MIL.docx

MIL **MEDIA LITERACY** ▪ It is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, assess, process and create MEDIA. ▪ It involves the knowledge, skills, and values that enable a person to critically understand media and actively participate in it. ▪ It develops CRITICAL THINKING when analyzing different...

MIL **MEDIA LITERACY** ▪ It is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, assess, process and create MEDIA. ▪ It involves the knowledge, skills, and values that enable a person to critically understand media and actively participate in it. ▪ It develops CRITICAL THINKING when analyzing different forms of media. -It not only enables people to interpret and make informed judgments as consumers of media, but also makes them become producers of media in their own right. It develops people's creative and critical abilities. **INFORMATION LITERACY** ▪ It emphasizes on defining needs and problems, relevant information and using it critically, responsibly or ethically. ▪ It is the ability to recognize what INFORMATION is needed and how he will access, locate, evaluate, and use it effectively. ▪ It allows a person to identify which among the information are RELEVANT. ▪ It enriches the knowledge and enhances the comprehension of an individual. It is strongly associated with the concepts of learning to learn and making decisions. **TECHNOLOGY LITERACY** ▪ It is the ability to use modern-day TOOLS to get, manage, apply, evaluate, create, and communicate information. ▪ It is also known as computer literacy. ▪ It provides convenience, advancement and efficiency in communicating information. **SUMMARY** - **MEDIA LITERACY** refers to how an individual can use the different types of media in communicating information (means). - **INFORMATION LITERACY** refers to how a person is able to look for relevant information from various media with the help of technology (matter). - **TECHNOLOGY LITERACY** pertains to how a send information through different media platforms (method). **MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY** THREE MAIN TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES 1\. Primary Sources 2\. Secondary Sources 3\. Tertiary Sources **PRIMARY SOURCES** -- considered as original or genuine materials such as artifacts, documents, letters, scientific data and records of political, economic, artistic, scientific, social and intellectual thoughts and achievements. -- provide concrete evidence that people used in the past -- include first person or eyewitness accounts **Examples:** pottery, ornaments, accessories,artifacts, autobiographies, face to face interviews, photographs, works of art and literature, speeches, original documents, research data, audio and video recordings **SECONDARY SOURCES** -- documents made after an event has taken place -- give second-hand account (created by someone who used a primary source as reference) -- provides another angle/ perspective from a different person -- example: history books, text books, articles from magazines, journals and newspapers, works of criticism and interpretation, commentaries **TERTIARY SOURCES** -- publications that summarize and digest the information in primary and secondary sources to provide background on a topic, area, or event -- Example: encyclopedias, almanacs, manuals **WHAT IS INDIGENOUS?** It means native, local, originating or produced naturally in a particular community, region or locality. **WHAT IS INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE?** -It is knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or society; most often it is not written down. It is a rich body of information developed from experience and handed down by word of mouth from generation to generation. **INDIGENOUS MEDIA** -- owned, controlled, experienced and managed by indigenous people of a community -- Information is useful for community-level decision making such as health, child care, education, agriculture, livelihood, food preparation, conflict resolution and culture-related topics such as festivals, songs, dances, clothes and local stories. (UNESCO) **INDIGENOUS MEDIA** Examples include: -- stories, songs or poetry, drama, dance, paintings, and other art forms; -- community gatherings such as fiestas and rituals such as baptism; -- direct observation of practices such as preparation of meals; -- documents and other written records; and -- oral instruction of a skill. **Community Stories Examples** -- legend (alamat) fiction which tells about the origin of something -- folktale (kwentong bayan) narration about the characteristics of the time and place in which the story is told -- epic (epiko) heroic adventure of the main characters that sometimes possesses extraordinary powers -- mythology (mitolohiya) stories tells lives of mortals that are influenced by the gods, with focus on creation **THINGS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING INFORMATION** ✓ Reliability ✓ Accuracy ✓ Value ✓ Authority ✓ Timeliness **RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION** -Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information. **ACCURACY OF INFORMATION** -Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. **VALUE OF INFORMATION** -Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions. **AUTHORITY OF INFORMATION** -Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject. **TIMELINESS OF INFORMATION** -Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. It may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). **MIL** **Who is a producer?