Smartwings Cabin Crew Operations Manual - Emergency Situations PDF

# Cabin Crew Operations Manual - Emergency Situations ## Chapter 3 - Emergency and Abnormal Situations ### 3.1 Emergency Situations * For emergency situations refer to G-MN-24 Emergency Procedures Cabin Crew. ### 3.2 Fire * An inflight fire, no matter how small, is probably the most dangerous s...

# Cabin Crew Operations Manual - Emergency Situations ## Chapter 3 - Emergency and Abnormal Situations ### 3.1 Emergency Situations * For emergency situations refer to G-MN-24 Emergency Procedures Cabin Crew. ### 3.2 Fire * An inflight fire, no matter how small, is probably the most dangerous situation encountered on board. * Even a small fire unless quickly and effectively brought under control, can have devastating consequences in the confined space of an aircraft cabin. * In as little as 30 seconds, an in-flight fire can become uncontrollable releasing toxic smoke and gases. * It is vital that you know how to detect, identify and rapidly extinguish any fire that may break out. * Attention should be directed to the lavatories. * Any in-flight fire **SHALL** be reported immediately to Captain/flight crew. ### 3.2.1 Principles of Combustion * Combustion is a chemical reaction. * All fires consist of three elements - the triangle of fire - when one of these is removed the fire will go out. #### Picture 3-1 - Triangle of fire | | | | ---------------- | -------------------------------- | | **Fuel** | Anything that will burn | | **Oxygen** | Oxygen is in the air | | **Heat** | Source of ignition e.g. matches, lighters, electrical cables shorting. | * **Removal of fuel** is known as **STARVING the fire**. * **Removal of oxygen** is known as **SMOTHERING the fire**. * **Removal of heat** is known as **COOLING the fire**. * The successful extinguishing of any fire relies on these techniques either singly or in combination, for example: 1. Use of liquids such as water, juice, tea, coffee will **COOL** the fire. 2. A fire blanket or lid **SMOTHERS** the fire. 3. Isolating the fuel by turning off the supply or moving unaffected material away from the fire will **STARVE it of fuel**. ### 3.2.2 Classification of Fire * Fires are classified as A, B, C and D types of fires. * Each class of fire has its recommended extinguishing agents, e.g., water poured over a burning seat would effectively extinguish the fire. * Nevertheless, the same action taken when dealing with an electrical fire would intensify the fire and conduct electricity to the fire fighter causing injury or death. #### **Class A: Flammable Solids** #### Picture 3-2 - Flammable Solids label **A** (1) Paper (2) Wood (3) Cloth (4) Rubber, plastic * Solids, usually of an organic nature, in which combustion takes place with the formation of glowing embers, e.g. wood, papers, rubber,...content of trash containers and luggage. * When these materials have been extinguished with BCF/BTP, always smother embers with a liquid to prevent re-ignition. * **Smoke:** Greyish or brown in colour, quite thick, depending on the quantity of fuel. * **Extinguishing agent:** This type of fire needs to be cooled and quenched by using water. Use water-glycol fire extinguisher or any non-flammable liquid. Water (H₂O) saturates material and prevents rekindling. Liquids available on board to use are water, juices, tea, etc. BCF/BTP may be used if it is the closest extinguisher available, but the area needs to be dampened down with non-flammable liquid afterwards. #### **Class B: Flammable Liquids, Gases** #### Picture 3-3 - Flammable Liquids, Gases label **B** (1) oil, grease, cooking fats (2) tar, oil-based paint, lacquer (3) hydraulic fluid (4) aircraft fuel - gasoline (5) flammable gases (butane lighter gas, oxygen, etc.) * **Flammable liquids and gases where smothering action is required**. Flam, liquid vapours are burning. * **Smoke:** Usually black in colour, very thick, very distinct, oil/petrol - like odor. * **Extinguishing agent:** Smothering action is required - use BCF (halon 1211)/BTP. Never use water/liquid to extinguish or cool. #### **Class C: Electrical, Electrical Equipment** #### Picture 3-4 - Electrical, Electrical Equipment **C** (1) Energized electrical equipment (2) Started by short circuit or faulty wiring (3) Electronic, electrical, galley equipment * Live electrical equipment: lighting panels coffee makers, PSU fires, side-wall panels. * Fires are started by short circuit or faulty wiring. Electricity itself does not burn but it is dangerous because of its reaction with some types of extinguishers, e.g., water, etc. * **Smoke:** Usually light grey, nearly white with a bluish tinge. Very fine smoke can disperse rapidly. Has a distinct acrid odor. * **Extinguishing agent:** The emphasis is placed on extinguishing the fire with an element that is non-conductive and avoids damage to nearby electrical circuitry - use BCF/BTP. Never use water/liquid to extinguish or cool. #### **Class D - Flammable or Combustible Metals (additional information)** #### Picture 3-5 Flammable or Combustible Metals label **D** * Magnesium * Sodium * Potassium * Titanium * Zirconium other flammable metals * BCF/BTP does not extinguish D fires – metal does not need O₂ to burn. Even water will „burn“ on it. * **Smoke:** white smoke - sign of metal burning * **Extinguishing agent:** 'dry powder' extinguishing agent can be used. Common firefighting materials can excite metal fires and make them worse, approved D class extinguishers shall be used (extinguishing agent will cover the metal fire and confine). Never use BCF/BTP – run away. * **Note:** The wrong extinguisher could do more harm than good. Water on flammable liquid fires spread the fire. Water on a live electrical fire could cause severe shock or death. ### 3.2.3 Categories - Size and Intensity of Fire * **Remember: ACT QUICKLY AND ATTACK THE FIRE IMMEDIATELY.** * If there is a small fire and the first CC member in attendance can, without inhaling smoke from the fire or fumes from the BCF/BTP, fight the fire, then, CC should immediately discharge the nearest BCF/BTP to attack the fire. * Speed is essential as fire can spread very quickly. * CC shall not compromise their safety. #### Stage 1: 1. Fire can be extinguished quickly using non-flammable liquids. 2. Fire can be extinguished quickly, without inhaling smoke from the fire or fumes from the BCF/BTP. 3. Fire is small enough to discharge BCF/BTP only partially. #### Stage 2: 1. Fire is not out after using stage 1. 2. The entire content of more than one BCF/BTP is required. 3. It is necessary to enter a confined space (lavatory or flight deck where the fumes from a BCF/BTP will quickly fill the entire space). 4. Fire is visibly severe. 5. There are large quantities of smoke. 6. There is danger of inhalation of smoke or BCF/BTP fumes. ### 3.2.4 Locating and Identifying of the Source of the Fire * Constant checks of the cabin should be made, especially the toilet areas, throughout the flight. * In an inflight fire, find out following: 1. Where is the fire located? 2. What is the source of the fire? 3. How severe is the fire? 4. Which extinguishing agent can be used? 5. Can immediate action be taken (small fires, pax luggage, etc.)? 6. Is the fire under control? * **FOUR „S":** * **SITE** * **SOURCE** * **SEVERITY** * **SMOKE** ### 3.2.5 Cabin Crew Fire Fighting Drill * Each CC member **SHALL** shout out what role he is performing. * Due to smoke, panic, etc. all CC members shall communicate to each other, touch, hold the hand on a colleague's shoulder, etc. * Cabin crew shall assume the following position: #### Fire Fighter: * The crew who discovers the fire or is informed by the passengers. * He shall immediately fight the fire: 1. Collect appropriate fire-fighting equipment. 2. Identify source and type of fire. 3. Switch off any electrical supply involved. 4. Attack fire immediately. 5. Simultaneously with the above action, attract attention of a second crew member who becomes the „**Communicator**" (by shouting command „**BACKUP**", use the CC call button, etc.). #### Communicator: * Shall alert Captain/Flight crew asap. * Having alerted Captain, the Communicator shall keep him fully informed of the situation. * Captain shall be told: 1. Who is speaking and where from. 2. Where the fire or smoke is. 3. Fire source, if it has been established. 4. Details of smoke - colour, thickness. 5. How many extinguishers have been used. 6. Reaction of passengers and situation in the cabin. #### Assistant/s: 1. Bring back-up fire fighting equipment and PBE. 2. Shall be prepared to take over the first fire fighter position. 3. If PBE or protective gloves needed – put it on first, then take over the first fire fighter position. 4. Remove portable oxygens from the area. 5. Remove all emergency equipment and luggage etc. around. 6. Control the passengers. Use clear commands and non-verbal communication to control pax. Keep the eye contact. Distribute wet towels, advise pax to bend down and stay at floor level, where the smoke density is thinner (To make pax bend down – CC have to bend down). 7. Move pax as appropriate, use other crew members to help. 8. Once the fire fighter and assistants have the same level of protection, either one may continue to fight the fire and the other/s provide back-up support. ### 3.2.6 Specific Fires #### 3.2.6.1 Oven 1. Switch oven off. 2. Close door if open. 3. Pull circuit breaker. 4. Use BCF/BTР. 5. Open door slightly enough for extinguisher nozzle. 6. Use oven door as a shield. 7. Discharge BCF/BTР into oven. 8. Keep the door closed and do not open until smoke has subsided. 9. Repeat as necessary until fire is out. 10. Remove content and dampen. Monitor for re-ignition – in clear area (galley), stow for landing (lavatory, trolley). #### 3.2.6.2 Waste Containers * Depends on intensity: * If there is smoke without flames: 1. Use any nonflammable liquid or water extinguisher to dampen contents. 2. Check for re-ignition. * If flames are present: 1. Discharge BCF/BTP into top of the container/bin. 2. Dampen the content and monitor for re-ignition. 3. Close top and discharge more BCF/BTP if necessary. #### 3.2.6.3 Overhead Lockers 1. Feel the overhead locker with the back of the hand to find the heat source. 2. Open the overhead locker slowly and discharge BCF/BTP (this should be done from the opposite end from where heat source has been located). 3. Close the overhead locker. 4. Ensure the fire is out. 5. Remove contents from stowage and place into a plastic bag, container, galley unit – use water or non-flammable liquid to dampen down. 6. Check adjacent lockers and surrounding areas for signs of heat, smoke or fire. 7. Monitor the area for the rest of the flight. 8. A/C with sky interior – be aware of higher caution while opening the overhead locker, as it is heavier, in higher position and to be opened in the opposite direction. #### 3.2.6.4 Seat 1. If flames are present use BCF/BTP. 2. Dampen down with non-flammable liquid. 3. Mind the IFE system wiring and controls mounted in the seat. 4. Check surrounding area and monitor for the rest of the flight. #### 3.2.6.5 Electrical * In case of an electrical fire, there is likely to be a smell of burning followed by smoke prior to the appearance of any flames. 1. Immediately isolate the electrical supply: switch off and pull the circuit breakers - by CC or FC depending on location and type of electrical device. 2. Standby with BCF/BTP and check all surrounding areas. 3. If flames are present discharge BCF/BTP. 4. Monitor for the rest of the flight and ensure that all the electrical supply remains disconnected. 5. The affected system shall not be used for the rest of the flight #### 3.2.6.6 Lavatory * Feel the lavatory door with the back of the hand. * If the door is hot: 1. Open door slightly enough for extinguisher nozzle. 2. Discharge BCF/BTP into the lavatory, from the top to the bottom. 3. Close the door. 4. Unless done before putting on PBE, protective gloves, enter the lavatory and try to locate the source of fire. 5. Discharge BCF/BTP onto affected area. 6. Soak with water/liquid to cool non-electrical fires. 7. Monitor for re-ignition. * If the door is cool: 1. Open door slightly, use the door as a shield. 2. Check for fire source. 3. Discharge BCF/BTP onto affected area. 4. Soak with water/liquid to cool non-electrical fires. 5. Monitor for re-ignition – in clear area (galley), stow for landing (lavatory, trolley). #### 3.2.6.7 Person on Fire * Extinguish with blankets or clothes. Do not use any fire extinguishers. * Provide first aid as quickly as possible. #### 3.2.6.8 Portable Electronic Devices (PED) * Items containing Lithium batteries: mobile phones, laptop computers, on board computers, video and still cameras handheld games, etc. Though the battery burns out itself, the fire may cause severe harm to anyone in the immediate vicinity from individual cells that could be propelled out of the battery pack. There are many cells which bum after each other. * **Option 1:** Use fire and smoke containment bag - for procedure refer to CCOM, chapter 4.4.5. * **Option 2:** 1. Switch off PED (if possible!). 2. Use BCF/BTP to cut the flames. 3. Obtain container of cold water (ice is not working – stays on the top). 4. Fully submerge PED in water. 5. Use water fire extinguisher. #### 3.2.6.9 Flight Deck * Fire and smoke will be dealt with by the flight crew. * This fire is most likely to be electrical. The flight crew will isolate relevant electrical circuits and use a BCF/BTP to extinguish the fire. * **WARNING:** If a BCF/BTP fire extinguisher is to be discharged on the flight deck area, all flight crew members shall wear oxygen masks and use 100% oxygen with emergency selected. * The flight crew may require the assistance of cabin crew to bring additional BCF/BTP and equipment. * **Note:** If a PED fire occurs in the flight deck, it shall be extinguished outside the flight deck preferably in the front galley. #### 3.2.6.10 Under Floor Fires Including Freight-Cargo Hold * In an under-floor fire it may not be possible to gain access to the fire source, for example the hold area. Heat radiating from the floor can help establish the location of the fire source. This information shall be passed to the Captain immediately. Though there are fire extinguishers fixed in the hold area which can be activated from the flight deck, the cabin crew shall be ready for a case of their failure. * CC shall continually monitor for smoke, fumes and changes in temperature and be prepared to commence fire fighting, should a fire break into the cabin area. A ready supply of BCF/BTP, PBE and other equipment should be available in the suspected area. * Materials such as curtains, blankets, etc., should be dampened down to block smoke entry to the cabin. * **Note:** Always use the back of your hand to check the temperature on the door/cover. If electricity is present, it would cause the cramps to muscles - touched with the back of your hand - it makes your fist clench and jump away - if you were to hold your hand/fist the other way, your hand would clench and tighten around wiring, etc. Always check the door from bottom up. * **Note:** Always protect yourself when using a BCF (halon 1211)! Hal on is very toxic and under high pressure. Use PBE. If not protected with PBE: discharge halon for max 2 seconds protect your face and run away. When spraying halon against the surface (5-10cm) it becomes liquid. Better stand back approx. 1 m ### 3.2.7 Smoke and Fumes * The quantity or location of smoke may give little indication as to the size or location of the fire. * Similarly, the smell of burning may not directly reveal the source of the fire. * A fire behind paneling can cause smoke or fumes to appear in different parts of the cabin and locating the source of the smoke is vital. * The main danger in an in-flight fire is from the toxic fumes created which may result in death from suffocation. The cabin interior is made from a combination of man-made materials which produce dense toxic fumes when a heat source is introduced. * As heat is present these fumes rise. Therefore in the confined space of the cabin these toxic and very hot fumes will collect in the ceiling area. * In the confined space of an aircraft cabin, toxic fumes and gases will collect in a very short time and displace the breathable air. * The physical effects of smoke on an individual would be watering eyes, disorientation, choking, asphyxiation, and panic. #### Protection 1. Passengers should be moved away from the area where possible and told to keep their heads down as low as possible where the smoke density is thinner, giving them wet headrest covers, towels or other materials to put over their nose and mouth to assist their breathing. 2. CC shall protect themselves by donning PBE #### Smoke Removal Procedure 1. Advise CPT immediately of the situation and if the smoke is severe request smoke removal, if possible. 2. Obtain firefighting equipment and investigate the source. 3. Smoke is a by-product of fire and if there are no visual signs of flames, check the area to see if heat is present. If a hot area is found, remove all combustible materials to help prevent the fire from spreading. 4. CPT will initiate a descent to an altitude where the cabin pressure will be equalized. Smoke will be carried away by air flow. 5. The Captain should advise the passengers of the situation and divert the aircraft to the nearest suitable airport. CPT will agree with the SCC actions upon landing. ### 3.2.8 Cabin Fire Procedures Checklist #### Table 3-1 - Cabin Fire Procedures Checklist | | | | | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------- | | **Fire and Smoke** | Localize fire source and call the other CC by command “BACKUP”, CC call button, etc. | **First CC** | | **Fire Source** | Test the fire extinguisher and fight fire immediately | **First CC** | | **PBE/Hood** | Don as necessary | **First CC** | | **Flight Deck Crew and Cabin Crew Communication with Flight Deck** | Inform and assist | **Second CC** | | **Additional Fire Extinguishers** | Maintain | **Other CCs** | | | Inform Flight deck immediately in case the fire is not extinguished | | | **Oxygen Bottles Near Fire** | Remove | **Other CCs** | | **Electric Switches and Circuit Breakers in Dangerous Area** | Switch off/pull out | **Other CCs** | | **Passengers Near Fire** | Send away, control | **Other CCs** | | **Hand Luggage Near Fire** | Remove | **Other CCs** | | **PBE/Hood** | Don and provide for other CC | **Other CCs** | | **Protective Gloves, Crash Axe** | Keep ready and don as necessary | **Other CCs** | | **Blankets and Extinguishing Liquids** | Keep ready and use as necessary | **Other CCs** | | **Air Vents Near Fire** | Close | **Other CCs** | | **Announcement for Pax - Smoke** | Asap | **SCC** | | **Fire Extinguished** | Monitor for re-ignition | **All CCs** | ### 3.3 Decompression * **IOSA CAB 1.6.1(iii)(b); IOSA CAB 3.2.1, IOSA CAB 3.2.8, IOSA CAB 3.3.3(vm), IOSA CAB 3.3.5, IOSA CAB 3.4.3** #### Decompression types: 1. **Slow** 2. **Rapid (explosive)** #### Slow decompression: * It may be the result of faulty door seal, malfunction in the pressurization system or a cracked window. * It is a very gradual decrease in cabin pressure which may not be obvious. * Its signs and symptoms may include popping and pain in the ears, stomach pain, lack of coordination, hypoxia. * CC shall be always alert to PAX/CC for symptoms of hypoxia, if symptoms noted, CC shall notify CPT immediately. #### Rapid decompression (explosive): * It is sudden, caused by structural damage/malfunction in the pressurization system. * When there is a loss of cabin pressure and cabin altitude exceeds 14,000ft, the oxygen mask stowage doors at PSU will open and the masks will drop. * The pre-recorded announcement (where fitted) will start playing automatically. * **Note:** If there is no automatic announcement and/or if there is no passengers' reaction, CC may shout the command: **DON YOUR MASKS, FASTEN YOUR SEATBELTS**. * However, CCMs shall be aware of the effects of hypoxia and shouting of the commands shall be safe for them. Therefore, the use of gestures/non-verbal commands is recommended. *(CZ) **NASAĎTE MASKY, PŘIPOUTEJTE SE**; (SK) **NASAĎTE SI MASKY, PRIPÚTAJTE SA**; (HU) **MASZKOT FEL, ÖVEKET BECSATOLNI**; (PL) **ZAŁOŻYĆ MASKI, ZAPIĄĆ PASY**; (FR) **METTEZ VOTRE MASQUE, ATTACHEZ VOTRE CEINTURE**). * The flight crew will accomplish the emergency procedures for **DECOMPRESSION/EMERGENCY DESCENT** according to Operations Manual requirements. #### CC Decompression Drill * **Immediate action:** 1. **DON OXYGEN MASK** - don the nearest oxygen mask as fast as possible 2. **FASTEN SEATBELT** - sit down on the nearest available seat and fasten seatbelt 3. **SECURE AGAINST THE MOVEMENT AND BRAKE THEM** - trolleys in the cabin * **Note.