Crop Protection Lesson 4: Major Insect Pests PDF

03/10/2024 PRINCIPLES IN CROP PROTECTION LESSON 4 Strictly for SLSU use only SOME INSECT PESTS OF MAJOR CROPS 1 ...

03/10/2024 PRINCIPLES IN CROP PROTECTION LESSON 4 Strictly for SLSU use only SOME INSECT PESTS OF MAJOR CROPS 1  03/10/2024 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Rice (Oryza sativa) A. Rice whorl maggot Scientific Name Hydrellia philippina Insect Order: Diptera – Ephydridae Damage Degenerated tissue along Characteristics: the inner margins of merging leaves. As leaves expand, yellow damaged areas become conspicuously visible. 2 03/10/2024 3  03/10/2024 Rice (Oryza sativa) B. Green Leafhopper (GLH) Scientific Name Nephotettix virescens Nephotettix nigropictus Nephotettix malayanus Insect Order: Homoptera - Cicadellidae Damage Stunted plant growth as a Characteristics: result of sucking of sap from leaves and tillers. GLH are important vectors of viruses causing tungro disease. 4  03/10/2024 Rice (Oryza sativa) C. Brown planthopper Scientific Name Nilaparvata lugens Insect Order: Homoptera: Delphacidae Damage Drying and browning of Characteristics: tillers due to removal of sap (hopperburn). BPH are vectors of ragged and grassy stunt viruses in rice. 5  03/10/2024 Rice (Oryza sativa) D. Rice stemborers Scientific Striped stemborer Yellow stem White stem Pink stem borer Name (Chilo suppresalis) borer borer (Sesamia Dark headed (Scirpophaga (S. innonata) inferens) stemborer incertulas) (Chilo polychrysus) Insect Lepidoptera: Lepidoptera: Lepidoptera Order: Crambidae Shoenobiidae Noctuidae Damage Unfolding, browning and drying of the central leaf whorl as a result of larvae Characteris feeding within the stem. If plants are attacked before the flowering stage the tics: damage is called deadheart; if plants are attacked after flowering stage, unfilled grains or dried panicles which remain straight and whitish results (whiteheads). 6  03/10/2024 Rice (Oryza sativa) E. Rice bug Scientific Name Leptocorisa oratorius Insect Order: Hemiptera: Alydidae Damage Rice grains with darkened Characteristics: spots as a result of adult and nymphal feeding. Feeding during the milk stage results in empty grains; feeding during the soft dough stage results in lower grain quality and broken grains 7  03/10/2024 Rice (Oryza sativa) F. Leaffolder/ Leaf roller Scientific Name Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Damage Edges of leaves fastened Characteristics: together forming a tube where pupation occurs. 8  03/10/2024 Rice (Oryza sativa) G. Common Cutworm Scientific Name Spodoptera litura Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Damage Characteristics: Young rice plants are often cut at ground level while older plants are defoliated as a result of larval feeding. Newly hatched larvae usually feed together on the leaf surface while older ones are found in the soil around the base of the plants. 9  03/10/2024 Corn (Zea mays L.) 10  03/10/2024 Corn (Zea mays) A. Corn earworm Scientific Name Helicoverpa armigera Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Damage Rows of feeding holes on Characteristics: leaves after they unfold at whorl stage; cut silk and hole at opening of ears from silking to soft dough stage. 11  03/10/2024 Corn (Zea mays) B. Asian Corn Borer Scientific Name Ostrinia furnacalis Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Crambidae Damage Bores and feeds on corn Characteristics: stalks 12  03/10/2024 Corn (Zea mays) C. Corn Seedling Maggot Scientific Name Atherigona oryzae Insect Order: Diptera: Muscidae Damage Yellowing of younger leaves Characteristics: and rotting of tissues 13  03/10/2024 Corn (Zea mays) D. Corn Aphids Scientific Name Rhopalosiphum maidis Insect Order: Homoptera: Aphididae Damage Stunted growth due to Characteristics: removal of sap if attacked 2- 3 weeks before tasseling; seedlings may wither and die if infested at early growth stages; leaf surface with sooty molds due to heavy deposits of honey dew. 14  03/10/2024 Corn (Zea mays) E. Corn Semilooper Scientific Name Chrysodeixis chalcites Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Damage Leaf blades of younger Characteristics: plants eaten up with only the midrib and parallel veins left; corn silk cut. 15  03/10/2024 Corn (Zea mays) F. Oriental Migratory Locust Scientific Name Locusta migratoria manilensis Insect Order: Orthoptera: Acrididae Damage Leaves are irregularly Characteristics: chewed. In serious cases, whole plants sometimes stripped bare. 16  03/10/2024 Stored Products Stored Grains A. Rice Weevil Scientific Name Sitophilus oryzae Insect Order: Coleoptera: Curculionidae Damage Feeds and lay eggs on Characteristics: stored grains 17  03/10/2024 Stored Grains B. Corn Weevil Scientific Name Sitophilus zeamais Insect Order: Coleoptera: Curculionidae Damage Feeds and lay eggs on Characteristics: stored grains 18  03/10/2024 Stored Grains C. Rice Moth Scientific Name Corcyra cephalonica Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Damage Feeds and lay eggs on Characteristics: stored grains Legumes 19  03/10/2024 Legumes A. Beanfly/Legume Seedling Fly Scientific Name Ophiomyia phaseoli Insect Order: Diptera: Agromyzidae Damage Attacked plants are stunted Characteristics: and yellow; often many are dead. Stems just above the soil level are thickened and usually cracked. Legumes B. Bean Pod Borer Scientific Name Etiella zinckenella Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Damage Larvae feed and make Characteristics: tunnels on the pods, causing stems to be partially stained dark and filled with pulpy excrement. 