.

    • Hepatitis D: Caused by Deltavirus.

    • Hepatitis E: Caused by Hepevirus.

    • Giardiasis: Caused by Giardia intestinalis.

    • Luminal Amebiasis: Caused by Entamoeba histolytica, often asymptomatic.

    • Invasive Amebic Dysentery: Caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

    • Invasive Extraintestinal Amebiasis: Caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

    • Tapeworm Infestations: Caused by Taenias (e.g., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium).

    • Hydatid Disease: Caused by Echinococcus granulosus, a tapeworm.

    • Pinworm Infections: Caused by Enterobius vermicularis.

    Urinary and Genital Tract Infections

    • Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections: Various bacteria (especially Escherichia coli) can cause infections.

    • Leptospirosis: Caused by Leptospira interrogans. Characterized by fever, muscle pain, and potential organ involvement.

    • Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: Caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Symptoms include fever, low blood pressure, and rash.

    • Bacterial Vaginosis: Linked to Gardnerella vaginalis and Mycoplasma hominis. Vaginal discharge with a fishy odor.

    • Vaginal Candidiasis: Caused by Candida albicans. Characterized by vaginal itching and burning.

    • Gonorrhea: Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In men, urethritis is a common symptom.

    • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Caused by various bacteria (e.g., N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis), inflammatory response occurs.

    • Syphilis: Caused by Treponema pallidum. A chronic infection with stages of symptoms.

    • Chlamydial Infections: Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Could be asymptomatic or trigger urethritis.

    • Chancroid: Caused by Haemophilus ducreyi. Inflammatory condition in the genital area.

    • Genital Herpes: Caused by Human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2). Characterized by blisters or sores around the genitals.

    • Genital Warts: Associated with HPV. Growths around the genitals.

    • Trichomoniasis: Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Women may have yellow-green vaginal discharge.

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