** Check time, if possible. * **Note:** FC issue the command **ATTENTION, RAPID DESCENT** to make you aware of the situation and simultaneously inform you that they are conscious. * **Note:** If there is not any command from FC, A/C does not start to descend, only masks drop down, CC shall contact FC immediately. * **Note:** FC issue the command **ATTENTION, RAPID DESCENT**, however, the oxygen masks are not deployed: if possible, CC return to their stations, secure and brake the trolleys, secure galley and lavatory. SCC contacts the flight crew immediately. Should the oxygen mask drop down meanwhile, CC follow **DECOMPRESSION DRILL** (see above). #### After rapid descent (await Captain's instructions): 1. **PREPARE PORTABLE OXYGEN EQUIPMENT + MRT** (it serves for opening blocked oxygen mask compartment doors if oxygen masks are required to be used). 2. **CHECK FLIGHT CREW AND OTHER CREW MEMEBERS**. 3. **ASSIST PASSENGERS:** * (a) Check and fit oxygen mask for the unconscious passengers. * (b) Check masks of remaining passengers. * (c) Check toilets for passengers who may require assistance. * (d) Distribute blankets to passengers. 4. **PREPARE CABIN FOR (EMERGENCY) LANDING** #### Table 3-2 Emergency Descent | **Phrases and Signals** | **Period of the Time** | | ---------------------- | --------------------------- | | **Attention, Rapid Descent** | Immediately when emergency descent is needed | | **Rapid Descent Completed - Continue Using Oxygen** | *Descent is completed above 10,000ft due to obstacle* | | **or** | | | **Cabin Crew Resume Your Duties** | After descent | * **Should the following command be issued - RAPID DESCENT COMPLETED - CONTINUE USING OXYGEN: CC remain seated using oxygen mask and only if needed they will use oxygen from oxygen bottles, if necessary they proceed to check the cabin.** ### 3.4 Incapacitation of Crew Members * **IOSA CAB 3.2.1, IOSA CAB 3.2.8, IOSA CAB 3.3.3(vi); IOSA CAB 3.1.1 ** * A crew member incapacitation means any influence over his health condition during his duty, injury included, which has the effect that he cannot perform his duties on board in a determined manner. * If the commander has a legitimate suspicion that a crew member is incapacitated, he shall request medical check at authorized medical center as soon as possible. The partial or complete loss of a flight crew member's ability to fly an airplane is considered an endangerment of flight safety. Healthy crew members should discover and confirm this fact as soon as possible. After confirmation, determined procedures shall be carried out immediately. #### 3.4.1 Types of Incapacitation * **Evident incapacitation**, means overall functional collapse and loss of abilities. This is generally very recognizable. Heart disorders, brain strokes, strong internal bleeding, etc. may be possible causes. * **Minor incapacitation-** considered a more important endangerment to operation as it is difficult to find and may range from a partial loss of abilities to a complete loss of consciousness. Minor brain occurrence low blood sugar level and other health problems related to e.g., work or mental overload may be possible causes. As the concerned crew members need not be necessarily aware of these problems or are not able to assess their health conditions rationally, this type of incapacitation is a very dangerous one. #### 3.4.2 Recognition of Incapacitation * The timely recognition of an incapacitation is very important. A silent collapse may not necessarily be noticed during standard flight conditions e.g., while flying at a cruising altitude when communication may be limited to a minimum. This requires the careful mutual monitoring of crew members. * "Closely" means observing the other crew members for any "abnormal” reaction/action or behaviour. One method is to use the so called "**TWO WAY COMMUNICATION RULE.