20  03/10/2024 Legumes C. Black Bean Aphid Scientific Name Aphis craccivora Insect Order: Homoptera: Aphididae Damage Some wilting results from Characteristics: the sap-sucking by the aphids. This is a vector of many plant viruses. 21  03/10/2024 Legumes D. Leafhoppers Scientific Name Empoasca ricei Insect Order: Hemiptera: Cidallidae Damage Sucks on plant saps Characteristics: 22  03/10/2024 Legumes E. Shield Bugs/Stink Bugs Scientific Name Nezara viridula, Plautia affinis Insect Order: Hemiptera: Pentatomidae Damage Sucks on leaves and bean Characteristics: pods Crucifers 23  03/10/2024 Crucifers A. Diamond-Back Moth (DBM) Scientific Name Plutella xylostella Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Plutellidae Damage Newly hatched caterpillar Characteristics: crawl underside the leaf, penetrate the epidermis and feed on the leaf tissue. Later instars feed on the underside of leaf causing “windows” or holes right through it 24  03/10/2024 Crucifers B. Common Cutworm Scientific Name Spodoptera litura Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Damage Soft epidermal tissues of Characteristics: leaves eaten by young larvae. While leaf tissues eaten by full-grown larvae, starting along the midribs towards the margins of leaves 25  03/10/2024 Crucifers C. Green Peach Aphid Scientific Name Myzus persicae Insect Order: Homoptera: Aphididae Damage Plant parts cease to grow in Characteristics: size, curl and crumple and lose color due to continuous sucking of sap. 26  03/10/2024 Crucifers D. 28-Spotted Lady Beetle Scientific Name Epilachna vigintisexpunctata philippinensis Insect Order: Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Damage Succulent portions of Characteristics: leaves are scraped off, the epidermis and veins, due to voracious feeding by both the larvae and adults. When pest is numerous, defoliation may result. 27  03/10/2024 Crucifers E. Ampalaya/Melon Fruitfly Scientific Name Bactrocera cucurbitae Insect Order: Diptera: Tephritidae Damage Stem and fruit rot due to Characteristics: maggots/larvae feeding on the stems and fruits. Severe cases lead to many fruit drops or decay of immature fruits. 28  03/10/2024 Crucifers F. Yellow Squash Beetle Scientific Name Aulacophora indica Insect Order: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Damage Adults feed on leaves while Characteristics: larvae feed on roots 29  03/10/2024 Solanaceaous Solanaceous A. Eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB) Scientific Name Leucinodes orbonalis Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae Damage The internal tissues of the Characteristics: fruit are devoured by the larvae. Shoots, midribs, petioles and flowers are also attacked. 30  03/10/2024 Solanaceous B. Tomato Fruitworm/Tobacco Budworm Scientific Name H. armigera Insect Order: Lepidoptera:Noctuidae Damage Fruits dry up and Characteristics: subsequently fall because larvae bore into the fruit and feed voraciously on the tissues. 31  03/10/2024 Solanaceous C. Eggplant Flea Beetle Scientific Name Psylliodes spp. Insect Order: Colleoptera:Chrysomelidae Damage Feeds on leaves, leaving Characteristics: tiny holes 32  03/10/2024 Malvaceous Crops 33  03/10/2024 Malvaceous Crops A. Cotton Stainers Scientific Name Dysdercus cingulatus, D. poecilus Insect Order: Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae Damage Feeds on mature pods and Characteristics: damages seeds when the pods break open 34  03/10/2024 Malvaceous Crops B. Cotton Bollworm Scientific Name Helicoverpa armigera Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Damage Feeds on cotton bolls Characteristics: 35  03/10/2024 Sweet potato Sweet potato A. Sweet Potato Weevil Scientific Name Cylas formicarius formicarius Insect Order: Coleoptera: Curculionidae Damage Tubers are tainted with Characteristics: disagreeable odor and bitter taste due to secondary infection by microorganisms on tubers bored or tunneled by larvae. 