** -A person who targets audiences by catering to their interests and providingplatforms that would suit their needs and preferences (Magpile, 2016) **What is an audience?** -A group of spectators in apublic event (Magpile,2016) **Who are stakeholders?** **-**A group of people or organization that has the same interest or concern with a particular group (Magpile, 2016) -They are the direct beneficiaries of what the media produce. They are the ones whose needs are satisfied. (Magpile, 2016) **What is language?** -pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate ideas, information and knowledge. (Media and Information Literacy TG, 2016) **What are media languages?** codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience. (Media and Information Literacy TG, 2016) **CODE**- are systems of signs, which create meaning **CONVENTION**- a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing behavior (MIL TG) **TYPES OF CODES** **Technical Codes**-ways in which equipment is used to tell the story (camera techniques, framing, depth of fields, lighting and etc.) -include sound, camera angles, types of shots and lighting. **SOUNDS** [Major sounding scales and chords] with their brighter cheerer sound [Minor scale and chords] with their darker and sadder sound **CAMERA SHOTS** **EXTREME LONG SHOT** \- covers a wide area, thus, framing the subject including a vast amount of its surroundings. -often used to provide context for the scene or show far transportation. \- also called extreme wide shots such as a large crowd scene or a view of scenery as far as the horizon. It depicts distance, thus,covering a huge area. **LONG SHOT** \- Intended to show a setting within a certain distance \- Does not cover great distances unlike the previous one **MEDIUM LONG SHOT** \- shows a group of people in interaction with each other with part of their surroundings in the picture **FULL SHOT** \- shows the subject fully, from head to toe in order to show action -used for dialogue sequences, and they allow the viewer to pick up on the character\'s movements and gestures. **MEDIUM SHOT** \- shows a subject down to his/her waist, or chest (medium close up) -commonly used for interviews or newscasting because it directs the viewers to the subject **CLOSE UP SHOT** \- a full-screen shot of a subject's face showing the finest nuances of expression **EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT** \- a shot of a hand, eye, mouth, or any object in detail -removes all possible distractions, thus focusing on the minute details **CAMERA ANGLES** **Aerial Shot** \- Overhead Shot \- also called Bird's Eye Shot \- long or extreme long shot of the ground from the air **High-Angle Shot** -Camera is positioned looking down. -shows people or objects from above higher than eye level \- makes the subject look weak or vulnerable **Low-Angle Shot** -Camera is positioned facing upwards \- shows people or objects from below, lower than eye level \- subject looks more dominant and powerful **Eye-Level Shot** \- views a subject from the level of a person's eye -neutral, normal viewing level -gives the viewer sense of equality **Canted/Dutch Angle** -an intentional camera tilt -camera is not leveled in the horizon -aims to make the viewers uneasy and creates imbalance **Symbolic Codes-** show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc. ) **Written Codes-** use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc. MIL Piracy is stealing of one's intellectual property. It is the unauthorized reproduction or use of a copyrighted material for profit. **INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP)** refers to creations of the mind,such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce **REPUBLIC ACT 8293- INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES** **WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY?** **1.Copyrigh**t a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture and films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps and technical drawings. **2. Patent** an exclusive right granted for an invention (something that has never been made before, a new device, method, or process developed from study and experimentation) **3. Trademarks** a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT **4. Industrial Design** constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color 5\. Geographical Indications and Names/Appellations of Origin signs used on goods that have a specificgeographical origin and possess qualities, areputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that place of origin most commonly includes the name of the place of origin of the goods. **Fair use** means you can use copyrighted material without a license only for certain purposes. These include: Reporting Research Teaching Commentary Criticism **Guidelines for Fair Use** Give credit to the copyright holder. Don\'t make money out of the copyrighted work. **What is plagiarism?