**" This means that one crew member's comment shall be answered by the other crew member. * **Symptoms of the beginning of an incapacitation are:** 1. Incoherent speech 2. Strange behaviour 3. Irregular breathing 4. Pale and fixed facial expression. 5. Jerky motions that are either delayed or too rapid. #### 3.4.3 Procedures After Recognition of FC Member Incapacitation * **IOSA CAB 3.3.5.** #### First Step 1. **Take over control of the airplane by announcing "MY CONTROL."** 2. Ensure the correct control of the airplane by autopilot, check the positions of the most important controls and switches. 3. Declare ATC an urgency or emergency - whichever is applicable. 4. Call cabin crew to the cockpit by PA „**PURSER TO THE FLIGHT DECK"**or **PURSER TO THE INTERPHONE** or 6 times chime. Purser or other cabin crew is obligated to immediately contact flight deck. 5. Fasten the incapacitated crew member in the seat and if possible, move the seat back and recline it. If possible, place the incapacitated crew member out of the flight deck with the help of a cabin crew. Assess the possibility to use FC members on board who are not on duty. 6. If necessary, reset COM and NAV to your side. #### Second Step 1. CC should arrange for the first aid. If there is a doctor among passengers, obtain his/her help. 2. Arrange a landing as soon as practicable after considering all pertinent factors. 3. Arrange medical assistance after landing and give as many details about the condition of the affected crewmember as possible. #### Third Step 1. Prepare cockpit and passenger cabin for landing but do not press for a hasty approach. 2. Perform approach checklist earlier than normal (request assistance from other crewmembers or "capable" persons). 3. Request radar vectoring and make an extended approach – where possible – to reduce workload. 4. Organize work after landing – arrangements for stopping of the airplane and having the incapacitated crew member offloaded to the ambulance as quickly as possible #### 3.4.4 Procedures After Recognition of CC Member Incapacitation * **IOSA CAB 3.3.5, IOSA CAB 3.2.1** * In case of a CC member incapacitation (strong sickness, injury, fainting) SCC or other crew member notifies CPT by interphone (see following table) and takes the following steps: 1. **Administers oxygen to the incapacitated CC and provides first aid if necessary.** 2. **One CC oversees the affected CC and another crew member tries to get qualified assistance.** 3. **When communicating with FC, He specifies whom it concerns, the type of incapacitation, what first aid was provided, and further steps taken in the situation.** 4. **The crew selects a suitable procedure for landing (instructs to fix the immobile body in a PAX seat using the seat belts and additional belts and/or in JPS in order to prevent emergency exit blocking).** The crew member may be fixed on JPS only when time does not permit to move the immobile body to pax cabin (final approach, etc.). 5. **The crew sets an alternative procedure considering the safety and allocation of emergency exits to the remaining crew members.** * The sequence of command in normal situations, emergency situations (including incapacitation) is following: 1. SCC 2. The other CC member with a minimum of 3 months experience designated on 2L position during the briefing 3. The other CC members according to their seniority * 2L position will substitute SCC in his duties in case of incapacitation, in normal and in emergency situations unless CCI or CCE are on board. The same succession of command is followed in case of in-flight rest. * In case SCC is not capable to perform his duties or makes serious mistakes then CCI or CCE will take over the command. * In case of any other CC member incapacitation: CCM is replaced by other CC member according to his seniority as follows: #### Table 3-3a, b, c CC incapacitation | Incapacitated / unavailable CCM | 2L | 2R | 4R* | | ----------------------------- | --- | --- | ---- | | SCC | SCC | 1R (if on higher level of seniority