36  03/10/2024 Sweet potato B. Tortoise Beetles Scientific Name Cassida circumdata, Aspidiomorpha miliaris Insect Order: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Damage Irregular holes on leaves Characteristics: and if they occur in large numbers, plants are defoliated leaving only the stalks and midribs (both larvae and adult feed) 37  03/10/2024 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) 38  03/10/2024 Mango A. Mango leafhoppers Scientific Name Idioscopus niveosparsu Insect Order: Homopterta: Cicadellidae Damage Characteristics: Both nymph and adults suck juices on the leaves, inflorescence and flower stems causing them to wither, dry and fall-off, thereby preventing fruit formations. Sticky substance known as honeydew is secreted on which sooty molds develop which interfere with the photosynthetic activity of the leaves. 39  03/10/2024 Mango B. Mango Twig Borers Scientific Name Niphonoclea albata, N. capito Insect Order: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Damage Twigs are girdled resulting Characteristics: to drying and an eventual withering and death. Infested leaves do not have a chance to bloom and fruit production is reduced accordingly. Mango C. Oriental Fruitfly Scientific Name Bactrocera sp. Insect Order: Diptera: Tephritidae Damage Maggots which hatch Characteristics: from the eggs laid/inserted into the fruits, feed and destroy the tissue of the fruit 40  03/10/2024 Mango D. Mango Gall Midge/Cecid Fly Scientific Name Procontarinia spp. Insect Order: Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Damage P. pustulata – galls on Characteristics: mango leaves P. pobusta – galls on mango leaves P. frugivora – feeds on mango fruits 41 03/10/2024 42  03/10/2024 Banana (Musa sp.) Banana A. Banana Aphid Scientific Name Pentalonia nigronervosa Insect Order: Homoptera: Aphididae Damage Important as the vector of Characteristics: virus which causes bunchy top disease. This aphid also transmits 3 other plant viruses. 43  03/10/2024 Banana B. Banana Weevil Scientific Name Cosmopolites sordidus Insect Order: Coleoptera: Curculionidae Damage Larvae tunnel in the corm, Characteristics: damaging the root and vascular system 44  03/10/2024 Banana C. Banana Leafroller Scientific Name Erionota thrax Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Hespiriidae Damage Shred leaves and make Characteristics: numerous rolls of the leaf blade 45  03/10/2024 Banana D. Banana Thrips Scientific Name Thrips florum Insect Order: Thysanoptera: Thripidae Damage Cause discoloration, Characteristics: malformed buds, and scars the surface of young fruit Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) 46  03/10/2024 Coconut A. Rhinoceros Beetle Scientific Name Oryctes rhinoceros Insect Order: Coleoptera: Dynastidae Damage Adults eat the leaves and Characteristics: burrow into the crown, stunting plant development Coconut B. Asiatic Palm Weevil Scientific Name Rhynchoporus ferrugineus Insect Order: Coleoptera: Curculionidae Damage Grubs feed on soft tissues Characteristics: inside the stem and crown, leads to rot and ooze of brown liquid 47  03/10/2024 Coconut C. Coconut Leaf Beetle Scientific Name Brontispa longissima Insect Order: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Damage Feed on the soft tissues of Characteristics: the youngest leaf, leaves dry up, resulting in stunting and reduced coconut production 48  03/10/2024 Coconut D. Coconut Scale Insect Scientific Name Aspidiotus destructor, A. rigidus Insect Order: Hemiptera: Diaspididae Damage Feeds on the lower leaf Characteristics: surfaces, blocking the stomata and destroying the chlorophyll, tree crown may collapse Coffee and Cacao 49  03/10/2024 Coffee A. Coffee Berry Borer Scientific Name Hypothenemus hampei Insect Order: Coleoptera: Scolytidae Damage Larval feeding on the coffee Characteristics: seed causes premature fall of young berries, and increased vulnerability to secondary infection Cacao B. Mosquito Bug/Midrid Bug Scientific Name Helopeltis spp. Insect Order: Hemiptera: Miridae Damage Pods are deformed and may Characteristics: drop prematurely, also feed on young shoots and branches which cause dieback 50  03/10/2024 Cacao C. Pachyrrhynchid Weevil Scientific Name Pachyrrhynchus moniliferus Insect Order: Coleoptera: Curculionidae Damage Feeds on cacao pods Characteristics: Sugarcane 51  03/10/2024 Sugarcane A. June Beetle/Root Grub Scientific Name Leucopholis irrorata Insect Order: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Damage Feeds on roots of plants Characteristics: Sugarcane B. Sugarcane deadheart borer Scientific Name Tetramoera schistaceana Insect Order: Lepidoptera: Tortricidae Damage Larval feeding cause Characteristics: deadheart, distorted shoots, and broken stems 52  03/10/2024 Citrus Citrus A. Citrus Psyllid Scientific Name Diaphania citri Insect Order: Homoptera: Psyllidae Damage Transmits pathogen causing Characteristics: citrus greening or leaf mottling 53  03/10/2024 Citrus B. Citrus Green Locust Scientific Name Melicodes tenebrosa Insect Order: Orthoptera: Acrididae Damage Nymphs and adults feed on Characteristics: fruit and foliage. Nymphs being gregarious feed together and may defoliate a twig. THANK YOU 54