** the act of using another person\'s words or ideas without giving credit to that person The practice of taking someone else\'s work or ideas and passing them off as one\'s own. **HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM** Proper Citation Using Endnotes or Footnotes Writing a Bibliography Proper Paraphrasing **ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION** NETIQUETTE The term netiquette is derived from the word etiquette, which refers to proper decorum and behavior in accordance to society standards. Therefore, netiquette denotes the proper attitude that one should observe when communicating online. ETHICAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION Guidelines: ▪When sending an e-mail, use a subject line. ▪After receiving a message, reply urgently. ▪Review the message before sending. ▪Do not send spam mail and chain mail ▪Ask for permission before sharing someone's information. ▪Do not tamper photos and videos of other individuals. ▪Use public forums and chat rooms to discuss common interests. ▪Avoid degaratory remarks on social media. Guidelines: ▪Introduce yourself to a new contact person. ▪Avoid derogatory remarks on social media. SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION -**Digital divide** refers to the economic, educational,and social inequalities experienced by those who cannot afford to have computer and internet access. -It can also pertain to the gap on the kind of information which can be accessed, and the available form of communication that is allowed to be distributed. **Virtual Self** pertains to one's representation in the virtual world, which exists online and is only available once a person is connected to the internet. Examples are avatars and emojis or **emoticons.** **Internet and computer addiction** pertains to a person's inability to control his urges in using the internet, may it be for social media, online shopping, pornography, online gaming, or any other related habits, to the point that it affects his daily living and life choices. -With the advent of technology, bullying can now be done through the internet. This is known as **cyberbullying.** In this act, harm is done when the bully tells something derogatory about someone and then posts and shares it using social media. MIL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRADITIONAL MEDIA AND NEW MEDIA At present, new media is undeniably very useful. However , traditional media is still valuable and influential because it has a wider reach and market. The choice of media is based on one's needs, interest, and lifestyle. Both forms of media can keep people informed and can help everyone stay connected. ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF MEDIA IN A DEMOCRACY Democracy comes from the Greek words demo (people) and kratos (rule). Democracy is based on two fundamental principles: the sovereignty of the people and the free exchange of ideas. Media functions to: inform the citizenry and scrutinize those who govern **PREHISTORIC AGE** Between 30,000 and 33,000 years ago Divided in Two Periods : Stone Age and the Metal Age (tools used for hunting and creating the earliest art forms) Cave paintings were considered as prehistoric media People communicated through music and dance **TYPES OF ROCK ART** Petroglyphs -carvings on rock and caves Pictographs- picture symbols or drawings CLAY TABLETS IN MESOPOTAMIA 2400 BC (Petroglyph) CAVE PAINTINGS 35,000 BC (Pictograph) **Megalithic Art**- arranging or stacking together artistically stones or rocks for a certain purpose -STONE HENGE (3000 TO 2000 B.C.) PREHISTORIC AGE Writing developed about 8, 000 B.C. in Mesopotamia. Numerals were invented at about 3, 100 B.C. Succeeding civilizations wrote on clay tablet to record religious and philosophical thoughts. **INDUSTRIAL AGE (1700S TO 1800s)** The age that began in Great Britain during the 18th century The concept of mass production was Introduced People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press) **Forms of Media** Newspaper- The London Gazette (1740) Typewriter (1800) Telegraph (1837) Telephone (1876) Motion picture photography/projection (1890) Printing press for mass production (1900) Commercial motion pictures (1913) Motion picture with sound (1926) Examples: TYPEWRITER 1800 TELEGRAPH TELEPHONE 1876 PRINTING PRESS FOR MASS PRODUCTION MOTION PICTURES 1900S **ELECTRONIC AGE (1930S TO 1980S)** Equipment ran with the use of electricity rather than fuel. Electronic refers to an object that has components such as sensors and microchips, which function once connected to an electrical outlet. The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became mor efficient through broadcast media. Example Forms of Media: Transistor Radio Television (1941) Large electronic computers Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM 704 (1960) OHP, LCD projectors **NEW/ INFORMATION AGE (1900S TO 2000S)** Characterized by the proliferation of information-based products and markets, and a reliance on information in everyday life processes such as communication, education, business, entertainment, research, science, medicine, culture and religion. Led to the contemporary digital society. The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network. People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are digitalized. We are now living in the information age. Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), Internet Explorer (1995) Blogs: Blogspot (1999), Wordpress (2003) Social networks: Friendster (2002), Multiply (2003), FB (2004), Instagram Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007) Video: YouTube (2005) Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality Video chat: Skype (2003 Search Engines: Google (1996), Yahoo (1995) Portable computers- laptops (1980), netbooks (2008), tablets (1993) Smart phones Wearable technology Cloud and Big Data , PORTABLE LAPTOP 1980 FRIENDSTER 2002 TABLET 1993 MULTIPLY 2003 MOSAIC 1993 INTERNET EXPLORER SKYPE 2003 TWITTER 2007 THE FACEBOOK 2004 WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES