New Trends in Psychology Lecture Notes PDF

New Trends in Psychology Prof. Mai Khalifa Professor of Educational Psychology Chapter 1 Psychodynamics Perspective - Define Psychology and its subfields. - Describe the nature and function of the id, ego, and superego. - Define and describe the...

New Trends in Psychology Prof. Mai Khalifa Professor of Educational Psychology Chapter 1 Psychodynamics Perspective - Define Psychology and its subfields. - Describe the nature and function of the id, ego, and superego. - Define and describe the defense mechanisms.  Psychology - The science of the mind. - The science of behavior. - The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.  Biopsychology It known as physiological psychology, behavioral neuroscience, or psychobiology, studies how the brain and nervous system influence mental processes and behavior. Biopsychology can give you greater insight into the complex interactions between biology and psychology, including how physiological processes influence thoughts, emotions, and actions.  Social psychology Social psychology is defined as “the study of how an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected” by others, whether “actual, imagined, or symbolically represented.”  Educational psychology Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn and retain knowledge, primarily in educational settings like classrooms. This includes emotional, social, and cognitive learning processes.  Industrial& Organizational psychology It also called (I/O psychology) is characterized by the scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the workplace. It focuses on deriving principles of individual, group and organizational behavior and applying this knowledge to the solution of problems at work.  Clinical psychology Clinical psychology is the psychological specialty that provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals, couples, families, and groups; consultation to communities; training, education and supervision.  Sports psychology Sport psychology is a proficiency that uses psychological knowledge and skills to address optimal performance and well-being of athletes, developmental and social aspects of sports participation, and systemic issues associated with sports settings and organizations Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Freud’s psychoanalysis ◼ Our behavior and feelings are powerfully affected by unconscious motives ◼ The unconscious mind is the primary source of human behavior. ◼ Our feelings, motives, and decisions ◼ Unconscious thoughts and feelings are powerfully influenced by our past can transfer to the conscious mind in experiences and stored in the the form of Freudian slips or slips of unconscious. the tongue. ◼ Personality is shaped as the drives are modified by different conflicts at different times in childhood.  Parts of Personality Id Ego Superego Id The id is considered the basis of sexual and aggressive energy and is 01 largely held in the unconscious, emerging as illogical or wishful thinking. 02 The id is the inherited part of the personality. It remains illogical and selfish. 03 It encompasses the most primitive part of the personality, including basic biological drives and reflexes. 04 It is the basic instinct, what we are born with, of needs, desires, and pleasures. Super- Ego It includes the values and morals of society which are learned from 01 one's parents and others. 02 It represents the internalized values, morals, and ideals of society 03 as well as parental and societal expectations. 04 It serves as the moral conscience and strives for perfection, often leading to feelings of guilt or shame when its standards are not met. Ego The ego is tasked with balancing reality with the demands of desire 01 (id) and morality (superego)." Its job is to acknowledge and deal with reality, ensuring that the id’s 02 desires are controlled and expressed in socially acceptable ways. 03 The ego may do this by delaying gratification or acting in ways that will avoid the negative consequences of going against society’s norms and rules. 04 It is not concerned with right and wrong, but with how to maximize pleasure and minimize pain without getting into trouble.  Task1 This man is controlled by …..  Task 2 This man is controlled by …..  Task 3 This girl is controlled by ….. Task 4 This image may express....  Task 5 This man is controlled by ….. Task 6 This man is controlled by ….. Task 7  Defense Mechanisms Defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological responses that protect people from feelings of anxiety, threats to self-esteem, and things that they don't want to think about or deal with. Thank you! Do you have any questions?