than 2R) | 2R | | SCC (1L) | 2L | 2R (if on higher level of seniority than 1R) | 1R | | 1R | SCC | 2L (if on higher level of seniority than 2R) | 2R | | 2L | SCC | 2R (if on higher level of seniority than 1R) | 1R | | 2R | SCC | 2L | 2R | | 4R* | SCC | 2L | 1R | * (*PROCEDURES FOR B737-MAX8, 700, 900, A220, A320 ARE NOT APPLICABLE FOR TVQ*) * For more details, refer to CCOM, Chapter 2.12 PROCEDURES WITH REDUCED NUMBER OF CABIN CREW #### 3.4.5 Prevention from Incapacitation * It is obvious that a healthier lifestyle may reduce the number of occurrences of crew member incapacitation. This includes avoidance of drugs, moderate consumption of alcohol, adequate rest time – and its proper use for recreation – adequate sleep and nutrition but also the avoidance of stress in your business and private life. If a crew member does not feel well, he shall refuse flight duty. OM-A, Chapter 6 covers the subject of health precautions. #### 3.4.6 Flight Deck Seat/FC Member Manipulation * **A. IF PILOT IS NOT BREATHING** 1. Call another crew member for help and remove pilot from Flight Deck. Announce for doctor onboard and administer First Aid. 2. Check if a type of qualified company pilot is on board to replace the incapacitated crew member. 3. One experienced cabin crew member (not SCC) shall remain in Flight deck to read check list for pilot left in command. * **B. IF PILOT IS BREATHING** 1. Recline seat back. 2. Secure pilots' arms inside harness, tighten and manually lock the shoulder harness. 3. Slide the seat in completely aft position. 4. Put feet away from pedals and place behind metal steps. 5. Open airways and check breathing. 6. Put on quick donning mask on emergency flow. 7. Quick donning mask should be used primarily and should be changed to portable oxygen bottle as soon as possible. 8. One experienced cabin crew member (not SCC) shall remain in Flight deck to look after Incapacitated pilot and/or read check list for pilot left in command. * **Picture 3-6 Manipulation with Unconscious FC Member** * **Note:** It takes 2 people to remove the dead weight of an unconscious body from a seat without endangering any controls and switches. ### 3.5 Rejected Take Off * Take off may be rejected (aborted) for various reasons, e.g., technical fault, fire alarm, obstacle on the runway, risk of collision with birds or animals, FC incapacitation, decision of the ATC or anytime by CPT's decision. * After aborted take off CPT shall announce "**ATTENTION, ALL PASSENGERS REMAIN SEATED**" * As soon as it is safe and practicable, SCC performs announcement to PAX (**SCC ANN: Aborted take off**). CPT's announcement should follow afterwards. This announcement explains the exact reason for aborted take off and expected process of the situation (repeated take off, return to the stand, etc.). * If applicable, CC perform check of PAX cabin after leaving the runway or before the next take off. * Aborted take off does not automatically mean the initiation of emergency evacuation. CC always follow CPT's instructions. ### 3.6 Precautionary Disembarkation * There can be a non-standard situation when it is necessary to disembark PAX out of A/C as soon as possible as a precautionary measure (e.g. fuel spillage, fire in the vicinity, etc.). If the situation is not critical, nevertheless, it could develop unexpectedly, CPT may decide to use **PRECAUTIONARY DISEMBARKATION** to get PAX out fast without injuries. ### 3.7 Precautionary Landing * Landing at the scheduled or alternate airport due to technical fault or another reason which could influence the safety of the flight or persons on board when emergency evacuation after landing is NOT expected. The CPT informs CC and passengers about the decision to perform a precautionary landing. CPT informs SCC by inter-phone or personally about: 1. The character of the situation. 2. His intentions. 3. Time and place of landing. 4. Other necessary information. * The SCC informs other CC members and together prepare the cabin for precautionary landing – according to CCOM, Chapter 1.14.2. Cabin Check – Descent. Passengers are appropriately informed and